Hasil untuk "Women. Feminism"

Ana Patricia Ponce Castañeda

Music is a powerful medium of expression—not only of emotions but also of social and political concerns—making it a privileged space for communicating ideas and creating connections among individuals. Like any other form of artistic expression, music has been shaped by dominant ideologies and discourses that play a crucial role in determining public recognition and social legitimacy. Within this framework, women have had to fight to gain a foothold in the industry and develop their own voice from which to narrate their experiences and perspectives. Across different genres and historical periods, it is possible to trace the work of female artists who articulate the specific struggles and tensions that women face under patriarchal systems in diverse cultural contexts. This paper focuses on three contemporary singer-songwriters—Florence Welch (Florence and The Machine), Milck, and Valerie Broussard—whose work challenges patriarchal notions of female identity through the creation of transgressive figures that derive power from subversion, monstrosity, and ambiguity. These figures resist conventional expectations of femininity and destabilize the boundaries that define it. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from gender studies and cultural studies, this article analyzes six songs by these artists to explore how the representation of subversive female figures in music enables a counter-hegemonic understanding of femininity. By reconfiguring identity through musical performance, these works reveal the mechanisms through which patriarchal structures seek to regulate women’s actions, thoughts, and experiences. Ultimately, this study argues that contemporary female singer-songwriters employ musical creation as a means of reclaiming subjectivity and agency, while proposing alternative and plural forms of inhabiting femininity beyond the restrictive norms imposed by patriarchal discourse.

Nadja van 't Hoff, Giovanni Mellace, Seetha Menon

This paper is the first to provide causal evidence of gender differences in healthcare utilisation to better understand the male-female health-survival paradox, where women live longer but experience worse health outcomes. Using rich Danish administrative healthcare data, we apply a staggered difference-in-differences approach that exploits the randomness in treatment timing to estimate the causal impact of adverse health shocks, such as non-fatal heart attacks or strokes, on healthcare use. Our findings suggest that men consistently use more healthcare than women, highlighting the underlying factors driving gender disparities in health outcomes. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on healthcare equity and inform policy interventions aimed at addressing these imbalances.

Eyob Tilahun Abeje, Fekade Demeke Bayou, Fekadeselassie Belege Getaneh et al.

IntroductionMany women worldwide resume sexual intercourse soon after childbirth, often before the recommended six-week recovery period. Early postpartum intercourse poses health risks, including infections and delayed healing. This study aims to assess the timing of resuming sexual intercourse and its predictors among postpartum women in Ethiopia using PMA data.MethodsThe data was from the Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) project, a cross-sectional design followed by cohort follow-up, employed to analyze the sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics of women aged 15–49. Pregnant women and those up to nine weeks postpartum at baseline were included in the study. Descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazard model were used for analysis using R 4.4.1 software. Proportional hazard assumption was assessed using graphical and statistical tests. The model fitness was checked using martingale residual plot.ResultsThe study found that 29% of participants resumed sexual intercourse before the recommended 42 days postpartum, while 91% resumed by 68 days. The median survival time was 8 weeks (57 days). The hazard of early sexual resumption was 5.56 times higher among women who experienced intimate partner violence compared to those who did not.DiscussionEarly sexual resumption among postpartum women in Ethiopia was high. Intimate Partner violence was a significant predictor of early sexual resumption. It is better to promote IPV prevention and postpartum couple counseling to support safe and consensual sexual resumption.

Shamse Tasnim Cynthia, Saikat Mondal, Joy Krishan Das et al.

Gender diversity enhances research by bringing diverse perspectives and innovative approaches. It ensures equitable solutions that address the needs of diverse populations. However, gender disparity persists in research where women remain underrepresented, which might limit diversity and innovation. Many even leave scientific careers as their contributions often go unnoticed and undervalued. Therefore, understanding gender-based contributions and collaboration dynamics is crucial to addressing this gap and creating a more inclusive research environment. In this study, we analyzed 2,000 articles published over the past decade in the Journal of Systems and Software (JSS). From these, we selected 384 articles that detailed authors' contributions and contained both female and male authors to investigate gender-based contributions. Our contributions are fourfold. First, we analyzed women's engagement in software systems research. Our analysis showed that only 32.74% of the total authors are women and female-led or supervised studies were fewer than those of men. Second, we investigated female authors' contributions across 14 major roles. Interestingly, we found that women contributed comparably to men in most roles, with more contributions in conceptualization, writing, and reviewing articles. Third, we explored the areas of software systems research and found that female authors are more actively involved in human-centric research domains. Finally, we analyzed gender-based collaboration dynamics. Our findings revealed that female supervisors tended to collaborate locally more often than national-level collaborations. Our study highlights that females' contributions to software systems research are comparable to those of men. Therefore, the barriers need to be addressed to enhance female participation and ensure equity and inclusivity in research.

Lucas Godoy Garraza, Ilene Speizer, Leontine Alkema

There is interest in learning about the causal effects of modern contraceptive use on empowerment outcomes. Data on this question often come from family planning (FP) programs that increase access to FP and facilitate contraceptive use among some women, rather than directly assigning use. Women whose contraceptive behavior changes because of these programs ("compliers") may differ from target populations in ways that alter the consequences of contraceptive use for empowerment outcomes. We propose a two-step approach. First, we use principal stratification and Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) to estimate the effect of modern contraceptive use among compliers in the study population, treating the FP program as an instrument rather than as the treatment of interest. Second, we generalize these complier-specific effects to a broader population by averaging conditional effects over the covariate distribution in the target population, with uncertainty in that distribution quantified via a Bayesian bootstrap applied to external complex survey data. We examine performance in simulation designs previously used to evaluate IV estimators. We then apply the approach to employment among urban women in Nigeria and Senegal, finding strong and heterogeneous effects of contraceptive use. Sensitivity analyses suggest robustness to violations of assumptions for internal and external validity.

Arianna D'Angelo, Francesca Evans, Jessica Williams et al.

Abstract Objective To assess patient and clinician satisfaction and identify any differences between the two with the use of video consulting (VC) in the fields of obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) and fertility in Wales. Design A retrospective electronic survey study. Setting All public hospitals in Wales that used virtual methods for delivery of fertility and/or O&G appointments during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic between August 2020 and March 2022. Population Patients awaiting an appointment on the National Health Service, who have attended virtual fertility or O&G appointments in Wales, and fertility and O&G clinicians who have conducted appointments virtually. Methods Analysis of patient and clinician responses to a VC satisfaction survey delivered after their consultation taking place between August 2020 and March 2022. Main Outcome Measures Patient and clinician satisfaction rates with the use of virtual consultation in fertility and O&G appointments. Results In satisfaction data collected from 420 patients and 161 clinicians, 83% of patients and 63% of clinicians reported their VC quality to be ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’. Difficulties when using VC were experienced by a minority of patients (1%–9%) and clinicians (1%–8%) and most patients (52v82%) and clinicians (34%–67%) found several aspects of VC to be ‘very beneficial’. Fertility patients rated their VC experience more positively than O&G patients. Conclusions Most patients and clinicians were satisfied with their VC experience. Patients were more satisfied with the use of VC than clinicians. Fertility patients were more satisfied with the use of VC than O&G patients.

Valentin-Gabriel Soumah, Prashanth Rao, Philipp Eibl et al.

We present the Radar de Parité, an automated Natural Language Processing (NLP) system that measures the proportion of women and men quoted daily in six Canadian French-language media outlets. We outline the system's architecture and detail the challenges we overcame to address French-specific issues, in particular regarding coreference resolution, a new contribution to the NLP literature on French. We also showcase statistics covering over one year's worth of data (282,512 news articles). Our results highlight the underrepresentation of women in news stories, while also illustrating the application of modern NLP methods to measure gender representation and address societal issues.

Oleksandr Rossolov, Anastasiia Botsman, Serhii Lyfenko et al.

This paper examines the mode choice behaviour of people who may act as occasional couriers to provide crowd-shipping (CS) deliveries. Given its recent increase in popularity, online grocery services have become the main market for crowd-shipping deliveries' provider. The study included a behavioural survey, PTV Visum simulations and discrete choice behaviour modelling based on random utility maximization theory. Mode choice behaviour was examined by considering the gender heterogeneity of the occasional couriers in a multimodal urban transport network. The behavioural dataset was collected in the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine, at the beginning of 2021. The results indicated that women were willing to provide CS service with 8% less remuneration than men. Women were also more likely to make 10% longer detours by car and metro than men, while male couriers were willing to implement 25% longer detours when travelling by bike or walking. Considering the integration of CS detours into the couriers' routine trip chains, women couriers were more likely to attach the CS trip to the work-shopping trip chain whilst men would use the home-home evening time trip chain. The estimated marginal probability effect indicated a higher detour time sensitivity with respect to expected profit and the relative detour costs of the couriers.

Niki Najafi, Miranda Addie, Sarkis Meterissian et al.

In 2020, according to WHO, breast cancer affected 2.3 million women worldwide, resulting in 685,000 fatalities. By the end of the year, approximately 7.8 million women worldwide had survived their breast cancer making it the most widespread form of cancer globally. Surgical treatment decisions, including choosing between oncoplastic options, often require quick decision-making within an 8-week time frame. However, many women lack the necessary knowledge and preparation for making such complex informed decisions. Anxiety and unsatisfactory outcomes can result from inadequate decision-making processes, leading to complications and the need for revision surgeries. Shared decision-making and personalized decision aids have shown positive effects on patient satisfaction and treatment outcomes. This paper introduces Breamy, a prototype mobile health (mHealth) application that utilizes augmented reality (AR) technology to assist breast cancer patients in making informed decisions. The app provides 3D visualizations of different oncoplastic procedures, aiming to improve confidence in surgical decision-making, reduce decisional regret, and enhance patient well-being after surgery. To determine the perception of the usefulness of Breamy, we collected data from 166 participants through an online survey. The results suggest that Breamy has the potential to reduce patient's anxiety levels and assist them during the decision-making process.

Sayak Saha Roy, Ohad Gilbar, Christina Palantza et al.

The #MeToo movement has catalyzed widespread public discourse surrounding sexual harassment and assault, empowering survivors to share their stories and holding perpetrators accountable. While the movement has had a substantial and largely positive influence, this study aims to examine the potential negative consequences in the form of increased hostility against women and men on the social media platform Twitter. By analyzing tweets shared between October 2017 and January 2020 by more than 47.1k individuals who had either disclosed their own sexual abuse experiences on Twitter or engaged in discussions about the movement, we identify the overall increase in gender-based hostility towards both women and men since the start of the movement. We also monitor 16 pivotal real-life events that shaped the #MeToo movement to identify how these events may have amplified negative discussions targeting the opposite gender on Twitter. Furthermore, we conduct a thematic content analysis of a subset of gender-based hostile tweets, which helps us identify recurring themes and underlying motivations driving the expressions of anger and resentment from both men and women concerning the #MeToo movement. This study highlights the need for a nuanced understanding of the impact of social movements on online discourse and underscores the importance of addressing gender-based hostility in the digital sphere.

A. Tambe

The pasT six monThs have been an important time for US feminism. For women’s studies professors, it’s been heartening to find the world outside our classrooms taking up conversations about sex and power that we’ve been having for decades. In this piece, I will reflect on three questions: What is going on? Why is it happening now? And what forms of feminism have been overlooked in the coverage of the #MeToo movement? I spend the longest time on the third question, because I’m concerned about how #MeToo has advanced a version of public feminism that is, in some ways, out of step with currents in academic feminism.

Caterina Senette, Maria Claudia Buzzi, Maria Teresa Paratore

Starting from the assumption that mood has a central role in domain-specific persuasion systems for well-being, the main goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of single-input methods to assess momentary mood as a medium for further interventions in health-related mobile apps destined for mature women. To this aim, we designed a very simple android App providing four user interfaces, each one showing one interactive widget to self-assess mood. Two widgets report a hint about the momentary mood they represent; the last two do not have the hints but were previously refined through questionnaires administered to 63 women (age 45-65) in order to reduce their expressive ambiguity. Next, fifteen women (age 45-65 years) were recruited to use the app for 15 days. Participants were polled about their mood four times a day and data were saved in a remote database. Moreover, users were asked to fill out a preliminary questionnaire, at the first access to the app, and a feedback questionnaire at the end of the testing period. Results appear to prove the feasibility and acceptability of this approach to self-assess momentary mood in the target population and provides some potential input methods to be used in this context.

Catia Nicodemo, Sonia Oreffice, Climent Quintana-Domeque

Using administrative data on all induced abortions recorded in Spain in 2019, we analyze the characteristics of women undergoing repeat abortions and the spacing between these procedures. Our findings indicate that compared to women experiencing their first abortion, those who undergo repeat abortions are more likely to have lower education levels, have dependent children, live alone, or be foreign-born, with a non-monotonic relationship with age. We also report that being less educated, not employed, having dependent children, or being foreign-born are all strongly related to a higher number of repeat abortions. Lastly, we find that being less educated, foreign-born, or not employed is correlated with a shorter time interval between the last two abortions.

J. A. Meaney, Steven R. Wilson, Luis Chiruzzo et al.

Computational humor detection systems rarely model the subjectivity of humor responses, or consider alternative reactions to humor - namely offense. We analyzed a large dataset of humor and offense ratings by male and female annotators of different age groups. We find that women link these two concepts more strongly than men, and they tend to give lower humor ratings and higher offense scores. We also find that the correlation between humor and offense increases with age. Although there were no gender or age differences in humor detection, women and older annotators signalled that they did not understand joke texts more often than men. We discuss implications for computational humor detection and downstream tasks.

Anna Costello, Ekaterina Fedorova, Zhijing Jin et al.

Prior work shows that men and women speak with different levels of confidence, though it's often assumed that these differences are innate or are learned in early childhood. Using academic publishing as a setting, we find that language differences across male and female authors are initially negligible: in first drafts of academic manuscripts, men and women write with similar levels of uncertainty. However, when we trace those early drafts to their published versions, a substantial gender gap in linguistic uncertainty arises. That is, women increase their use of cautionary language through the publication process more than men. We show this increase in the linguistic gender gap varies substantially based on editor assignment. Specifically, our author-to-editor matched dataset allows us to estimate editor-specific fixed effects, capturing how specific editors impact the change in linguistic uncertainty for female authors relative to male authors (the editor's author-gender gap). Editors' author-gender gaps vary widely, and correlate with observable editor characteristics such as societal norms in their country-of-origin, their work history, and the year that they obtained their PhD. Overall, our study suggests that a woman's "voice" is partially shaped by external forces, and it highlights the critical role of editors in shaping how female academics communicate.

Cennet Ceren Cavus

Ibn Arabi’s philosophy has been addressed by some scholars as a source of Islamic feminism because of his revolutionary ideas and practices concerning women. In his ontology, he consecrates femininity by putting the feminine Essence (dhât) at the top of his existential hierarchy. Frithjof Schuon, who reads Ibn Arabi’s philosophy very critically, refers to the feminine aspect of God with the concept of “Eternal Feminine”. At the first sight, both thinkers seem to have very egalitarian perspectives in terms of gender relations. However, are their ontologies really pro-feminine? This paper discusses the two Sufis’ understandings of femininity, masculinity, and “God’s femininity” in detail with a critical method. I argue that by adopting the ancient “active man-passive woman” discourse Ibn Arabi and Schuon construct their ontologies on the feminine-masculine dichotomy and establish a hierarchy to the detriment of femininity. In dichotomies they elaborated to explain their metaphysics -such as “active-passive”, “total-part”, “superior-inferior”, and “essence-accident”-, they attribute all the favorable sides to the masculinity while attributing the unfavorable sides to the femininity. Moreover, Ibn Arabi puts men in the place of God in their relation to women while Schuon regards men as the image of God’s totality, not women. Therefore, even though they have some discourses consecrating femininity, their ontologies are quite pro-masculine since they sustain the actual androcentric approach to sex.

Blanca Vazquez, Gibran Fuentes-Pineda, Fabian Garcia et al.

Background: Several studies have highlighted the importance of considering sex differences in the diagnosis and treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). However, the identification of sex-specific risk markers in ACS sub-populations has been scarcely studied. The present study aims to explore machine learning (ML) models to identify in-hospital mortality markers for women and men in ACS sub-populations collected from a public database of electronic health records (EHR). Methods: We extracted 1,299 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 2,820 patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III database. We trained and validated mortality prediction models and used an interpretability technique to identify sex-specific markers for each sub-population. Results: The models based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) achieved the highest performance: area under the curve (AUC) = 0.94 (95\% CI:0.84-0.96) for STEMI and AUC = 0.94 (95\% CI:0.80-0.90) for NSTEMI. For STEMI, the top markers in women are chronic kidney failure, high heart rate, and age over 70 years. For men, the top markers are acute kidney failure, high troponin T levels, and age over 75 years. However, for NSTEMI, the top markers in women are low troponin levels, high urea levels, and age over 80 years. For men, the top markers are high heart rate, creatinine levels, and age over 70 years. Conclusions: Our results show possible significant and coherent sex-specific risk markers of different ACS sub-populations by interpreting ML mortality models trained on EHRs. Differences are observed in the identified risk markers between women and men, highlighting the importance of considering sex-specific markers in implementing more appropriate treatment strategies and better clinical outcomes.

Sandeep Soni, Lauren Klein, Jacob Eisenstein

The abolitionist movement of the nineteenth-century United States remains among the most significant social and political movements in US history. Abolitionist newspapers played a crucial role in spreading information and shaping public opinion around a range of issues relating to the abolition of slavery. These newspapers also serve as a primary source of information about the movement for scholars today, resulting in powerful new accounts of the movement and its leaders. This paper supplements recent qualitative work on the role of women in abolition's vanguard, as well as the role of the Black press, with a quantitative text modeling approach. Using diachronic word embeddings, we identify which newspapers tended to lead lexical semantic innovations -- the introduction of new usages of specific words -- and which newspapers tended to follow. We then aggregate the evidence across hundreds of changes into a weighted network with the newspapers as nodes; directed edge weights represent the frequency with which each newspaper led the other in the adoption of a lexical semantic change. Analysis of this network reveals pathways of lexical semantic influence, distinguishing leaders from followers, as well as others who stood apart from the semantic changes that swept through this period. More specifically, we find that two newspapers edited by women -- THE PROVINCIAL FREEMAN and THE LILY -- led a large number of semantic changes in our corpus, lending additional credence to the argument that a multiracial coalition of women led the abolitionist movement in terms of both thought and action. It also contributes additional complexity to the scholarship that has sought to tease apart the relation of the abolitionist movement to the women's suffrage movement, and the vexed racial politics that characterized their relation.

Vanessa Sander

Resumo O artigo analisa sentidos e práticas afetivas e conjugais vivenciadas por travestis encarceradas em uma penitenciária masculina. São observados os discursos da administração prisional sobre os relacionamentos sexuais e amorosos na Alas LGBT, assim como as narrativas das próprias travestis sobre seus casos e casamentos. Articulando essas duas perspectivas, identifica-se como as conjugalidades são reinventadas e mediadas através do sistema penitenciário. Pensando a prisão como um espaço produtivo de relações, proponho analisar como esses casamentos redimensionam tanto a gramática das relações no contexto da rua como as normas de gênero e sexualidade.

Michael J. Boivin, Michael J. Boivin, Michael J. Boivin et al.

Background: The physical, psychological, social, and spiritual quality of life (QoL) may be affected by breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, with mixed findings for psychological quality of life and cognitive ability performance. The present study aimed to evaluate QoL in women over 1 year from biopsy for a breast abnormality.Methods: Self-reported measures of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual QoL were obtained after biopsy results but prior to treatment initiation (baseline), 4 and 12 months later. CogState computerized neuropsychological screening battery also provided an evaluation of psychological QoL. Three groups of women including those with benign biopsy results, those with malignancy treated with chemotherapy, and those with malignancy not treated with chemotherapy were compared at 4 and 12 months after adjusting for baseline to isolate the effects of treatment. Additional covariates included are age, level of education, and income.Results: Benign biopsy results group included 72 women, whereas malignancy was found in 87 women of whom 33 were treated with chemotherapy and 54 without chemotherapy. At the time of diagnosis, women with cancer had worse psychological and social QoL but better spiritual QoL than those with benign biopsy results. Only CogState monitoring accuracy was worse for women with cancer compared with the controls at the time of biopsy results. After adjusting for QoL at baseline, women treated for cancer had worse physical and social QoL at 4 and 12 months later. Psychological well-being was worse for women with cancer at 4th month but improved at 1 year. No differences in cognition were found at 4 and 12 months when adjusted for baseline cognition and covariates.Discussion: Breast cancer is a traumatic life event for women, affecting psychological and social QoL domains, yet increasing spiritual QoL. Later, cancer treatment worsens physical, psychological, and social QoL compared with those without cancer.Conclusions: These findings suggest that interventions to improve psychological QoL may be especially important at the time of cancer diagnosis, while interventions to improve physical well-being are the most needed during and following cancer treatment. Support to improve social QoL is needed from the time of diagnosis into post-treatment survivorship.