Hasil untuk "Print media"

Szymon Makuch

In the United States, superhero comic books achieved widespread popularity in the 1930s, and during the next decades of the 20th century they grew to become one of the most important elements of American culture. Nowadays, characters like Captain America, Superman, Batman, or Spider-Man are global household names know not only from comic books but also blockbuster movies, video games, and TV or streaming series. In contrast, the availability of superhero comic books in postwar Poland was scarce. Recognised as an element of the so-called ‘American imperialism,’ the majority of cultural production from the United States was denied print in the country, and, in addition to that, comic books were widely criticised by the majority of the press and other media outlets. The medium was clearly not popular among Polish researchers as a subject of cultural or literary studies. There are, however individual examples where Polish authors tried to analyse and remark on the phenomenon of superhero comic books, or at least familiarise readers with the products of American popular culture. The main objective of this article is to reconstruct the traces of reception of comic books by Marvel and DC Comics found in Polish books and journals published between 1945 and 1989. The author attempts to portray the attitude of Polish authors towards comic books, their knowledge about the field, and assess the possible impact of their writings on readers. Another key goal is to answer the question of whether the examined sources could have had any significance for the broader reception of comic books in Poland.

Barbara Sarrionandia, Simón Peña-Fernández, Jesús Ángel Pérez Dasilva et al.

The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is presenting both technical and ethical challenges for media organisations, creating an urgent need for professional training. This study explores how media professionals in the Basque Country are equipping themselves to face these challenges. Using a mixed-method approach, it combines a survey of 504 active professionals with in-depth interviews with six innovation leaders from major regional media outlets. The findings reveal that only 14.1% of professionals have undergone AI training, mostly through self-learning. Larger, internationally focused companies are more proactive in providing training, while local and traditional media organisations show significant gaps. Technical and managerial roles are leading the way in adopting AI, whereas newsroom staff are notably behind. The study highlights the pressing need to enhance AI training, with a particular focus on ethical and technical aspects, both through in-house programmes and formal education pathways.

Abimbola Agboke, Felicia Nkatv Undie

This paper focused on the utilization of social media by library professionals and library users. It provides an understanding of social media, the most popular social media platforms utilized in the libraries. It also mentions the reasons for the adoption of social media in libraries be it academic, public, school libraries and other types of libraries. This is a review paper on the use of social media among library professionals and patrons. The findings reveal the contributions of social media to the libraries. Social media makes things easy for library professionals and library users. It enables them to connect, create awareness to new information, disseminate information instantly, and helps to market the library resources and services. Therefore, it is recommended amongst others that the library management board should encourage the use of social media in libraries.

Blaž Rodič

This study presents a review of research on social media bot detection. Social media bots are used by political and criminal actors for mass distribution of political messages, as well as rumors, conspiracy theories, and other forms of false information. Through the spread of disinformation, bots are eroding the public trust in political and media institutions and integrity of social media. We have examined recent research publication in the field of social media bot detection, including several previous reviews of bot detection research, and identified the methods used in bot detection and issues encountered by researchers. Our review was conducted through a search of 5 main bibliographical databases, which has produced a total of 534 research papers and other publications. This collection was then filtered with exclusion and inclusion criteria to isolate the most pertinent documents, resulting in a focused selection of 49 documents that were analyzed for this review. In the first part of the paper we introduce the phenomenon of fake news within social networks, its connection with social media bot activity, and conclude the introduction with issues caused or exacerbated by bots. In the main part of this paper we first present the results of statistical analysis of the reviewed documents and then introduce the field of social media bot research, followed by an overview of the issues of social media bot detection identified in the reviewed literature, including the evolution of bot concealment techniques and the methodological issues presented in some of the bot detection studies. We then proceed with an overview of the methods and results from the reviewed research papers, structured according to the main methodology used in the examined studies. Our review concludes with examination of the recent trends in social media bot development and related bot detection research.

Denis V. Tumakov

This article analyzes the materials of the central periodical press of 1992, devoted to the relationship between the federal Center and the Chechen Republic in the first year after the proclamation of the last independence. The article analyzes publications typical of content from the most authoritative and popular Russian mass media of the early 1990s, regardless of their political views. Of the greatest interest is the visit to Grozny in the autumn of 1992 by a large group of representatives of the largest electronic and print media, organized and paid for by the Government of Chechnya. The subject of interest of the capital’s journalists was the difficulties of the negotiation process between Moscow and Grozny, the difficult criminal situation in the republic, the attempts of Russian law enforcement agencies to resist Chechen crime, the alignment of political forces inside Chechnya, and the formation of its armed forces. Frequent interviews with General-President D.M. Dudaev played an important role in the perception of the republic in Russia Moscow newspapers and magazines. The press frequently cited other important figures of this regime – M. Temishev, M. Udugov and H. Akhmadov. The conclusion is made about the inconsistency of publications of Russian periodicals on the Chechen topic. On the one hand, the journalists recognized the illegality of the separatists’ coming to power and did not hide several negative consequences of this event. On the other hand, they convinced readers that any violent action by the Center in Chechnya could cause a major war in the Caucasus, and therefore called on the authorities to negotiate with Grozny and did not even protest against the recognition of the independence of the self-proclaimed republic.

Elias Le Boudec, Toma Oregel-Chaumont, Farhad Rachidi et al.

The multipole expansion can be formulated in spherical and Cartesian coordinates. By constructing an explicit map linking both formulations in isotropic media, we discover a lack of equivalence between them in anisotropic media. In isotropic media, the Cartesian multipole tensor can be reduced to a spherical tensor containing fewer independent components. In anisotropic media, however, the loss of propagation symmetry prevents this reduction. Consequently, non-harmonic sources radiate fields that can be projected onto a finite set of Cartesian multipole moments but require potentially infinitely many spherical moments. For harmonic sources, the link between the two approaches provides a systematic way to construct the spherical multipole expansion from the Cartesian one. The lack of equivalence between both approaches results in physically significant effects wherever the field propagation includes the Laplace operator. We demonstrate this issue in an electromagnetic radiation inverse problem in anisotropic media, including an analysis of a large-anisotropy regime and an introduction to vector spherical harmonics. We show that the use of the Cartesian approach increases the efficiency and interpretability of the model. The proposed approach opens the door to a broader application of the multipole expansion in anisotropic media.

Zoe Horn, Liam Magee, Anna Munster

From the deployment of chatbots as procurement negotiators by corporations such as Walmart to autonomous agents providing 'differentiated chat' for managing overbooked flights, synthetic media are making the world of logistics their 'natural' habitat. Here the coordination of commodities, parts and labour design the problems and produce the training sets from which 'solutions' can be synthesised. But to what extent might synthetic media, surfacing via proto-platforms such as MidJourney and OpenAI and apps such as Eleven Labs and D:ID, be understood as logistical media? This paper details synthetic media experiments with 'ChatFOS', a GPT-based bot tasked with developing a logistics design business. Using its prompt-generated media outputs, we assemble a simulation and parody of AI's emerging functionalities within logistical worlds. In the process, and with clunky 'human-in-the-loop' stitching, we illustrate how large language models become media routers or switches, governing production of image prompts, website code, promotional copy, and investor pitch scenarios. Together these elements become links chained together in media ensembles such as the corporate website or the promotional video, fuelling the fictive logistics visualisation company we have 'founded'. The processes and methods of producing speculative scenarios via ChatFOS lead us to consider how synthetic media might be re-positioned as logistical media. Our experiments probe the ways in which the media of logistics and the logistics of media are increasingly enfolded. We ask: what can a (practice-based) articulation of this double-becoming of logistics and synthetic mediality tell us about the politics and aesthetics of contemporary computation and capital?

Zhonghao Wang, Zijia Lu, Bo Jin et al.

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in generating high-quality text and making predictions based on large amounts of data, including the media domain. However, in practical applications, the differences between the media's use cases and the general-purpose applications of LLMs have become increasingly apparent, especially Chinese. This paper examines the unique characteristics of media-domain-specific LLMs compared to general LLMs, designed a diverse set of task instruction types to cater the specific requirements of the domain and constructed unique datasets that are tailored to the media domain. Based on these, we proposed MediaGPT, a domain-specific LLM for the Chinese media domain, training by domain-specific data and experts SFT data. By performing human experts evaluation and strong model evaluation on a validation set, this paper demonstrated that MediaGPT outperforms mainstream models on various Chinese media domain tasks and verifies the importance of domain data and domain-defined prompt types for building an effective domain-specific LLM.

K. J. Kevin Feng, Nick Ritchie, Pia Blumenthal et al.

In recent years, industry leaders and researchers have proposed to use technical provenance standards to address visual misinformation spread through digitally altered media. By adding immutable and secure provenance information such as authorship and edit date to media metadata, social media users could potentially better assess the validity of the media they encounter. However, it is unclear how end users would respond to provenance information, or how to best design provenance indicators to be understandable to laypeople. We conducted an online experiment with 595 participants from the US and UK to investigate how provenance information altered users' accuracy perceptions and trust in visual content shared on social media. We found that provenance information often lowered trust and caused users to doubt deceptive media, particularly when it revealed that the media was composited. We additionally tested conditions where the provenance information itself was shown to be incomplete or invalid, and found that these states have a significant impact on participants' accuracy perceptions and trust in media, leading them, in some cases, to disbelieve honest media. Our findings show that provenance, although enlightening, is still not a concept well-understood by users, who confuse media credibility with the orthogonal (albeit related) concept of provenance credibility. We discuss how design choices may contribute to provenance (mis)understanding, and conclude with implications for usable provenance systems, including clearer interfaces and user education.

R. Jaks, I. Baumann, S. Juvalta et al.

BackgroundDigital media are increasingly abundant and used to seek health information, however, to date very little is known on parents’ seeking behavior in the context of child’s health and development outside English-speaking and Scandinavian countries. By investigating the prevalence of, and reasons for use, we studied parents’ perception of the Internet as a resource for improving their health-related knowledge.MethodsThe survey was conducted in a random sample of 2573 Swiss-German parents with at least one child aged less-than 2 years old. Parents received a mailed invitation to fill in an online questionnaire. Two reminders were sent, the later with a paper questionnaire attached. The questionnaire included questions on use of print, digital, and personal information sources, as well as different information situations: general health and development or illness. We ran descriptive analyses on information seeking behavior, type of digital media used, reasons of use. We also conducted regression analyses to explore factors associated with parental perceptions with regard to the Internet’s utility as a source for health information.ResultsA total of 769 questionnaires were returned (response rate 30%). Nearly all parents (91%) used digital media for seeking information on their child’s health and development, and the main reason for use was indicated as being the 24/7 availability of information. Search engines (55%) and webpages for parents (47%) were by far the most frequently used digital media. Generally, the internet is perceived as a good resource, especially by fathers (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.03–3.16). However, a large percentage of parents are skeptical about the correctness of online info (91%), are unsure about their interpretive understanding, and ask for guidance from their pediatrician (67%).ConclusionsThe Internet has become a highly frequented source of information for Swiss-German parents on children’s health with largely valuable perceptions of its utility. Digital media are used in addition to and not in replacement of print media and personal contacts. Increasing parental guidance by health and public health professionals could improve parental digital health utilization and empower parents in the new role they adopt.

Diva Rohisa

The purpose of this study is to identify how Cimahi batik is a form of cultural identity. So that the younger generation, especially the people of Cimahi City, can know and appreciate the form of cultural heritage in the form of one of the city's identities. The research method used is a qualitative method by analyzing the data found. This study uses a literature/library study approach in which the data comes from various literatures, both in print and electronic media related to cultural identity in the form of urban batik in the view of anthropology. This is motivated by the swift currents of globalization which can cause cultural shifts. Even the cultural identity of an area can be lost if it is not preserved. So this research is expected to increase the sense of respect and pride in the existing cultural identity.

Haozhe Sun, Wei-Wei Tu, Isabelle Guyon

We introduce OmniPrint, a synthetic data generator of isolated printed characters, geared toward machine learning research. It draws inspiration from famous datasets such as MNIST, SVHN and Omniglot, but offers the capability of generating a wide variety of printed characters from various languages, fonts and styles, with customized distortions. We include 935 fonts from 27 scripts and many types of distortions. As a proof of concept, we show various use cases, including an example of meta-learning dataset designed for the upcoming MetaDL NeurIPS 2021 competition. OmniPrint is available at https://github.com/SunHaozhe/OmniPrint.

Anukriti Kumar, Tanuja Ganu, Saikat Guha

Printed documents continue to be a challenge for blind, low-vision, and other print-disabled (BLV) individuals. In this paper, we focus on the specific problem of (in-)accessibility of internal references to citations, footnotes, figures, tables and equations. While sighted users can flip to the referenced content and flip back in seconds, linear audio narration that BLV individuals rely on makes following these references extremely hard. We propose a vision based technique to locate the referenced content and extract metadata needed to (in subsequent work) inline a content summary into the audio narration. We apply our technique to citations in scientific documents and find it works well both on born-digital as well as scanned documents.

J. Kleinberg

Apostolos Filippas, John Horton

We model social media as collections of users producing and consuming content. Users value consuming content, but doing so uses up their scarce attention, and hence they prefer content produced by more able users. Users also value receiving attention, creating the incentive to attract an audience by producing valuable content, but also through attention bartering -- users agree to become each others' audience. Attention bartering can profoundly affect the patterns of production and consumption on social media, explains key features of social media behavior and platform decision-making, and yields sharp predictions that are consistent with data we collect from EconTwitter.

Uljad Berdica, Yuewei Fu, Yuchen Liu et al.

The system design and algorithm development of mobile 3D printing robots need a realistic simulation. They require a mobile robot simulation platform to interoperate with a physics-based material simulation for handling interactions between the time-variant deformable 3D printing materials and other simulated rigid bodies in the environment, which is not available for roboticists yet. To bridge this gap and enable the real-time simulation of mobile 3D printing processes, we develop a simulation framework that includes particle-based viscoelastic fluid simulation and particle-to-mesh conversion in the widely adopted Gazebo robotics simulator, avoiding the bottlenecks of traditional additive manufacturing simulation approaches. This framework is the first of its kind that enables the simulation of robot arms or mobile manipulators together with viscoelastic fluids. The method is tested using various material properties and multiple collaborating robots to demonstrate its simulation ability for the robots to plan and control the printhead trajectories and to visually sense at the same time the printed fluid materials as a free-form mesh. The scalability as a function of available material particles in the simulation was also studied. A simulation with an average of 5 FPS was achieved on a regular desktop computer.

Lukas Brand, Moritz Garkisch, Sebastian Lotter et al.

In conventional molecular communication (MC) systems, the signaling molecules used for information transmission are stored, released, and then replenished by a transmitter (TX). However, the replenishment of signaling molecules at the TX is challenging in practice. Furthermore, in most envisioned MC applications, e.g., in the medical field, it is not desirable to insert the TX into the MC system, as this might impair natural biological processes. In this paper, we propose the concept of media modulation based MC where the TX is placed outside the channel and utilizes signaling molecules already existing inside the system. We consider signaling molecules that can be in different states which can be switched by external stimuli. Hence, in media modulation based MC, for information transmission, the TX stimulates the signaling molecules to encode information into their state. In particular, we elaborate media modulation for the group of photochromic molecules, which undergo light-induced reversible transformations, and study the usage of these molecules for information transmission in a three-dimensional duct system. We develop a statistical model for the received signal which depends on the distribution of the signaling molecules in the system, the reliability of the state control mechanism, and the randomness of molecule propagation. Furthermore, we analyze the performance of media modulation based MC in terms of the bit error rate (BER). We show that media modulation enables reliable information transmission, which renders a TX inside the channel unnecessary.

Shahid Alam, Juvariya Khan

The Ubiquitous nature of smartphones has significantly increased the use of social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, and LinkedIn, etc., among the public, government, and businesses. Facebook generated ~70 billion USD in 2019 in advertisement revenues alone, a ~27% increase from the previous year. Social media has also played a strong role in outbreaks of social protests responsible for political changes in different countries. As we can see from the above examples, social media plays a big role in business intelligence and international politics. In this paper, we present and discuss a high-level functional intelligence model (recipe) of Social Media Analysis (SMA). This model synthesizes the input data and uses operational intelligence to provide actionable recommendations. In addition, it also matches the synthesized function of the experiences and learning gained from the environment. The SMA model presented is independent of the application domain, and can be applied to different domains, such as Education, Healthcare and Government, etc. Finally, we also present some of the challenges faced by SMA and how the SMA model presented in this paper solves them.

Руслан Любомирович Тріщук

Встановлено, що одним з найбільш важливих показників інтегральної обкладинки з широкими клапанами є контурна стабільність, яка характеризується відхиленням зовнішніх контурів від прямокутної побудови. Цей параметр формується під час проходження заготовки обкладинки через механізм координувально-транспортувального блоку лінії для виготовлення інтегральних обкладинок. Зазначений показник залежить як від витратних матеріалів (папір, картон-хромерзац, клей, термоклей), так і від тиражу, а також від геометричних і фізико-механічних параметрів деталей координувально-транспортувального блоку, які контактують з обкладинкою. Розроблено узагальнену логічну схему в параметричному вигляді моделювання процесів технологічного забезпечення контурної стабільності обкладинок та якості й експлуатаційних властивостей деталей координувально-транспортувального блоку лінії для виготовлення інтегральних обкладинок з широкими клапанами. Така схема дозволяє встановити взаємозв’язок між режимами комплексної технології оздоблювально-зміцнювальної обробки, геометричними і фізико-механічними параметрами поверхні циліндричних деталей координувально-транспортувального блоку лінії для виготовлення інтегральних обкладинок з широкими клапанами, визначити їх вплив на експлуатаційні характеристики поліграфічного обладнання та якість готової продукції. Підвищення показників якості обкладинок характеризується істотним зменшенням відсотку їх відбракування залежно від накладу після застосування комплексного технологічного процесу оздоблювально-зміцнювальної обробки. Застосування узагальненої логічної схеми моделювання процесів технологічного забезпечення контурної стабільності обкладинок та експлуатаційних властивостей циліндричних деталей координувально-транспортувального блоку лінії для виготовлення інтегральних обкладинок з широкими клапанами є доцільним при комплексній обробці як деталей лінії з виготовлення обкладинок, так для циліндричних рухомих деталей іншого поліграфічного обладнання (машин для флексографічного друку та ін.).

Khalid Ahmed, Anila Tariq, Arfan Akram

This study explored the objectification of women in Pakistani advertisements of print and electronic media. The objectification and presentation of women in the advertisements of the western world has been extensively studied but this area lacks research in Pakistan. Semiotic analysis was used as the research tool in order to explore how multiple meanings and beliefs are built in a society by advertising sex. In this research, five advertisements from different Pakistani TV channels and newspapers were selected as sample. These commercials were selected because they presented women in a specific way. For analysis, Barthian semiotic analysis on two levels of significance, that is, the denotative and connotative levels, was employed. The findings of this paper revealed that advertisements in Pakistan focus on the physical appearance and depiction of women body.