Fabián Caro-Pérez, María Pilar García del Moral, Álvaro Restuccia
Higher-Form Symmetries (HFS) of a closed bosonic M2-brane formulated on a compactified target space $\mathcal{M}_9 \times T^2$ are investigated. We show that there is an obstruction to the gauging of these global symmetries in the presence of background fields, a mixed 't~Hooft anomaly. Its cancellation is obtained by the inflow term constructed in terms of gauge fields which are flat connections on a $U(1)$-principal bundle and a torsion $\mathcal{G}_1^{\nabla_c}$-gerbe on the M2-brane worldvolume. The effect of these gauge structures together with non trivial \textit{winding} embedding maps ensures the breaking of the continuous HFS $U(1)$ symmetry to a discrete subgroup and a worldvolume flux condition on the M2-brane. A Wilson surface, identified with the holonomy Hol$_\nabla$ one of the Gerbe structures, the flat $\mathcal{G}_1^{\nabla_c}$-gerbe, is naturally introduced as the topological operator characterizing the M2-brane. The resulting topological operators realize discrete symmetries associated with the \textit{winding} and the flux/\textit{monopole} sectors, and their operator algebra is well-defined: the \textit{monopole} operator acts non trivially on a \textit{vortex-dressed} operator, while the winding operator acts on the pullback of the Wilson surface.
We hope, too, that these five articles and the issue as a whole spur further analysis of Pope Francis’s generative concept of political love. What theological and theoretical commitments distinguish his vision from others? What other concrete practices instantiate political love in other social, economic, and political relationships, both macro and micro? Where, particularly, are we called to embody Christoform political love in our current moment—what would it look like and what would it take to make it real?
Javier Oliva del Moral, Antonio deMarti iOlius, Gerard Vidal
et al.
The machinery of industrial environments was connected to the Internet years ago with the scope of increasing their performance. However, this change made such environments vulnerable against cyber-attacks that can compromise their correct functioning resulting in economic or social problems. Moreover, implementing cryptosystems in the communications between operational technology (OT) devices is a more challenging task than for information technology (IT) environments since the OT networks are generally composed of legacy elements, characterized by low-computational capabilities. Consequently, implementing cryptosystems in industrial communication networks faces a trade-off between the security of the communications and the amortization of the industrial infrastructure. Critical Infrastructure (CI) refers to the industries which provide key resources for the daily social and economical development, e.g. electricity. Furthermore, a new threat to cybersecurity has arisen with the theoretical proposal of quantum computers, due to their potential ability of breaking state-of-the-art cryptography protocols, such as RSA or ECC. Many global agents have become aware that transitioning their secure communications to a quantum secure paradigm is a priority that should be established before the arrival of fault-tolerance. In this paper, we aim to describe the problematic of implementing post-quantum cryptography (PQC) to CI environments. For doing so, we describe the requirements for these scenarios and how they differ against IT. We also introduce classical cryptography and how quantum computers pose a threat to such security protocols. Furthermore, we introduce state-of-the-art proposals of PQC protocols and present their characteristics. We conclude by discussing the problematic of integrating PQC in industrial environments.
F. Caro-Perez, M. P. Garcia del Moral, A. Restuccia
Higher Forms Symmetries (HFS) of a closed bosonic M2-brane theory formulated on a compactified target space $\mathcal{M}_9 \times T^2$ are obtained. We show that the cancellation of the 't Hooft anomaly present in the theory is related to a 3-form flux with $\mathcal{G}_1^{\nabla}$-gerbe structure associated to the world-volume flux quantization condition. A Wilson surface is naturally introduced on the topological operator that characterize the holonomy of the M2-brane. The projection of the flux quantization condition inherited from the gerbe structure onto the spatial part of the worldvolume, leads to a flux quantization on the M2-brane. The topological operators realise discrete symmetries associated with the winding and the flux/monopole condition. The algebra of operators is well defined.
In this paper, we tackle the issue of moral hazard within the realm of the vehicular Metaverse. A pivotal facilitator of the vehicular Metaverse is the effective orchestration of its market elements, primarily comprised of sensing internet of things (SIoT) devices. These SIoT devices play a critical role by furnishing the virtual service provider (VSP) with real-time sensing data, allowing for the faithful replication of the physical environment within the virtual realm. However, SIoT devices with intentional misbehavior can identify a loophole in the system post-payment and proceeds to deliver falsified content, which cause the whole vehicular Metaverse to collapse. To combat this significant problem, we propose an incentive mechanism centered around a reputation-based strategy. Specifically, the concept involves maintaining reputation scores for participants based on their interactions with the VSP. These scores are derived from feedback received by the VSP from Metaverse users regarding the content delivered by the VSP and are managed using a subjective logic model. Nevertheless, to prevent ``good" SIoT devices with false positive ratings to leave the Metaverse market, we build a vanishing-like system of previous ratings so that the VSP can make informed decisions based on the most recent and accurate data available. Finally, we validate our proposed model through extensive simulations. Our primary results show that our mechanism can efficiently prevent malicious devices from starting their poisoning attacks. At the same time, trustworthy SIoT devices that had a previous miss-classification are not banned from the market.
Zamsiswaya Zamsiswaya, Abdelaziz Ibrahim Mounadil, Sara Abdel-Latief
A project-based learning method is required to develop students' scientific thinking in akidah akhlak (moral theology). This study employed a phenomenological approach to investigate whether and to what extent identity processes and Islamic behavior are developing project-based learning methods for madrasah aliyah teachers of moral theology. It involved twenty moral theology teachers and in-depth interviews to reveal the narrative of teachers' practice in using project-based learning methods. Thematic analysis of twenty teachers' two-group interviews showed that teachers' personal beliefs provided a religiously motivated narrative framework that aided in interpreting one's experiences. Individual Islamic behavior, religiosity, and identity creativity play a role in developing project-based learning methods for moral theology. In addition to attributing creativity from a God-given personality to learning in moral theology, the primary bond in developing project-based learning methods is the application of Islamic principles and Islamic behavior. Following the learning of moral theology, students' identities, Islamic behavior, and scientific thinking, the use of project-based learning methods by madrasah teachers experienced a significant increase in quality. Finally, the findings of this exploratory study indicate that Islamic behavior and personal identity can enhance project-based learning methods. Large-scale research could provide more evidence to reconsider the role of religious education in teacher training as an essential factor in developing project-based learning methods for moral theology teachers.
The prevailing discourse around AI ethics lacks the language and formalism necessary to capture the diverse ethical concerns that emerge when AI systems interact with individuals. Drawing on Sen and Nussbaum's capability approach, we present a framework formalizing a network of ethical concepts and entitlements necessary for AI systems to confer meaningful benefit or assistance to stakeholders. Such systems enhance stakeholders' ability to advance their life plans and well-being while upholding their fundamental rights. We characterize two necessary conditions for morally permissible interactions between AI systems and those impacted by their functioning, and two sufficient conditions for realizing the ideal of meaningful benefit. We then contrast this ideal with several salient failure modes, namely, forms of social interactions that constitute unjustified paternalism, coercion, deception, exploitation and domination. The proliferation of incidents involving AI in high-stakes domains underscores the gravity of these issues and the imperative to take an ethics-led approach to AI systems from their inception.
Benjamin Lange, Geoff Keeling, Amanda McCroskery
et al.
We propose a "Moral Imagination" methodology to facilitate a culture of responsible innovation for engineering and product teams in technology companies. Our approach has been operationalized over the past two years at Google, where we have conducted over 50 workshops with teams across the organization. We argue that our approach is a crucial complement to existing formal and informal initiatives for fostering a culture of ethical awareness, deliberation, and decision-making in technology design such as company principles, ethics and privacy review procedures, and compliance controls. We characterize some of the distinctive benefits of our methodology for the technology sector in particular.
Rafael A. Moral, Rishabh Vishwakarma, John Connolly
et al.
BEF studies aim to understand how ecosystems respond to a gradient of species diversity. Diversity-Interactions (DI) models are suitable for analysing the BEF relationship. These models relate an ecosystem function response of a community to the identity of the species in the community, their evenness (proportions) and interactions. The number of species in the community (richness) is also implicitly modelled through this approach. It is common in BEF studies to model an ecosystem function as a function of richness; while this can uncover trends in the BEF relationship, by definition, species diversity is much broader than richness alone, and important patterns in the BEF relationship may remain hidden. In this paper, we introduce the DImodels R package for implementing DI models. We also compare DI models to traditional modelling approaches to highlight the advantages of using a multi-dimensional definition of species diversity. We show that using DI models can lead to considerably improved model fit over other methods; it does this by incorporating variation due to the multiple facets of species diversity. Predicting from a DI model is not limited to the study design points, the model can extrapolate to predict for any species composition and proportions (assuming there is sufficient coverage of this space in the study design). Expressing the BEF relationship as a function of richness alone can be useful to capture overall trends. However, collapsing the multiple dimensions of species diversity to a single dimension (such as richness) can result in valuable ecological information being lost. DI modelling provides a framework to test the multiple components of species diversity in the BEF relationship. It facilitates uncovering a deeper ecological understanding of the BEF relationship and can lead to enhanced inference.
Pablo del Moral, Slawomir Nowaczyk, Anita Sant'Anna
et al.
Using hierarchies of classes is one of the standard methods to solve multi-class classification problems. In the literature, selecting the right hierarchy is considered to play a key role in improving classification performance. Although different methods have been proposed, there is still a lack of understanding of what makes one method to extract hierarchies perform better or worse. To this effect, we analyze and compare some of the most popular approaches to extracting hierarchies. We identify some common pitfalls that may lead practitioners to make misleading conclusions about their methods. In addition, to address some of these problems, we demonstrate that using random hierarchies is an appropriate benchmark to assess how the hierarchy's quality affects the classification performance. In particular, we show how the hierarchy's quality can become irrelevant depending on the experimental setup: when using powerful enough classifiers, the final performance is not affected by the quality of the hierarchy. We also show how comparing the effect of the hierarchies against non-hierarchical approaches might incorrectly indicate their superiority. Our results confirm that datasets with a high number of classes generally present complex structures in how these classes relate to each other. In these datasets, the right hierarchy can dramatically improve classification performance.
Opsomming
Gedurende sy vaste ampstermyn (1974–2010) as sangdosent by die Skool vir Musiek van die Potchefstroomse Universiteit vir Christelike Hoër Onderwys – sedert 2004 bekend as die Noordwes-Universiteit (Potchefstroomkampus) – is Werner Nel verantwoordelik vir die tegniese ontwikkeling wat sangstudente sou benodig om vokale kunsmusiek in die Europese tradisie uit te voer. Hierdie artikel ondersoek die stemtegniese beginsels wat Nel gebruik het om sy studente op te lei, met spesiale verwysing na die sentrale en kennelik moeilike begrip appoggio. Laasgenoemde is ?n kernbelangrike stemtegniese en -estetiese ideaal van die bel canto sangtegniek en dit word gevolglik in hierdie artikel as vertrekpunt gebruik om Nel se onderrigmetodes, onderrigbeginsels of opvoedkundige benadering rakende effektiewe asemhaling vir esteties bevredigende klankproduksie in oënskou te neem. Die metodes van data-insameling vir hierdie enkele, beskrywende gevallestudie sluit beide ?n tradisionele en sistematiese literatuuroorsig van die bel canto sangtegniek in, sommige van Nel se handgeskrewe en getikte dokumente, asook semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met Nel en geselekteerde deelnemers wat by hom gestudeer het en wat huidig professioneel werk as sangers en pedagoë.
Abstract
During his fixed tenure (1974–2010) as singing lecturer at the School for Music of the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education – known as the North-West University (Potchefstroom campus) since 2004 – Werner Nel was responsible for the technical development that singing students would need to perform vocal art music in the European tradition. This article investigates the voice-technical principles that Nel used to teach his students, with special reference to the fundamental and admittedly difficult concept appoggio. The latter is a voice-technical and aesthetic ideal of core importance for the bel canto singing technique and accordingly it is used in this article as a point of departure to examine Nel’s teaching methods, teaching principles or educational approach concerning effective breathing for aesthetically pleasing sound production. The methods of data collection for this single, descriptive case study includes both a traditional and systematic literature overview of the bel canto singing technique, some of Nel’s handwritten and typed documents, as well as semi-structured interviews with Nel and selected participants who studied with him and who currently work professionally as singers and pedagogues.
https://doi.org/10.19108/KOERS.86.1.2517
Since the 2011 “Dear Colleague” letter from the Obama administration transformed understanding of Title IX, universities have sought to respond to develop disciplinary procedures for cases of sexual assault and programming to educate students about sexual violence. However, these efforts have been unable to prevent sexual assault on campus. Instead, a robust understanding of the moral responsibility of universities, in particular Catholic universities, must look to the cultural factors that foster participation in the hookup and party culture that constitutes campus rape culture, as well as the features within this culture that gives rise to sexual assault.
Dharma, Hinduizm’in en önemli kavramlarından biridir. Sözlükte “tutmak, kaldırmak, sürdürmek” anlamlarına gelen dhṛ kökü ve bu kökten türetilen dharma, bir kavram olarak ele alınmıştır. Böylece onun anlam çeşitliliğine değinilmiştir. Ayrıca purusha ve artha kelimelerinden oluşan purushārtha (Hindu hayatının dört temel gayesi) kavramı tetkik edilip onun hangi kavramları karşıladığı ele alınmıştır. Purushārthaların trivarga ya da çaturvarga olarak tanımlanmasının kritiği yapılmış; tarihi ve felsefi açıdan öneminin ne olduğu tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca purushārthaların varna (sınıf/kast) ve aşramalar (dört aşama) ile bağlantısı da araştırılmış; kast sisteminde kast üyelerinin hangi purushārtha emrini yerine getirmesi gerektiği bilgisine değinilmiştir. Aşramalar içerisinde kişinin hangi purushārthayı ön plana çıkarması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır.
Öz (150-250 kelVAHİY ve İLHAM BAĞLAMINDA
HANEFÎ-MÂTÜRÎDÎ KELÂM SİSTEMİNİN TASAVVUFLA İLİŞKİSİ
Özet
Modern zamanlarda Hanefî-Mâtürîdî kelâm sistemi ilham
konusundaki ihtiyatlı tavrından dolayı genellikle tasavvuf karşıtı ya da tasavvufa
karşı mesafeli olarak algılanmıştır. Ancak gerek Mâtürîdî gerekse
Hanefî-Mâtürîdî kelâmcıları eserlerinde ilham konusunu geniş bir anlam
yelpazesinde sunarak, ilhamın varlığını kabul etmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte
ilhamı objektif bir bilgi kaynağı olarak kabul etmemişlerdir. Ancak Mâverâünnehir
coğrafyasında etkili olan sûfîlerin de Hanefî-Mâtürîdî kelâmcılarının ilhamın
bağlayıcılığı ve objektif bilgi kaynağı olmadığı yönündeki düşüncelerine
paralel bir anlayış içerisinde oldukları görülmektedir. Ayrıca Hanefî-Mâtürîdî kelâm
sisteminin ilham konusundaki eleştirilerinin asıl hedefinin tasavvuf ve sûfîler
olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Tasavvuf içinde onların eleştirilerini haklı
çıkaracak şekilde bir düşünce içine giren bazı sûfîler olsa da, bu eleştirilerin
hedefinin Şiî-Bâtınî fırkalar olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu makalede başta
Mâtürîdî olmak üzere Hanefî-Mâtürîdî kelamcılarının ilham kavramına
yükledikleri anlam ve ilhamın bilgi değeri, vahiyle irtibatlı bir şekilde
incelenecektir. Bununla birlikte Hanefî-Mâtürîdî kültür havzasında varlık
gösteren sûfîler ile Şiî-Bâtınî akımların konuyla ilgili değerlendirmelerine
yer verilmek suretiyle Hanefî-Mâtürîdî kelamcılarının ilham konusundaki
tavırlarının sebepleri incelenecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hanefî-Mâtürîdî,
vahiy, ilham, tasavvuf.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HANAFĪ- MĀTURĪDĪ KALAM SYSTEM AND SUFISM IN THE
CONTEXT OF REVELATION AND INSPIRATION
Abstract
In modern times, the Hanafī- Māturīdī kalam system was
generally perceived as anti-Sufi or distant from Sufism because of its cautious
attitude towards inspiration. However, both Māturīdī and Hanafī-Māturīdī theorists
have accepted the existence of inspiration by presenting the subject of inspiration
in a wide range of meanings in their works. However, they did not accept
inspiration as an objective source of information. However, Sufis who are
influential in the geography of Maveraunnehir also have a parallel
understanding of the Hanafī-Māturīdī
theorists thought that inspiration is not a binding and objective source of
information. It is also understood that the main target of the criticism of the
Hanafī- Māturīdī
kalam system on inspiration was not Sufism and Sufis. While there are some Sufis
in Sufism who fall into a way of justifying their criticism, it is understood
that the target of these criticisms are the Shiite-Bātınī
groups. In this article, the meaning and the value of knowledge that the Hanafī-Māturīdī theorists,
especially Māturīdī,
have uploaded to the concept of inspiration, will be examined in a way that is
connected with revelation. However, the reasons of the attitude of Hanafī-Māturīdī theorists
towards inspiration will be examined by evaluating the Sufis and Shiite-Bātınī groups
that exist in the Hanafī-Māturīdī
culture geography.
Keywords: Hanafī-Māturīdī,
revelation, inspiration, Sufism.
ime) ve yukarıdaki kutucuğa anahtar kelimeler (5-7 kelime)İngilizce öz ve anahtar kelimeler de aynı sınırlar çerçevesinde yazılmalıdır.
Prosociality is fundamental to human social life, and, accordingly, much research has attempted to explain human prosocial behavior. Capraro and Rand (Judgment and Decision Making, 13, 99-111, 2018) recently provided experimental evidence that prosociality in anonymous, one-shot interactions (such as Prisoner's Dilemma and Dictator Game experiments) is not driven by outcome-based social preferences - as classically assumed - but by a generalized morality preference for "doing the right thing". Here we argue that the key experiments reported in Capraro and Rand (2018) comprise prominent methodological confounds and open questions that bear on influential psychological theory. Specifically, their design confounds: (i) preferences for efficiency with self-interest; and (ii) preferences for action with preferences for morality. Furthermore, their design fails to dissociate the preference to do "good" from the preference to avoid doing "bad". We thus designed and conducted a preregistered, refined and extended test of the morality preference hypothesis (N=801). Consistent with this hypothesis, our findings indicate that prosociality in the anonymous, one-shot Dictator Game is driven by preferences for doing the morally right thing. Inconsistent with influential psychological theory, however, our results suggest the preference to do "good" was as potent as the preference to avoid doing "bad" in this case.
Kadının çalışması ve bu çalışmanın bireysel ve toplumsal değeri üzerine tartışmalar, insanlık tarihi ile yaşıttır.Sanayi devriminden sonra, kitlesel üretim ve ulus ötesi savaşlar, hem kadın işgücü arzının hem de talebinin artmasına neden olmuştur.Ardından kadın işgücü kamuya açılmış ve kadınlar ücretli iş için evlerinden dışarı çıkmışlardır. Dünyadaki bu eğilim Türkiye'de de benzerdir. Ancak, kadınların işgücüne katılım koşulları ile ilgili tartışmalar halen devam etmektedir. Bugün, Türk toplumunda kadınların ev dışında ücretli işler için çalışabileceği, yaygın olarak kabul görmektedir. Bununla birlikte, kadının çalışmasına yönelik bazı karşıt görüşler de dikkat çekmektedir. Bu konudaki fikirler, geleneksel değerler ve dini anlayışla ilgili olarak değerlendirilmekte; kadınların ev içindeki sorumlulukları ve ev dışında çalışmanın dini kurallara uygunluğu tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kadının çalışması konusunda Din İşleri Yüksek Kurulu'na gelen sorular sosyolojik bakış açısı ile incelenmiş, konunun erkek ve kadın perspektifinden nasıl farklılaştığı ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
In this work we examine the existence and uniqueness of the groundstate of a SU(N)x G2 octonionic matrix model on a bounded domain of R^N. The existence and uniqueness argument of the groundstate wavefunction follows from the Lax-Milgram theorem. Uniqueness is shown by means of an explicit argument which is drafted in some detail.