Hasil untuk "Religion (General)"

Peri Uran Murphy

One of the most significant and convoluted issues regarding the international protection of human rights is the right to non-discrimination. Discrimination, which can be defined as less favourable treatment in a narrow sense, undoubtedly poses a threat to various social groups in society; however, it is particularly a threat to children, as they are disadvantaged in terms of the power structure of society and are more vulnerable than adults due to their age-related necessities. A violation of rights during childhood can lead to much more serious and even irreparable consequences than a violation of rights experienced during adulthood, because it prevents or delays the flow of developmental opportunities during this period. Children who cannot influence decision-makers due to their inability to vote and who cannot assert their rights due to limited rights of participation and association face significant difficulties in expressing their experiences. In light of these facts, States have a great responsibility to ensure that a child whose rights have been violated due to discrimination based on ethnic background, disability, age, birth, other grounds such as religion, language, etc., can claim their rights, to compensate for the damage caused by the violation, and to prevent the recurrence of similar violations.

Nancy Susan Huicho Trujillo, Vicke Nélcida de la Cruz Pérez

El objetivo del estudio fue establecer la relación entre Inteligencia emocional y gestión pedagógica en docentes de instituciones públicas de Lima. El enfoque utilizado fue cuantitativo, con un diseño descriptivo-correlacional y de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 40 maestras de nivel inicial de tres instituciones públicas de la UGEL 04. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron el Inventario de Inteligencia Emocional de Reuven Bar-On  y la Escala Gestión Pedagógica, ambos validados y con medición de confiabilidad. Para analizar la correlación entre las variables, se empleó el coeficiente de correlación Rho de Spearman. El análisis determinó una correlación de 0,269, lo que indica una relación positiva débil entre la inteligencia emocional y la gestión pedagógica. Sin embargo, el valor de significancia (0,094) fue superior al umbral comúnmente aceptado de 0,05, lo que implica que no se puede rechazar la hipótesis nula (H0). En consecuencia, no se dispone de suficiente evidencia para afirmar que existencia de una relación significativa entre la inteligencia emocional y la gestión pedagógica en la muestra analizada.

André Pereira da Silva

No decurso de toda a antiguidade, a filosofia caracterizou-se como uma atividade prática, como um modo de vida composto por ideias, valores e discursos aos quais os indivíduos aderiam voluntariamente. Para o filósofo da era helenística Epicuro (341 – 270 a.C.), a filosofia se caracterizava como uma prática de vida que visava a obtenção de prazeres e a conquista da felicidade. Ao contrário da realidade intrínseca, inerente à filosofia antiga, a filosofia na contemporaneidade se caracteriza em grande medida pelo aspecto teorético e acadêmico, que privilegia o discurso enquanto estrutura formal, em detrimento da prática, da ação cotidiana relacionada ao cuidado de si e à transformação do próprio modo de vida. Utilizando como referencial teórico o pensamento de Epicuro (2005), bem como o conceito de filosofia apresentado por Pierre Hadot (2014) e por Michel Onfray (2010), este trabalho objetiva refletir sobre os contrastes entre a vivência da filosofia na antiguidade e sua produção na contemporaneidade, bem como intenta analisar a possibilidade de um retorno à filosofia enquanto atividade prática, cotidiana, de caráter individual e/ou coletivo.

Alisson Ramos de Souza

Trata-se de estabelecer um confronto entre duas concepções do chamado material musical e seu desenvolvimento na história da música, a saber, aquelas de Theodor Adorno e Jean-François Lyotard. A “tendência de material”, devido a um processo de racionalização crescente, sobretudo a partir do dodecafonismo de Schoenberg e as incursões serialistas, conflui para um processo de dessensibilização e apagamento da expressividade subjetiva, culminando em seu fetichismo, ou seja, como se o material ganhasse vida própria. Entretanto, algo parece escapar a essa dessensibilização: o gesto, a intensidade, o não-ligado, os quais não se reduzem a uma dialética do material.

Nina Rosas

This paper is a commentary to a review, raised by a great exponent of the sociology of science, that comparing the studies on religion, criminology and social mobility, states that the sociology of religion is far away of advancing through accumulation of internal theoretical reflection, sedimentation of knowledge or methodological progress. Disagreeing partially, this article presents an alternative framework, pointing out specificities of the referred field. To do so, the article recovers state-of-the-art reviews and two discussions, namely, the debate on secularization and the theories developed to understand religious vitality. At the end, there is the defense that the sociology of religion is already relied on exercises about its intellectual output, but, despite of that, can become more robust if inspired by the way research are carried out in other disciplinary fields

Léo Peruzzo Júnior, César Candiotto, Antonio Valverde et al.

Eugenia Arduino

El tema de la presente investigación se centra en las características del proceso de interrelación entre sectores políticos y las principales vertientes cristianas protestantes de la República de Sudáfrica, desde mediados del siglo XX hasta el presente. Los autores que tangencialmente lo habían tratado, eludían ahondar en cuestiones socio –culturales, en el impacto ocasionado, y en el papel desempeñado por los actores más vulnerables. Las justificaciones explicativas hasta los años ́80 casi lo naturalizaban como una forma política más, a la vez que sólo unos pocosescritos superaban la censura sudafricana y exponían una parte de la dramática trama local. Desde entonces, la desigualdad institucionalizada durante décadas, basada en criterios raciales, comenzó a ser estudiada desde diferentes ámbitos disciplinares, por lo cual, con el fin de obtener como resultado un conocimiento interpretativo / analítico / explicativo, fue investigada la presencia de cuatro vertientes cristianas protestantes en Sudáfrica, particularizando en las instancias de reelaboración producidas a partir de la diversidad etnorreligiosa local, para comprender el modo a través del cual aquellas se interrelacionaron con los representantes políticos desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX y hasta el presente. El principal objetivo buscó comprender los mecanismos a partir de los cuales las ideas y prácticas, tanto políticas como de las vertientes religiosas estudiadas en Sudáfrica, utilizaron argumentos teológicos como forma de legitimación sobre sistemas ideológicos y políticos impuestos a la sociedad, tanto en el caso represivo del apartheid,como en la resistencia antiapartheid.Tal sistema fue instaurado en 1948 y devino en el control total de la población blanca, creando fronteras internas, racializando y despolitizando a la mayoría no blanca. Las vertientes protestantes actuaron en general, legitimándolo, evitando confrontaciones por medio de una tácita neutralidad, o bien otorgando argumentos para la resistencia antiapartheid.

Landon Schnabel

P. Bloom, Osman Zahid Çifçi

Daniel Borgoni

O argumento do conhecimento de Frank Jackson defende que a qualidade sentida das sensações é caracterizada pelos qualia, propriedades intrínsecas das experiências conscientes não redutíveis ao físico. Os qualia seriam o objeto do conhecimento fenomênico, conhecimento factual adquirido somente por experiência. Os meus objetivos são apresentar uma formalização que mostre o aspecto epistêmico e o aspecto metafísico do argumento do conhecimento, e analisar algumas das principais objeções que lhe foram opostas. Dividirei essas objeções em três tipos. O primeiro tipo se refere às objeções que negam o conhecimento fenomênico. O segundo tipo se refere às objeções que aceitam o conhecimento fenomênico, mas negam que esse conhecimento se refira a propriedades não-físicas. E o terceiro tipo nega que todos os fatos físicos e funcionais podem ser conhecidos somente por meio do conhecimento físico. Após analisar objeções e respectivas respostas, concluirei que as objeções analisadas não são decisivas contra o argumento do conhecimento.

Ludovic Duhem

La question du langage dans la pensée de Simondon est une question aporétique. Alors que toutes les conditions semblent réunies pour qu’une théorie originale et cohérente soit élaborée, il n’existe dans son œuvre que des réflexions éparses qui ne donnent pas lieu à une théorie mais plutôt à une critique non systématisée du langage. Deux hypothèses peuvent expliquer cette « absence » de théorie du langage : selon la première, Simondon n’avait pas besoin du langage pour repenser les conditions de la pensée, du sens et de la vérité, la théorie de l’individuation proposant une ontologie, une logique et une épistémologie pour lesquelles le langage n’est ni premier ni central ; selon la deuxième, Simondon a posé autrement la question du langage, sous la forme d’ une théorie de la communication qui se fonde sur le rapport entre information et signification, lequel dépasse et englobe la question du langage. À partir de ces deux hypothèses, il est possible de poser que Simondon a cherché à sortir la philosophie du logocentrisme et de l’anthropocentrisme réductionniste qui le soutient, ce qui implique une relativisation fondamentale du langage. Cet article propose en ce sens de faire un premier « état des lieux » de la question du langage dans l’œuvre de Simondon à travers l’étude :1. de sa critique du langage compris comme condition de la connaissance et de la pensée ;2. des tensions internes au rapport entre technique et langage chez Simondon ;3. des éléments qu’il pose pour une théorie communicationnelle du langage.

S. A. Sayeed, A. Prakash

Religion and its practices have been duly implicated in treating not only problems related to medical health, rather, intervening and preventing such problems as well. In the present article, the authors have reviewed significance of the Islamic prayers (Salah/Namaaz) in healthcare in general and mental health in particular. The nature, procedures, practices and the benefits of Salah have been comprehensively described and discussed. In addition, an attempt to combine yoga and its practices with Salah has been made for intervening and preventing the problems of mental health as an expeditious tool. In upshot, the clinicians in the field of mental health care have been suggested to incorporate these two viewpoints in their intervention program, at least, for the Muslim patients for a more desirable outcome.

Heinz Streib, C. Klein

Rodrigo González Fernández

Según la versión estándar del juego de la imitación, la determinación del sexo de los participantes no desempeña ningún papel en el testeo de la inteligencia de máquina. Desafortunadamente, tal simplificación soslaya la teoría de la mente que fundamenta dicho juego. Teniendo en consideración este problema, en este ensayo argumento en contra de la simplificación del Test de Turing. En efecto, tal como sostengo, la determinación del sexo de los participantes no debe obviarse: la mente de una mujer y su inteligencia son imitables y no dependen de realización física específica. Esto ocurre porque el funcionalismo de Turing supone un vínculo entre imitación, engaño y aprendizaje, tres claves para que el proyecto de la Inteligencia Artificial tenga éxito.

Colin Gordon

Like all previously published volumes of his lectures, the content of The Government of the Living defies brief summary. It shows us Foucault in 1980 mapping out a major new phase in his work in terms that complicate our existing understanding of his unfinished project. My review looks in turn at the two parts of the course: an unusually lengthy discussion of method and heuristics, followed by a tightly focused study of early Christian regimes of truth. I suggest that the complex opening theoretical reflections in these lectures go well beyond mapping the course of the immediately following historical analysis. They need to be seen in coordination with other conceptual innovations introduced over the following years, putting a task that Foucault calls here a “history of the power of truth” on his agenda alongside, and in integral connection with the previously defined tasks of a history of governmentality and a history of the subject. A newly published discussion in Berkeley later in 1980 adds crucial context to these Paris lectures, spelling out the linkage of structures of subjectivation to governability and of penitential ascetics to pastoral power. Taken together, the later books and lectures can now be seen to establish a framework of what I suggest we can call “alethic” or “aletheological” analysis, analysing and mapping across the span of Western history the modes of engagement of life and truth, with a view to enabling a renewed analysis of the political present.

M. Lewis-Beck

S. Mohr, N. Perroud, C. Gilliéron et al.

Megan K. Johnson, W. Rowatt, L. Barnard‐Brak et al.

Jarosław Nowaszczuk

The Eleusinian Mysteries belong to the group of subjects that intrigue pre-Christian religion researchers. The continuous keen interest is the result of the signifi cance of these ancient beliefs, their scope and, above all, a mysterious nature. There is a general agreement that the pre-beginnings of the rituals can be traced to as early as in the Aegean culture. Their end, in turn, coincides with the demise of the political existence of the Roman Empire. Undoubtedly, they confirm the widespread belief that the mystery religions are the most stable cultic forms. The rites were by no means a niche phenomenon, in fact, they affected diverse spheres of life of people of individual classes and nations. Among the initiates were both slaves and Roman emperors. The doctrine associated with the ceremonial regulated not only the sphere of religious life, but was a reflection of the outlook on life, concerned social and state affairs. The determination of mystae in an effort to gain initiation in Eleusis stemmed from probably the deepest human desire, the desire to defeat the power of death. The rites were aimed at making the participants to understand the supernatural world and to offer them the hope of eternity. The conviction that there is a supernatural reality is one of the key postulates of the beliefs under discussion. Interesting to note is that the closeness between gods and people is greater than in other pre-Christian cults. Although gods are distant and, at times, raising even fear by their ruthless actions, nevertheless the story of Ceres shows that she can be grateful to people, who have positive attitude not only to sovereignty but also to each other. The story told in an old tale was interpreted symbolically and translated with the use of allegory, which was later typical of ancient religions. Superstitiousness, believing in fortune-telling, inevitability of God’s judgments, the belief that passions are the driving force behind many actions and that love can overcome all obstacles can also be regarded as typical manifestations of piety at that time. Thus, the myth concerning the chthonic deities became the basis for an interesting religious phenomenon that allows us to understand other mystery cults and makes us more familiar with the outlook on life of many people in ancient times.

Diego I. Rosales Meana

Editorial Campgraphic, Hermes, 2013, 156 pp. ISBN: 978-84-96657-29-8.