Hasil untuk "Asian. Oriental"

H. Hoogstraal

Jung-Myung Lee

Jung-Wan Ryu, Jae-Ho Han, Moon Jip Park et al.

Non-orientable manifolds, such as the Möbius strip and the Klein bottle, defy conventional geometric intuition through their twisted boundary conditions. As a result, topological defects on non-orientable manifolds give rise to novel physical phenomena. We study the adiabatic transport of exceptional points (EPs) along non-orientable closed loops and uncover distinct topological responses arising from the lack of global orientation. Notably, we demonstrate that the cyclic permutation of eigenstates across an EP depends sensitively on the loop orientation, yielding inequivalent braid representations for clockwise and counterclockwise encirclement; this is a feature unique to non-orientable geometries. Orientation-dependent geometric quantities, such as the winding number, cannot be consistently defined due to the absence of a global orientation. However, when a boundary is introduced, such quantities become well defined within the local interior, even though the global manifold remains non-orientable. We further demonstrate the adiabatic evolution of EPs and the emergence of orientation-sensitive observables in a Klein Brillouin zone, described by an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian that preserves momentum-space glide symmetry. Finally, we numerically implement these ideas in a microdisk cavity with embedded scatterers using synthetic momenta.

Lauren B Drescher, Nicola Mayer, Kylie Gannan et al.

Circularly polarized light offers opportunities to probe symmetry-dependent properties of matter such as chirality and spin. Circular dichroism measurements typically require further intrinsic or extrinsic breaking of symmetry by e.g. enantiomeric excess, orientation, magnetic fields or direction-sensitive detectors. Here we introduce circular-dichroic attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy by leveraging the angular momentum of two circular-polarized pulses, both pump and probe, in an isotropic medium, optically orienting the angular momentum of excited states on an attosecond timescale. We investigate a circular-dichroic measurement of the attosecond transient absorption of He Rydberg states. By limiting the allowed pathways via dipole selection rules for co- and counter-rotating circular polarized NIR and XUV pulses, different spectral reshapings of the XUV transient absorption due to the AC Stark effect are observed. Paired with time-dependent Schrödinger equation calculations, the results show the role of selection and propensity rules and open up new opportunities to study coupling pathways of excited states as well as spin-dependent dynamics in atoms and beyond via attosecond optical orientation.

Galen Dorpalen-Barry, Dan Dugger, Nicholas Proudfoot

We give a new proof of the fact that the complement of the complexification of a real hyperplane arrangement is homotopy equivalent to the Salvetti complex of the associated oriented matroid. Our proof involves no choices, is relatively easy to visualize, and generalizes to the setting of conditional oriented matroids.

Chris J Mitchell, Peter R Wild

Orientable sequences of order n are infinite periodic sequences with symbols drawn from a finite alphabet of size k with the property that any particular subsequence of length n occurs at most once in a period in either direction. They were introduced in the early 1990s in the context of possible applications in position sensing. Bounds on the period of such sequences and a range of methods of construction have been devised, although apart from very small cases a significant gap remains between the largest known period for such a sequence and the best known upper bound. In this paper we first give improved upper bounds on the period of such sequences. We then give a new general method of construction for orientable sequences involving subgraphs of the de Bruijn graph with special properties, and describe two different approaches for generating such subgraphs. This enables us to construct orientable sequences with periods meeting the improved upper bounds when n is 2 or 3, as well as n=4 and k odd. For 4\leq n\leq 8, in some cases the sequences produced by the methods described have periods larger than for any previously known sequences.

Navneet Kaur

Sanjay Barbora

In the last two decades, different governments in India have made a concerted effort to address the plight of the marginal farmer who owns (or has access to) some private or communal land across the uplands in the northeast of the country. Various governmental schemes and subsidies have been initiated to ensure that other ways of earning a livelihood mitigate falling returns from agriculture and the increasing need for cash among farmers. Upland farmers have evoked both hope and despair from governments that look to transform subsistence-style agricultural practices into revenue-earning endeavours. They have been the source of much political posturing, as the regional political elite, scientists, and industry have taken up their cause. The same farmers have also been subjected to intense policy pressure, persuading them to think differently and pull themselves out of poverty. There is, therefore, an increasing demand for them to prepare for radical changes in their livelihoods and way of thinking. In this article, I draw from fieldwork conducted in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Mizoram to examine how new discourses of entrepreneurship and innovation have become essential to understanding social and economic transformations in the uplands of Northeast India.

Ina Zharkevich

Erkki Huhtamo

Screenology, or Media Archaeology of the Screen, has occupied me for over twenty years. I am more and more convinced that its investigations must be taken far back in time and also beyond the Western world. Media screens can be understood as dedicated artifacts that are distinct from the forms and contents that keep appearing on them. In brief, they are interfaces that connect the close and the remote, the present and the absent, the material and the discursive. To understand their genealogy from extended spatiotemporal perspectives, it is important to pay attention to “screen-like” things that may not even have been called “screens”, “écrans” or “Leinwands” by their creators and users. One example of such screen-like objects that commands attention are the “screens” produced in East-Asian cultures like Japan and China since times immemorial. They have specific histories, interconnections, forms, iconographies and uses. Although such objects do not seem to match the later Western idea of media screens (their decorations and the pictures they carry are permanent), they deserve attention from a screenological perspective not only as what they are, but also because they became integrated into the cultural, political and economic processes that brought different parts of the world together. We can talk about “traffic in screens”, which has become an extensive phenomenon. Oriental “screens” were transported to different parts of the world, including Europe and Latin America. They became submitted to cultural trends and were given signification by the receiving cultures. Obvious examples are the Western trends Chinoiserie and Japonisme, which saw these “screens” in very different ways compared with those who had conceived and produced them. Western “Orientalist” (E. Said) interpretations influenced how these objects were seen in the environments where they had been produced. In this paper, I will suggest that making sense of such cross-cultural exchanges will add important insights to our efforts to understand the formative developments of media screens from perspectives that go beyond Western views and ideological formations.

Vidushi Dobhal Naithani

Muhammad Dehan Al Kautsar, Rahmah Khoirussyifa' Nurdini, Samuel Cahyawijaya et al.

Task-oriented dialogue (ToD) systems have been mostly created for high-resource languages, such as English and Chinese. However, there is a need to develop ToD systems for other regional or local languages to broaden their ability to comprehend the dialogue contexts in various languages. This paper introduces IndoToD, an end-to-end multi domain ToD benchmark in Indonesian. We extend two English ToD datasets to Indonesian, comprising four different domains by delexicalization to efficiently reduce the size of annotations. To ensure a high-quality data collection, we hire native speakers to manually translate the dialogues. Along with the original English datasets, these new Indonesian datasets serve as an effective benchmark for evaluating Indonesian and English ToD systems as well as exploring the potential benefits of cross-lingual and bilingual transfer learning approaches.

Kunchok Rabten

The poems offer an intimate meditation on the author`s experience of being seperated from his homeland of Tibet and family members there. Both poems center around the possible scenario of dying in exile and never seeing his beloved homeland and loved ones again.  Note: To have Tibetan script correctly displayed, please download the PDF file and open it in a desktop application.

Bowen Xu PhD, Yuansha Ge MM, Heping Wang PhD et al.

Introduction: Brain metastasis (BM) is a significant risk factor for survival and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While surgical resection and radiotherapy are the primary treatment modalities, the overall prognosis in NSCLC patients with BM remains poor, and all therapies lead to adverse events. East Asian herbal medicine (EAHM) has broad prospects as an adjuvant treatment, but its efficacy and safety remain controversial. We propose to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the clinical efficacy and safety of EAHM for the treatment of NSCLC with BMs and to identify specific herbs that can improve the prognosis. Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Evidence Reports on Kampo Treatment, ICHUSHI, and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System databases will be searched from their inception to October 2022. Randomized controlled trials will be included. Two authors will evaluate the eligibility and quality of the included trials. The methodological quality will be assessed using the RoB 2 tool, and Stata 16 will be used for data synthesis. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots and Egger tests. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) system will evaluate the quality of the synthesized evidence. Further sensitivity analyses will be performed to determine the efficacies of specific herbs in EAHM. Discussion: Given there are currently no systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the efficacy of EAHM as a treatment for NSCLC with BMs, a compilation and analysis of the available high-quality clinical research evidence are essential. The results will help establish guidelines for the application of specific herbs as a complementary alternative therapy for BMs in NSCLC. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022300527.

Mahesh Sharma

This article examines Gaddi memory construction and transmission, influenced by popular historical narratives from the agrarian communities with which they interacted. After considering the construction of Gaddi ‘Rajputs’ who migrated from Rajasthan—claims that are historically dubious but have obvious social utility—I draw from old fieldnotes to explore another salient memory. Specifically, I analyze Gaddi shepherds’ memories about the communitarian strife and massacre during the 1947 Partition of India at the high-altitude Himalayan pass connecting Chamba to the Kangra plains. These events are the ‘little histories’ of marginal people that give us an insight not only into small scale societies but also how an event of larger dimension impacts even geographically remote areas and tribal communities. Their collective memories of 1947 stand out when we consider that they have little recollection of their origins and historical past.

Sirijit Sunanta

This paper examines Thai immigrant entrepreneurship in the UK, drawing on 17 inter-views with Thai migrants in Brighton, East Sussex. It explores how Thai immigrants from different socioeconomic backgrounds and migration pathways mobilize ethnic and non-ethnic forms of capital in their entrepreneurial activities. Thai immigrants constitute a relatively new, small, but internally diverse migrant population in the UK, with female marriage migrants dominating the Thai migrant population in the past two decades. The findings of this study reveal that Thai migrants tend to own small-scale businesses or provide personal services in three sectors: cleaning and care work, beauty and massage, and food and catering. In their interaction with opportunity structures in the UK, Thai restaurant and massage entrepreneurs mobilize the exotic notion of “Thai-ness” to add value to their services catering to local British customers.

Carlotta De Sanctis

Scott Sun, Dennis Melamed, Kris Kitani

Many smartphone applications use inertial measurement units (IMUs) to sense movement, but the use of these sensors for pedestrian localization can be challenging due to their noise characteristics. Recent data-driven inertial odometry approaches have demonstrated the increasing feasibility of inertial navigation. However, they still rely upon conventional smartphone orientation estimates that they assume to be accurate, while in fact these orientation estimates can be a significant source of error. To address the problem of inaccurate orientation estimates, we present a two-stage, data-driven pipeline using a commodity smartphone that first estimates device orientations and then estimates device position. The orientation module relies on a recurrent neural network and Extended Kalman Filter to obtain orientation estimates that are used to then rotate raw IMU measurements into the appropriate reference frame. The position module then passes those measurements through another recurrent network architecture to perform localization. Our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both orientation and position error on a large dataset we constructed that contains 20 hours of pedestrian motion across 3 buildings and 15 subjects.

Gordon T. Richards, Richard M. Plotkin, Paul C. Hewett et al.

The orientation of the disk of material accreting onto supermassive black holes that power quasars is one of most important quantities that are needed to understand quasars -- both individually and in the ensemble average. We present a hypothesis for determining comparatively edge-on orientation in a subset of quasars (both radio loud and radio quiet). If confirmed, this orientation indicator could be applicable to individual quasars without reference to radio or X-ray data and could identify some 10-20% of quasars as being more edge-on than average, based only on moderate resolution and signal-to-noise spectroscopy covering the CIV 1549A emission feature. We present a test of said hypothesis using X-ray observations and identify additional data that are needed to confirm this hypothesis and calibrate the metric.

Simon D. Taylor-Robinson, Paulo A. De Souza Lopes, Jey Zdravkov et al.

Abstract We argue commercial sex workers have rights to healthcare and psychosocial support. While decriminalization is not legally enacted in most countries, we would suggest these workers rights include freedom from harassment and opportunities to lead healthy lives. The need for healthcare access for all is heightened in the COVID-19 pandemic where some people flout rules on lockdown by engaging with commercial sex workers and may unwittingly spread SARS-CoV-2 in so doing. Unrestricted healthcare access without stigma for commercial sex workers protects them, and has a beneficial societal effect on those who engage with them and on their contacts.