Modern philosophy finds it difficult to give a satisfactory picture of the place of minds in the world. In "Mind and World", based on the 1991 John Locke Lectures, John McDowell offers his diagnosis of this difficulty and points to a cure. He illustrates a major problem of modern philosophy - the insidious persistence of dualism - in his discussion of empirical thought. Much as we would like to conceive empirical thought as rationally grounded in experience, pitfalls await anyone who tries to articulate this position, and McDowell exposes these traps by exploiting the work of contemporary philosophers from Wilfrid Sellars to Donald Davidson. These difficulties, he contends, reflect an understandable - but surmountable - failure to see how we might integrate what Sellars calls "the logical space of reasons" into the natural world. What underlies this impasse is a conception of nature that has certain attractions for the modern age, a conception that McDowell proposes to put aside, thus circumventing these philosophical difficulties. By returning to a pre-modern conception of nature but retaining the intellectual advance of modernity that has mistakenly been viewed as dislodging it, he makes room for a fully satisfying conception of experience as a rational openness to independent reality. This approach also overcomes other obstacles that impede a generally satisfying understanding of how we are placed in the world.
The three essays collected in this book offer a succinct introduction to Agamben's recent work through an investigation of Foucault's notion of the apparatus, a meditation on the intimate link of philosophy to friendship, and a reflection on contemporariness, or the singular relation one may have to one's own time. "Apparatus" (dispositif in French) is at once a most ubiquitous and nebulous concept in Foucault's later thought. In a text bearing the same name ("What is a dispositif?") Deleuze managed to contribute its mystification, but Agamben's leading essay illuminates the notion: "I will call an apparatus," he writes, "literally anything that has in some way the capacity to capture, orient, determine, intercept, model, control, or secure the gestures, behaviors, opinions, or discourses of living beings." Seen from this perspective, Agamben's work, like Foucault's, may be described as the identification and investigation of apparatuses, together with incessant attempts to find new ways to dismantle them. Though philosophy contains the notion of philos, or friend, in its very name, philosophers tend to be very skeptical about friendship. In his second essay, Agamben tries to dispel this skepticism by showing that at the heart of friendship and philosophy, but also at the core of politics, lies the same experience: the shared sensation of being. Guided by the question, "What does it mean to be contemporary?" Agamben begins the third essay with a reading of Nietzsche's philosophy and Mandelstam's poetry, proceeding from these to an exploration of such diverse fields as fashion, neurophysiology, messianism and astrophysics.
Women’s rights in Islam are often debated and frequently misunderstood due to cultural practices and selective interpretations. This paper examines the historical evolution of women’s rights in Islam from pre-Islamic Arabia to modern times. It aims to show how Islamic teachings brought significant reforms in the social, legal, and moral status of women. Before Islam, women faced severe discrimination, denial of inheritance, and lack of personal choice. Islam addressed these injustices by granting women rights to inheritance, consent in marriage, education, religious responsibility, and participation in social life. The study also highlights the important contributions of Muslim women scholars, jurists, and educators during the prophetic and medieval periods. In addition, the paper briefly discusses Muslim feminism and contrasts it with Western feminist thought to clarify key ideological differences. Based on Qur’anic teachings, Hadith, and historical evidence, the paper argues that Islam fundamentally supports dignity, justice, and equity for women. The study concludes that many contemporary challenges faced by Muslim women arise from cultural misuse of religion rather than Islamic principles themselves. Understanding Islam through authentic sources is essential for an accurate view of women’s rights.
Dolazak Družbe sestara milosrdnica sv. Vinka Paulskog na naše prostore označio je početak pružanja organizirane skrbi bolesnima i potrebitima, ali i podizanja stupnja obrazovanja prvenstveno ženske populacije. Osnivanjem brojnih odgojno-obrazovnih i zdravstveno-karitativnih ustanova na području jugoistočne Europe, sve do kraja Drugoga svjetskog rata, sestre milosrdnice su imale važnu i vodeću ulogu u promicanju i realizaciji svoje misije. U Karlovcu su do sredine 19. stoljeća skrb za bolesne i potrebite pružali vojni liječnici, franjevci i priučeno osoblje. Izgradnja Gradske javne bolnice 1846. godine označava važan korak u razvoju zdravstvene skrbi u Karlovcu. U bolnici su uz liječnike radile sestre milosrdnice sv. Vinka Paulskog i priučeno osoblje. Svrha je ovoga rada istražiti doprinos i djelokrug rada Družbe sestara milosrdnica sv. Vinka Paulskog u Gradskoj javnoj bolnici u Karlovcu u razdoblju od 1. travnja 1888. do 12. listopada 1978. godine.
En este ensayo, quisiera proponer una reflexión inicial sobre la significativa convergencia entre el iusfeminismo y el pacifismo jurídico en la crítica a la guerra. En primer lugar, mencionaré brevemente algunas consideraciones sobre el iusfeminismo como matriz constitutiva de las teorías críticas del derecho; posteriormente, intentaré analizar la naturaleza del pacifismo jurídico como una teoría crítica del Derecho. A continuación, tras precisar por qué el iusfeminismo y el pacifismo jurídico deben entenderse como “saberes inéditos”, me detendré, de forma esquemática, en el análisis de su convergencia metodológica, teórica y temática.
Today, due to the corrupt sequence of gender discriminatory views, their criticism has a special importance. Our hypothesis in this article is to prove the generality and prevalence of this gender view in the reasons of polygamy. It seems that the criticism and explanation of these reasons based on human nature and social interests with gender justice is more compatible. In this research, adherence to the verses related to the goals of marriage as a confirmation of the writers' point of view in the interpretation of the Qur'an, the third verse of Surah Al-Nisa is referred, for the first time. This article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical method and by using library and internet resources, shows that the most limited and at the same time the most gendered views in the reasons of polygamy are experimental approaches, especially medical and psychological approaches.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap burnout pada perawat di Surabaya dengan coronavirus anxiety sebagai variabel mediator. Profesi keperawatan lebih banyak mengalami tekanan kerja dan burnout dibandingkan dengan profesi kesehatan lainnya. Selain itu, perawat juga dapat mengalami kecemasan selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Mengoptimalkan kecerdasan emosional merupakan faktor kunci yang dapat mengurangi tingkat kecemasan dan burnout. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini merupakan perawat di Kota Surabaya dengan total sebanyak 77 perawat. Alat ukur yang digunakan yaitu Maslach Burnout Inventory, Assessing Emotions Scale, dan Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Analisis data menggunakan uji mediasi dengan metode PROCESS by Andrew F. Hayes. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan nilai pengaruh secara tidak langsung sebesar -0,1229. Hasil tersebut menunjukan adanya peran mediasi dari coronavirus anxiety yang secara tidak langsung mengendalikan pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap burnout dan peran mediasi bersifat parsial.
Parveen Kumar, Vishal Kanaiyalal Patel, Renish Bhupenderbhai Bhatt
et al.
Background: There are mixed views on categorizing pornography as addiction or as a sexual compulsivity or a subset of hypersexual behavior. Due to rise in the Internet access and technologies, the possibilities of conduit for sexual interactions, online pornography, and other type of repetitive behaviors have increased. Aims: The current study aimed to find the prevalence of problematic pornography use and attitude toward pornography. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,050 undergraduate medical students to assess the prevalence of pornography addiction and attitude toward pornography. A Google document containing structured questionnaire in 3 different parts: (a) demographic details of students, (b) Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale, and (c) attitudes toward pornography scale. This Google document was shared with all the undergraduate students through email address and WhatsApp group. Participants who did not respond to the questionnaire were sent 3 reminders at a gap of 3 days. The responses were recorded in Excel sheet and analyzed using Epi-Info software. Results: Prevalence of problematic pornography use among participants was 12.5%. There was statistically high prevalence of problematic pornography use among male participants ( P < .001), nearly daily consumption of pornography per week ( P < .001) and more than 20 min of consumption per day ( P <.001). A statistical significant negative correlation was shown (r = −0.483, P < .001) between age of first exposure to pornography and problematic pornography consumption score. Males, being in a relationship, and those with problematic pornography use had higher score on attitude toward pornography scale. Conclusion: It is important to provide education to students about the effects of problematic pornography use because there is negative correlation between exposure to pornographic imagery on the Internet and levels of genital and sexual esteem; pornography use was associated with poor quality of life, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Gender-specific discussions so as to promote sexual health and participation in media literacy education would be beneficial for young people in changing attitude toward pornography.
Promovendo uma releitura de L’aperto: l’uomo e l’animale de Giorgio Agamben, o presente artigo tem a dupla intenção de expor a máquina antropológica que opera clássica e modernamente a antropogênese e de apresentar aspectos da filosofia indígena (a filosofia produzida e expressada por ameríndios brasileiros) que orientam a relação entre o homem e o animal, bem como entre o humano e animalidade, em contraste. Arriscamos empregar a expressão filosofia indígena, conscientes de que ela pode ser mal recebida, embora tenha o texto uma implícita defesa dessa possibilidade. Entre os interlocutores indígenas, visitamos Gersem Baniwa, Daniel Munduruku e Davi Kopenawa, entre outros. Se o contemporâneo está absolutamente presente e cativa a nossa atenção com as luzes e obscuridades, nada pode ser mais contemporâneo do que o esforço de ampliar os nossos horizontes epistemológicos.
Franziska Cohen, Juliane Schünke, Eric Vogel
et al.
When they enter primary school children already vary significantly in their language skills, depending at least in part on their family’s social background. In particular, the home learning environment plays a significant role in children’s development. For that reason, early intervention programs have been developed to obviate learning difficulties and to promote health, children’s development, and educational equality. The family support program Chancenreich aims to encourage the interaction and relationship between parents and children through two different course formats. The present study examines the longitudinal effects of attending the Chancenreich program and different course formats on (a) parents attending further educational services for children after completing the program, (b) children’s vocabulary and level of grammar development at the age of 5 and (c) the children’s vocabulary development between the ages of 3 and 5. Furthermore, we examine the relationship between family characteristics and the attendance rates of different course formats of the Chancenreich program at the first and second point of measurement. The study follows a longitudinal design with two points of measurements (T1: Mage = 41 months, T2: Mage = 68 months), and a sample size of 121 parents and their children at T2 in the intervention group and 41 parents and their children in the comparison group. Findings indicate that attendance of the Chancenreich program’s courses is related to child and family characteristics and to later patterns of course participation after completing the program. Further, both children’s level of vocabulary skills (PPVT) at the age of 5 and their development between the ages of 3 and 5 benefit from the parental participation in parenting skills training at the age of 3. Implications and future research on the effectiveness of family support programs are discussed.
Irina F. Sibgatullina, Elena E. Merzon, Arthuro Seibgll
The article discusses the social and psychological aspects of the digital environment and their impact on talent management systems. It also discusses the current shift in the labour market and offers a new perspective on self-development and mentoring. The development of the digital environment does not only have positive, but also negative consequences. Social inequality will increase, bringing forth multiple psychological problems connected with the lack of opportunity for selffulfilment and realization of one’s personal talent. In these conditions, it is the type of work that cannot be codified that will provide the best opportunity for talent preservation. The value of human capital, creativity and mindfulness is increasing. In the digital environment, lifelong education becomes essential. The introduction of state of the art digital teaching methods will require cultural and psychological transformation from both teachers and students. The digital environment will require a new approach to self-development. It is highly important for the mental well-being of a person of the digital age to have a flexible development schedule. Informal education, however, will be able to balance the general need for knowledge pertinent to digital economy with preserving individual mental well-being. The authors propose a discussion around the concept of informal education that goes beyond the realm of robotic substitution and digital footprint.
Johan Bertilsson, Johan Bertilsson, Diederick C. Niehorster
et al.
Police work may include performing repeated tasks under the influence of psychological stress, which can affect perceptual, cognitive and motor performance. However, it is largely unknown how repeatedly performing stressful tasks physically affect police officers in terms of heart rate and pupil diameter properties. Psychological stress is commonly assessed by monitoring the changes in these biomarkers. Heart rate and pupil diameter was measured in 12 male police officers when performing a sequence of four stressful tasks, each lasting between 20 and 130 s. The participants were first placed in a dimly illuminated anteroom before allowed to enter a brightly lit room where a scenario was played out. After each task was performed, the participants returned to the anteroom for about 30 s before performing the next sequential task. Performing a repeated sequence of stressful tasks caused a significant increase in heart rate (p = 0.005). The heart rate started to increase already before entering the scenario room and was significantly larger just after starting the task than just before starting the task (p < 0.001). This pattern was more marked during the first tasks (p < 0.001). Issuance of a verbal “abort” command which terminated the tasks led to a significant increase of heart rate (p = 0.002), especially when performing the first tasks (p = 0.002). The pupil diameter changed significantly during the repeated tasks during all phases but in a complex pattern where the pupil diameter reached a minimum during task 2 followed by an increase during tasks 3 and 4 (p ≤ 0.020). During the initial tasks, the pupil size (p = 0.014) increased significantly. The results suggest that being repeatedly exposed to stressful tasks can produce in itself an escalation of psychological stress, this even prior to being exposed to the task. However, the characteristics of both the heart rate and pupil diameter were complex, thus, the findings highlight the importance of studying the effects and dynamics of different stress-generating factors. Monitoring heart rate was found useful to screen for stress responses, and thus, to be a vehicle for indication if and when rotation of deployed personnel is necessary to avoid sustained high stress exposures.
In his Bibliographia politica (Venice 1633) Naudé reviews in about one hundred pages authors and works that have dealt with politics, from the Antiquity to the first decades of the Seventeenth Century. In few enlightened pages on the ordinary and extraordinary administration of the State, Naudé elaborates his own idea of Reason of State, including the use of an extraordinary administration in the name of the public benefit. We can find a continuity between his Bibliographia politica and his Considérations politiques sur les coups d’Estat (1639). In both his political works Naudé gives to the category of wisdom, derived from Aristotle, a new practical and political value, which goes back to authors such as Machiavelli or Cardano, Lipsius or Charron. Naudé’s political wisdom uses dissimulation and any form of justice, also against common law, to act in extraordinary administration of the State or to carry out “coups d’État.”