Hasil untuk "Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages"

Jasna Reščič

Wisława Szymborska (1923–2012) je sodobna poljska pesnica in dobitnica Nobelove nagrade za književnost (1996). Njena pesem »Radost pisanja« je uvrščena v učni načrt za slovenščino za srednje šole. V svoji poeziji Szymborska na igriv in lahkoten način upesnjuje raznovrstne teme, njene pesmi pa se pogosto zaključijo s presenetljivo poanto. Zaradi navezav na najrazličnejše zunajliterarne teme je njena poezija primerna za medpredmetno povezovanje ali kot uvodna motivacija pri drugih predmetih. V razpravi uvodoma predstavim pesnico in jo umestim v literarno zgodovinski kontekst. Sledi predstavitev obravnav Szymborske v treh potrjenih učbenikih za književnost pri pouku slovenščine v tretjem letniku gimnazij in srednjih šol. V nadaljevanju po posameznih šolskih predmetih kratko predstavim pesmi, ki jih je mogoče uporabiti pri medpredmetnem povezovanju. Razprava se zaključi s predlogom za obravnavo pesmi »Mačka v praznem stanovanju« in »Psalm«. Pesmi sta za šolsko obravnavo zanimivi zaradi za avtorico značilne nenavadne perspektive in teme.

Raymond Detrez

Throughout its history, the Balkan Peninsula has been encompassed within various expansive cultural and historical spheres, as well as state-like political formations. The most prominent among these include the ancient world, the Roman Empire, the Byzantine commonwealth, the Ottoman Empire, modern Europe, the Soviet bloc, and the European Union. Additionally, the region has experienced influences from less dominant spheres such as the Eurasian steppe, the Arab world, and the maritime empires of the Italian city-states and Dubrovnik. Within these broader frameworks, the Balkans have frequently occupied a peripheral position, characterized by frequent interactions with neighbouring cultural zones and limited control from the normative centre. These interactions, coupled with the region’s unique relationship to cultural and political centers, have contributed to the formation of distinct cultural hybrids. This paper explores several examples that substantiate the thesis of the Balkan Peninsula as a site of cultural hybridity. Original title in Bulgarian: Хибридните Балкани като ‘център на периферии’ – една скица.

V. V. Serdechnaya, D. N. Zhatkin

This study is dedicated to the analysis of the formation and understanding of the dynamic development of the image of the English poet John Milton in Russian lyrical and lyric-epic poetry. The material for this investigation consists of lyrical and lyric-epic works by Russian writers from the 18th and 19th centuries that reference Milton. Employing hermeneutic, historical-cultural, and comparative methods, the article identifies three distinct trajectories in the interpretation of Milton's image within Russian poetry during this period. The first trajectory, situated within the framework of Classicism, involves the incorporation of Milton's name into the canon of classical literature and the use of his image as an argument for shaping a unique, distinctive identity in Russian poetry. The second trajectory (within the realms of Sentimentalism and Romanticism) leads to the creation of the image of a solitary, tragically misunderstood genius — a blind seer; moreover, authors of the Sentimentalist era appreciate the contrasts present in Milton's stylistic poetics, while poets of the Romantic tradition perceive him as a quintessential figure of their age. The third trajectory (beginning in the early 19th century, primarily within Romanticism and Realism) is characterized by an ironic, diminutive, and distancing interpretation of Milton's poetics.

Lijun Guo

The article considers the representation of the ideas of Daoism and one of its key concepts of DAO in the Russian information space: in the discourse of social networks, communication on forums, on the websites of traditional media. The accounts of VKontakte communities, newspaper articles, and publications on Internet resources with the words Daoism and Dao in their names have been analyzed using content analysis methods. It has been established that such VKontakte communities unite more than 500 thousand people. There are subscribers in accounts claiming the subject of “Philosophy”, while the connection of the posted content with Daoism can only be indirect. It is shown that communities with components of Daoism and Dao in their names are also engaged in sales, promoting the idea of a healthy lifestyle, discussing gender relations, etc. The main geographical account labels have been identified: the most popular regions are Moscow and St. Petersburg. Linguistic analysis of the use of the Daoism nomination shows its scientific character, while combinations with the word Dao are characterized by a high degree of metaphor. The author comes to the conclusion that Russians, referring to the religious and philosophical concepts of “Daoism” and “Dao”, banalize them when discussing problems of everyday life, health, interpersonal relationships, and also use the Daoism and Dao nominations to commercialize accounts.

T. G. Rabenko

This study investigates the authorial image presented on the corporate websites of law firms. The authorial image is understood as the representation of the law firm itself, functioning as a generalized persona that shapes the virtual presence of the organization through its corporate website. The research material comprises the corporate websites of several law firms located in the Kemerovo region (Kuzbass). A communicative-pragmatic approach is employed to analyze the discourse, taking into account the pragmatic properties of language units selected according to the specifics of the communicative situation, the participants involved, their social roles, and the electronic medium of information. Language is viewed as a participant in marketing communication and market relations, facilitating the successful delivery of services provided by the organization. It is established that effective marketing communication within the corporate website employs communicative strategies aimed at constructing a positive image of the law firm: strategies for creating an image of a legitimate organization, modeling an authoritative organization, shaping an image of a successful organization, and hyperbolizing the organization’s image. The analysis reveals polycode means of actualizing these strategies, determined by the genre-specific characteristics of the text and the electronic nature of the substrate (the material carrier of the sign).

Pierre Gonneau, Ecatherina Rai-Gonneau

Daniel Radović , Aleksandr M. Dronov

This work is a review of the monograph “Ilija Garašanin (1812–1874) – the great son of Serbian land” written by six professors from the Department of history of the Serbian people in the Modern period at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Belgrade. The book coincides with the 150th anniversary of Garašanin’s death and it was published by the National museum of Aranđelovac. The monograph is the most comprehensive biography of one of the most important Serbian statesmen. Each of the six authors contributed to the description of Garašanin’s public and political career, his domestic and foreign policies, as well as his private life and family heritage. The biography not only summarizes previous scholarly knowledge but also introduces a significant number of new archival materials of Serbian and foreign origin that were not previously utilized, supporting a well-rounded portrait of Ilija Garašanin and his public activities. Ilija Garašanin is considered one of the greatest modern Serbian statesman, alongside Jovan Ristić and Nikola Pašić. Throughout his long political career, during which he served as Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Minister of Internal Affairs, he consistently prioritized Serbian national interests. He was the creator of the most important Serbian national program, known as “Načertanije,” in 1844. He resigned from the position of Prime Minister in 1867, and spent the last years of his life on his estate in Grocka, in debt, which indicates that politics was not a source of income for him, but rather an opportunity to use his abilities as a statesman for the common good.

Tatiana Vendina

The article deals with the analysis of anthropocentric paradigm in the Slavic dialectology, the modern phase of which can be rightly characterized by the formation of “analytical, explaining dialectology” which focuses on deep interpretation of dialect words and analysis of traditional culture language. Due to N. I. Tolstoy a new approach in cultural language dialectology was formed – ethnolinguistics, in which dialect word is studied through the lens of cultural anthropology, since adequate understanding of a language is only possible through abandoning the strictly linguistical limitations and applying other forms of knowledge, including philosophy, logic, psychology, sociology, ethnography, history etc. Ethnolinguistics moved from “immanent” linguistics, existing “in itself and for itself” towards what Kibrik termed “what/why linguistics”, the logic of which hinges on the central premise of anthropocentric linguistics, “finding a way towards a human through language”. According to Tolstoy, only language can provide a true image of the linguistic consciousness of an individual within a specific culture with all its complexity and nuance. Linguistic reconstruction of the cognitive structure behind a dialect word allows the shift from empirical data to interpretation, from collecting data to explaining it. The importance of Tolstoy’s ideas and its relevance is proved by, among other things, the “Slavic linguistical atlas” project, which was started largely thanks to Tolstoy himself.

Tadej Kralj

Članek obravnava jezikoslovno analizo govorjene slovenščine pri predstavnikih slovenske skupnosti v Torontu. Analiza prikazuje jezikovne značilnosti slovenščine pri dveh tipih uporabnikov slovenščine kot dediščinskega jezika, in sicer nosilcih in govorcih slovenščine kot dediščinskega jezika. Pri prvem tipu se kažejo predvsem narečne značilnosti izvornega kraja na vseh jezikoslovnih ravninah, pri drugem tipu uporabnikov pa vse več knjižnih ustreznic in vpliv angleščine kot večinskega jezika in kot enega od uradnih jezikov v Ontariu.

Alexandra Prentza, D. Tafiadis, Vasiliki Chondrogianni et al.

Marika Selga

L. Kiseleva

This article is devoted to the main directions of the Slavic activities of the linguists of the Bashkir State University, namely scientific, educational, and cultural and elucidative. Within the framework of the scientific direction, comparative typological (in comparison with the Turkic languages) and sociolinguistic aspects are considered, and the results of the linguogeographic study of the Slavic languages (primarily Russian) are described. The specificity of the educational direction is based on the educational process, which involves the use of both traditional and new forms of studying and teaching foreign Slavic languages (Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian) within the walls of the Bashkir State University. The role of the mentioned and related disciplines (introduction to Slavic philology, comparative grammar of Slavic languages) in deepening the Slavic training of students of Russian studies is demonstrated. Attention is paid to relations with educational institutions in Slavic countries as an important factor in improving the quality of teaching foreign Slavic languages. The main parameters of the third direction — cultural and elucidative — are considered from the point of view of cooperation with the Slavic national cultural centres of the Republic of Bashkortostan, primarily the Polish Culture Centre and Education “Renaissance” and the Bulgarian Cultural Centre. The promising possibilities of this cooperation in terms of in-depth acquaintance of students with the history and culture of the country of the studied Slavic language are demonstrated. It is shown that cultural and elucidative work in the field of Slavic studies is integrated into scientific and educational activities and, combined, constitutes one of the facets of a single process aimed at maximizing student knowledge of foreign Slavic languages and fostering a tolerant attitude towards them.

L. Ilyina

This paper analyzes the theoretical and linguistic substantiation of the status, semantics, and functions of the verbal category of evidentiality suggested by R. Jakobson in his famous work “Shifters, Verbal Categories and the Russian Verb.” When studying the linguistic-typological classification of verbal categories and their organization in the scientific paradigm of the general linguistic theory of speech activity, the scholar distinguished a separate grammatical category of evidentiality. Its special function in a speech communicative act was identified as “indicating the source of information about the reported fact”, with illustrations of the morphological expression of different variants of the speaker’s evidence of the reported event provided. Jakobson examined the data of the two South Slavic languages, Bulgarian and Macedonian, and also the published descriptions of the indigenous languages of North America. However, of concern is his identification of the “indicated source of information about the reported fact” with the “transmitted fact of the message”, suggesting the morphologically expressed indication of some source of information to indicate the preceding speech communicative act, a previously received message. Jakobson refers to the source of information as “a message from some other person.” However, no explanation is provided regarding the basis and logic of attributing all “sources of information about a reported fact” to a “citation” source. This paper argues the Jakobson’s concept to serve as a theoretical basis for modern studies of the grammatical category of evidentiality. The significance of the verbal category of evidentiality is traced by describing the evidential verbal forms in the Selkup language.

A. Holvoet, A. Daugavet, Vaiva Žeimantienė

This article offers a picture of the Lithuanian perfective present, with particular emphasis on the treatment of habituality and genericity, the use of aspect forms in narrative text types, and peripheral constructionalised and often pragmatically specialised uses of perfective presents partly harking back to the actional differences underlying the aspect opposition in Baltic as well as in Slavonic. The introductory part of the article offers a general outline of the Lithuanian aspect system and briefly discusses the vexed question of the existence or non-existence of a grammatical category of aspect in Lithuanian. It is argued that, contrary to a widely held view, the Baltic languages have a grammatical category of aspect, though weakly grammaticalised.

Maria Andreou, I. Tsimpli, Stéphanie Durrleman et al.

Impairments in Theory of Mind (ToM) are a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ToM may be enhanced by various factors, including bilingualism, executive functions (EF), and complex syntax. This work investigates the language-cognition interface in ASD by exploring whether ToM can be enhanced by bilingualism, whether such ToM boosts would be due to EF or syntax, and whether routes to mentalizing would differ between bilinguals and monolinguals on the spectrum. Twenty-seven monolingual Greek-speaking and twenty-nine bilingual Albanian-Greek children with ASD were tested on ToM reasoning in verbal and low-verbal ToM tasks, an executive function 2-back task, and a sentence repetition task. Results revealed that bilingual children with ASD performed better than monolinguals with ASD in the low-verbal ToM and the 2-back tasks. In the sentence repetition task, bilinguals scored higher than monolinguals in complex sentences, and specifically in adverbials and relatives. Regarding the relations between ToM, EF, and sentence repetition, the monolingual group’s performance in the verbal ToM tasks was associated with complement syntax, whereas, for the bilingual children with ASD, performance in both verbal and low-verbal ToM tasks was associated with EF and adverbial clause repetition. The overall pattern of results suggests that mentalizing may follow distinct pathways across the two groups.

A. Volovyk

Translation studies of children’s literature deserve meticulous attention today not only in the wake of active global publishing activity of books for children but due to the culture-specific information the latter may contain. Fairy tales are usually the first narratives children are introduced to and often these stories with a long-reproduction history reveal some features of national culture that form a child’s worldview. From this perspective, the research is set out to identify culture-specific items in fairy tales that originated from oral tradition and to determine what translation procedures should be used and what factors may influence the choice of the translation method. The corpus of the research includes the titles of East Slavic fairy tales limited by culture-specific items and their translations into English and German. Despite the period when translations were made and gender of translators, findings of our research show that in both languages source language-oriented translation procedures prevail in rendering proper names with denotative meaning, and target language-oriented translation methods are dominant for culture-specific common expressions and descriptive elements of proper names. The current research has allowed us to distinguish the factors that may influence the choice of a translation procedure. To this end, a scale of source language- and target language-oriented translation strategies of culture-specific items from fairy tales with the account of target reader’s age and genre has been provided for the translators to reveal the efficiency of certain translation procedures. Given the above, the study of culture-specific items in fairy tales requires a greater focus and thus further lines of inquiry are suggested in this paper.

P. Lohar, Maja Popovic, Andy Way

This paper reports the results of the first experiment dealing with the challenges of building a machine translation system for user-generated content involving a complex South Slavic language. We focus on translation of English IMDb user movie reviews into Serbian, in a low-resource scenario. We explore potentials and limits of (i) phrase-based and neural machine translation systems trained on out-of-domain clean parallel data from news articles (ii) creating additional synthetic in-domain parallel corpus by machine-translating the English IMDb corpus into Serbian. Our main findings are that morphology and syntax are better handled by the neural approach than by the phrase-based approach even in this low-resource mismatched domain scenario, however the situation is different for the lexical aspect, especially for person names. This finding also indicates that in general, machine translation of person names into Slavic languages (especially those which require/allow transcription) should be investigated more systematically.

L. B. Bakhtigulova

The review of the monograph “Scientific basis for professional career building and development” which became the winner of the International competition “Best Scientific Book - 2017” held by the International Academy of Education (London, UK) is published. It is reported that the book presents a conceptual framework for building and developing professional careers. It is noted that the authors described the main directions of development of personality in conditions of continuous professional education, meaningful for career paths. The author’s technology of the teachers of high school teaching the formation and professional career development is appreciated.

Olga Voronina

Vladimir Nabokov’s novel “Camera Obscura” famously ends with the death of its blind protagonist, Bruno Kretschmar, from the hand of Kretschmar’s former mistress, Magda Peters. In the little-known version of the novel’s ending, which the author abandoned in 1931, but nevertheless preserved among his papers, now on hold at the Library of Congress (USA), the blind man fiercely shoots Magda in revenge for her unfaithfulness and cruelty as well as in the hope of regaining his vision after the girl’s demise. This first-time publication of the castoff ending of “Camera Obscura” is preceded with an essay that compares the two versions, along with the last pages of “Laughter in the Dark”, the author’s translation of the novel to English. It also investigates the moral choices and narrative devices Nabokov relied on when choosing the more predictable, but also less brutal finale. Furthermore, the analysis draws parallels between the ending Nabokov chose not to publish and the intriguing scene of Quilty’s murder in “Lolita”, with its motifs of blindness and references to camera obscura as an artist’s tool used for creating an optical illusion. The comparison leads to conclusions about such aspects of Nabokov’s art as his visual poetics, strategies of intertextual concealment, and metaphysical imagination.

Adrian Czardybon

The aim of this book is to investigate how definiteness is expressed in Polish, a language which is claimed to have no definite and in-definite articles. The central question is how the difference in definiteness is indicated between 'a woman' and 'the woman' in Polish. In English, the definite article 'the' and the indefinite article 'a' express the category of definiteness explicitly. Since definiteness is also relevant in articleless languages, there are other means to indicate that a nominal phrase is definite or indefinite. This study is delimited to four means for expressing definiteness in Polish, which are demonstratives, aspect, case alternation, and information structure. Each strategy is investigated independently from the others, although they interact in a complex way, which is shown at the end of this book resulting in a decision tree. Polish is not investigated in isolation, however, the study is complemented by comparisons with other Slavic languages and also with a Polish dialect called 'Upper Silesian', which differs from Polish. The analysis in this book is based on Lobner’s theory of 'Concept Types and Determination' (CTD). Lobner’s distinction of the four concept types (sortal, relational, functional, individual) is crucial since definiteness phenomena under discussion can be explained. Therefore, the interaction of the four concept types with the four definiteness strategies plays a central role in this book. This series explores issues of mental representation, linguistic structure and representation, and their interplay. The research presented in this series is grounded in the idea explored in the Collaborative Research Center 'The structure of representations in language, cognition and science' (SFB 991) that there is a universal format for the representation of linguistic and cognitive concepts.