Hasil untuk "Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics"

E. Hunziker

Laura Succini, Veronica Pasini, Raffaele Montemurro et al.

The paper explores how designers can operate within a highly complex sector such as Space by adopting extreme design strategies. In this context, designers take on an advanced role, open to collaborative in-novation models, and can accelerate their learning processes through the integration of methodological and digital tools. The aim is to put creativity at the service of a field characterised by strong regulatory constraints, especially in the design phase, while promoting the cross-fertilisation of highly specialised technical knowledge and design-dri-ven practices to explore new design solutions. The result of this research, developed as part of the “Beyond the Space Life” and conducted by the Department of Architecture of the Univer-sity of Bologna in collaboration with Thales Alenia Space Italia, is the Space Digital Living Lab: a physical-digital space designed to facilitate both the entry of future designers into the Space sector and to enhance synergies between experts in the field and other entities/professionals outside this field, increasing innovative capability and sustainability. Here we take a closer look at one of the four tools that make up the mo-del: the Design Innovation Research-Action Lab, its most tangible di-mension, where interdisciplinary teams iterate possible concepts for future product systems for space habitats in rapid cycles of exploration, prototyping and reflection.

Somporn Nilmanee, Meechai Luddee, Vorachet Juntiya

Thermoforming is a widely used plastic packaging method due to its affordability, high protective performance, and ability to prevent mechanical damage to fruits during transportation. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the thermoforming packaging moulding process, evaluate the structural strength of thermoformed packaging, and assess the effectiveness of various shaped thermoformed containers in protecting pears. The prototype design was based on different geometric shapes and dimensions, divided into four relief geometries: cylindrical (M1), semi-circular (M2), geodesic dome (M3), square (M4), and commercial dome shapes. According to the mould thermoforming process, the mockups of each pattern were modelled using SolidWorks software and formed using a 3D printer. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic sheets were formed in a container mould with a thermoformed machine under the same parameter conditions of time, temperature, and pressure. The compression resistance of the thermoformed containers was tested. According to these findings, the compression force was higher in inferior thermoformed containers than in superior thermoformed containers. This is due to the relief size, geometry, and dimensions of the thermoformed containers. Then, thermoformed containers were employed to perform the dart drop impact test, with the pears dropped from heights of 20, 40, and 60 cm. The thermoformed container sample with a square shape (M4) had the lowest proportion of bruises (8.33%) on fruit. For container sample M4, the bruised area (BA) was assessed at drop heights of 20, 40, and 60 cm at 97.12, 140.75, and 206.02 square millimeters, respectively. Based on this finding, the bruise volume increased as the impact height increased. Additionally, a drop test was performed at a height of 90 cm using a thermoformed container with pears in a double-wall corrugated board for the BC flute. A higher total area of bruises on pears without thermoformed containers was observed in the evaluation of bruised damage. Therefore, this study concludes that the shape, size, and relief position of thermoformed containers reduce the damage caused by the compression strength and dropping height during transportation.

Lorenzo Imbesi, Sabrina Lucibello, Emanuele Panizzi et al.

Advancing production systems technology necessitates redefined assessment methods across production stages to address sustainability needs, requiring vast, updated data on material and process impacts. European directives, including the Circular Economy Action Plan, promote waste minimization and resource optimization through fundamental changes in design practices, positioning designers as primary orchestrators of circular material flows. This MICS Project 1.07 research investigates how digital platforms enable designers to coordinate circular solutions in Italy's furniture sector through transparent material data exchange. The study develops an integrated system connecting designers, waste managers, and manufacturers to facilitate circular material flows and comprehensive design processes for circular material applications. The research reveals complex hybrid networks where organizations critically shift between roles as waste producers, material processors, and end-users. Digital solutions address these challenges through AI-driven material analysis, real-time supply chain information, and seamless design process integration. Designers with comprehensive material data can achieve more impactful design toward waste reduction while identifying new market opportunities through by-product valorization. The platform architecture features dual access through web portals and CAD plug-ins, enabling both material exploration and direct design workflow integration. The projects and its insights foresee designers as essential bridges between creative innovation and sustainable production implementation, providing a replicable model for sectors beyond furniture manufacturing.

Junwei Yu, Mufeng Yang, Yepeng Ding et al.

The proliferation of AI-powered search engines has shifted information discovery from traditional link-based retrieval to direct answer generation with selective source citation, creating new challenges for content visibility. While existing Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) approaches focus primarily on semantic content modification, the role of structural features in influencing citation behavior remains underexplored. In this paper, we propose GEO-SFE, a systematic framework for structural feature engineering in generative engine optimization. Our approach decomposes content structure into three hierarchical levels: macro-structure (document architecture), meso-structure (information chunking), and micro-structure (visual emphasis), and models their impact on citation probability across different generative engine architectures. We develop architecture-aware optimization strategies and predictive models that preserve semantic integrity while improving structural effectiveness. Experimental evaluation across six mainstream generative engines demonstrates consistent improvements in citation rate (17.3 percent) and subjective quality (18.5 percent), validating the effectiveness and generalizability of the proposed framework. This work establishes structural optimization as a foundational component of GEO, providing a data-driven methodology for enhancing content visibility in LLM-powered information ecosystems.

Silvestro Di Sarno, Roberto Liberti

The adoption of digital technologies and the implementation of sustainable practices have reshaped the fashion industry, offering innovative approaches to address emerging challenges through the convergence of fashion, technology, and sustainability. This article aims to explore how the integration of GenAI into the design process can serve as an opportunity for innovation in product development within the fashion industry. The ‘Conscious Leather Design Academy’ is driving innovation in the leather sector by accelerating production processes and enhancing creativity. Through its pilot project, ten companies and ten designers will activate co-design processes between universities, companies, and artificial intelligence to foster innovation. The preview of “AI scenario images” with possible virtual leather processing that replace the actual prototype, constitutes the real starting point for innovation in the field of leather applications, which was applied in the pilot experiment conducted by the Conscious Leather Design Academy. Considering these experiments, the research question guiding this paper is: how can integrating GenAI into co-design processes in the leather sector promote product innovation, accelerate development times, and strengthen sustainable practices in the fashion industry?

Hashini Gunatilake, John Grundy, Rashina Hoda et al.

Empathy plays a crucial role in software engineering (SE), influencing collaboration, communication, and decision-making. While prior research has highlighted the importance of empathy in SE, there is limited understanding of how empathy manifests in SE practice, what motivates SE practitioners to demonstrate empathy, and the factors that influence empathy in SE work. Our study explores these aspects through 22 interviews and a large scale survey with 116 software practitioners. Our findings provide insights into the expression of empathy in SE, the drivers behind empathetic practices, SE activities where empathy is perceived as useful or not, and the other factors that influence empathy. In addition, we offer practical implications for SE practitioners and researchers, offering a deeper understanding of how to effectively integrate empathy into SE processes.

Justus Bogner, Roberto Verdecchia

From its early foundations in the 1970s, empirical software engineering (ESE) has evolved into a mature research discipline that embraces a plethora of different topics, methodologies, and industrial practices. Despite its remarkable progress, the ESE research field still needs to keep evolving, as new impediments, shortcoming, and technologies emerge. Research reproducibility, limited external validity, subjectivity of reviews, and porting research results to industrial practices are just some examples of the drivers for improvements to ESE research. Additionally, several facets of ESE research are not documented very explicitly, which makes it difficult for newcomers to pick them up. With this new regular ACM SIGSOFT SEN column (SEN-ESE), we introduce a venue for discussing meta-aspects of ESE research, ranging from general topics such as the nature and best practices for replication packages, to more nuanced themes such as statistical methods, interview transcription tools, and publishing interdisciplinary research. Our aim for the column is to be a place where we can regularly spark conversations on ESE topics that might not often be touched upon or are left implicit. Contributions to this column will be grounded in expert interviews, focus groups, surveys, and position pieces, with the goal of encouraging reflection and improvement in how we conduct, communicate, teach, and ultimately improve ESE research. Finally, we invite feedback from the ESE community on challenging, controversial, or underexplored topics, as well as suggestions for voices you would like to hear from. While we cannot promise to act on every idea, we aim to shape this column around the community interests and are grateful for all contributions.

H. Fadhlillah, S. Greiner, Kevin Feichtinger et al.

Engineering Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPSs) involves several different disciplines, where team members range from mechanical, electrical, and automation engineers, to control software engineers. When developing variability-intensive software systems such as CPPSs, engineers create heterogeneous engineering artifacts of varying granularity, structure, and level of abstraction in the problem and solution space, e.g., CAD drawings, delta models, and control software artifacts. Managing consistency among these heterogeneous artifacts is essential during the development and maintenance of these systems to reduce development costs and runtime failures. Software product line engineering provides approaches to manage the variability of heterogeneous artifacts. However, these approaches must be adapted and extended to manage consistency in CPPSs and address the additional multidimensional challenges in CPPSs. In this short paper, we outline these challenges, motivate them using a case study, and discuss potential solutions to manage the consistency of engineering artifacts expressing CPPS control software variability. We thereby lay the grounds for a deeper understanding of possible inconsistencies and exploring new methods for managing consistency in control software variability in CPPSs.

Sheng-Hung Lee, Andreas Sicklinger

This experimental research study explores the concept of longevity in the context of design. It emphasises the importance of creating meaningful and impactful solutions to complex social-technological challenges posed by an ageing population and the longevity economy. In the context of the diid issue, different authors discuss the role and influence of design and the creative process in addressing issues related to longevity, and celebrating people’s independence, health, finance, and quality of life through innovative products, processes, places, and platforms. It introduces the concept of Design for Longevity (D4L), which incorporates comprehensive considerations encompassing family dynamics, housing, community engagement, health, education, investment, risk, and advocating for the individual’s multiple life stages with purpose and respect. The introductory paper also highlights the contribution of D4L in the ongoing discourse on the social impact of design in fostering community building, social interaction, and engagement among older adults to enhance longevity, literacy, fitness, and well-being.

Scot Geib

While the concept of decolonization has long been an area of academic interest, it has more recently spilled over into mainstream discussion among designers, clients, and other cultural mediators. In Canada, this conversation has been amplified, in part, by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), which has shed light on the destructive legacy of Canada’s settler colonialism and its Residential School Program. What started as a curriculum development project in the Design Formation Program at Langara College, necessitated a case study in how to turn theory to practice, primarily by investigating the structural biases inherent in the Western traditions of design and exploring ways in which that design paradigm might be shifted.

Alessandra Bosco, Fiorella Bulegato, Silvia Gasparotto

The paper offers a multi-focused reflection on the relationship between the evolution of the archive and the issues of access and knowledge acquisition. The authors recognize the digital archive as a resource that, from accessibility to information, through the empowerment of individuals, makes people autonomous in their own construction of knowledge. Briefly reconstructing the evolutionary events of the archive – from a private repository of documents to a platform for online content sharing – the research, through the presentation of some case studies, highlights the main factors that have characterized the process of the progressive opening of the archive towards inclusion: the opening process on contents, collected and organized to reach extended audiences by increasing social, political and cultural impact, and the opening process on user experience on which the design discipline works through interaction and experience practices.

Dinko Stoykov

Graphic design plays a crucial role in branding and marketing in the current digital era. Digital marketing impacts the promotion of tourist destinations. Tourism has become an important and growing sector that has influenced the development of a country's economy. Colour as an element of graphic design evokes emotions and sets a certain mood for an image or graphic. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of colour perception in graphic design in promoting tourist destinations of Southeast Europe (SEE). We aim to explore the relationship between graphic design and the tourism industry in SEE countries, focusing on their tourism logos and slogans for advertising their tourist destinations. The analysis of the main characteristics of logos and slogans shows that they can be effective tools for promoting and supporting tourism in countries in the SEE region. It was observed that there is compatibility between the colours used in the logo and the country flag in 64% of the tourism logos of SEE countries. The colour green is the most commonly used colour in logo design.

Bohui Zhang, Valentina Anita Carriero, Katrin Schreiberhuber et al.

Ontology engineering (OE) in large projects poses a number of challenges arising from the heterogeneous backgrounds of the various stakeholders, domain experts, and their complex interactions with ontology designers. This multi-party interaction often creates systematic ambiguities and biases from the elicitation of ontology requirements, which directly affect the design, evaluation and may jeopardise the target reuse. Meanwhile, current OE methodologies strongly rely on manual activities (e.g., interviews, discussion pages). After collecting evidence on the most crucial OE activities, we introduce \textbf{OntoChat}, a framework for conversational ontology engineering that supports requirement elicitation, analysis, and testing. By interacting with a conversational agent, users can steer the creation of user stories and the extraction of competency questions, while receiving computational support to analyse the overall requirements and test early versions of the resulting ontologies. We evaluate OntoChat by replicating the engineering of the Music Meta Ontology, and collecting preliminary metrics on the effectiveness of each component from users. We release all code at https://github.com/King-s-Knowledge-Graph-Lab/OntoChat.

Isaiah Lahr, Saghir Alfasly, Peyman Nejat et al.

Searching for similar images in archives of histology and histopathology images is a crucial task that may aid in patient matching for various purposes, ranging from triaging and diagnosis to prognosis and prediction. Whole slide images (WSIs) are highly detailed digital representations of tissue specimens mounted on glass slides. Matching WSI to WSI can serve as the critical method for patient matching. In this paper, we report extensive analysis and validation of four search methods bag of visual words (BoVW), Yottixel, SISH, RetCCL, and some of their potential variants. We analyze their algorithms and structures and assess their performance. For this evaluation, we utilized four internal datasets ($1269$ patients) and three public datasets ($1207$ patients), totaling more than $200,000$ patches from $38$ different classes/subtypes across five primary sites. Certain search engines, for example, BoVW, exhibit notable efficiency and speed but suffer from low accuracy. Conversely, search engines like Yottixel demonstrate efficiency and speed, providing moderately accurate results. Recent proposals, including SISH, display inefficiency and yield inconsistent outcomes, while alternatives like RetCCL prove inadequate in both accuracy and efficiency. Further research is imperative to address the dual aspects of accuracy and minimal storage requirements in histopathological image search.

I. Humeniuk, Anastasiia Trofymenko, Alina Kruk et al.

Higher education has moved to various online platforms in recent years, with virtual classes established following national norms during the COVID-19 pandemic and wartimes in Ukraine. Early engineering education, namely teaching ESP, is directly related to the development of soft skills like time management, teamwork, creative thinking, and digital literacy as well as practical talents like sketching, computer graphics, mechanism projecting, etc. This study examines qualitative data collected from second-year engineering students at the Higher Educational Institution “Podillia State University”, Ukraine. The paper is based on instructors’ thoughtful observations of instruction in both times of war and the COVID-19 pandemic. The research conclusions offer some important things to think about when assessing the virtual classroom long-term effects on language education and second-year study techniques. The results of this study showed that the use of technology in second-year engineering education, namely the TED Talks application, promoted creative teaching strategies, increased digital literacy, and improved teamwork. Even if online learning achieved its learning goals, there were drawbacks, such as social isolation and low motivation. The study highlights the value of looking at virtual language studios and integrating technology in early engineering education, providing chances for future research and curriculum development. These results are pertinent to educators worldwide who instruct second-year mechanical engineering students in ESP.

Jiahao Wen, J. Barbič

Kirchhoff-Love shells are commonly used in many branches of engineering, including in computer graphics, but have so far been simulated only under limited nonlinear material options. We derive the Kirchhoff-Love thin-shell mechanical energy for an arbitrary 3D volumetric hyperelastic material, including isotropic materials, anisotropic materials, and materials whereby the energy includes both even and odd powers of the principal stretches. We do this by starting with any 3D hyperelastic material, and then analytically computing the corresponding thin-shell energy limit. This explicitly identifies and separates in-plane stretching and bending terms, and avoids numerical quadrature. Thus, in-plane stretching and bending are shown to originate from one and the same process (volumetric elasticity of thin objects), as opposed to from two separate processes as done traditionally in cloth simulation. Because we can simulate materials that include both even and odd powers of stretches, we can accommodate standard mesh distortion energies previously employed for 3D solid simulations, such as Symmetric ARAP and Co-rotational materials. We relate the terms of our energy to those of prior work on Kirchhoff-Love thin-shells in computer graphics that assumed small in-plane stretches, and demonstrate the visual difference due to the presence of our exact stretching and bending terms. Furthermore, our formulation allows us to categorize all distinct hyperelastic Kirchhoff-Love thin-shell energies. Specifically, we prove that for Kirchhoff-Love thin-shells, the space of all hyperelastic materials collapses to two-dimensional hyperelastic materials. This observation enables us to create an interface for the design of thin-shell Kirchhoff-Love mechanical energies, which in turn enables us to create thin-shell materials that exhibit arbitrary stiffness profiles under large deformations.

Weichao Lin, Liang Chen, Weiwen Xiong et al.

With the rapid progress in virtual reality (VR) technology, the scope of VR applications has greatly expanded across various domains. However, the superiority of VR training over traditional methods and its impact on learning efficacy are still uncertain. To investigate whether VR training is more effective than traditional methods, we designed virtual training systems for mechanical assembly on both VR and desktop platforms, subsequently conducting pre-test and post-test experiments. A cohort of 53 students, all enrolled in engineering drawing course without prior knowledge distinctions, was randomly divided into three groups: physical training, desktop virtual training, and immersive VR training. Our investigation utilized analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to examine the differences in post-test scores among the three groups while controlling for pre-test scores. The group that received VR training showed the highest scores on the post-test. Another facet of our study delved into the presence of the virtual system. We developed a specialized scale to assess this aspect for our research objectives. Our findings indicate that VR training can enhance the sense of presence, particularly in terms of Sensory Factors (SF) and Realism Factors (RF). Moreover, correlation analysis uncovers connections between the various dimensions of presence. This study confirms that using VR training can improve learning efficacy and the presence in the context of mechanical assembly, surpassing traditional training methods. Furthermore, it provides empirical evidence supporting the integration of VR technology in higher education and engineering training. This serves as a reference for the practical application of VR technology in different fields.

R. Slavin, N. Kargin, B. Slavin

Descriptive geometry is one of the main disciplines of the general engineering cycle. It presents methods of accurate representation of spatial objects on a plane, as well as the identification of geometric shapes of figures from given images. That is, this discipline is designed to give future engineers the knowledge and skills to build and read drawings. By causing the intensive work of students' spatial thinking, descriptive geometry contributes to the development of spatial representation. In descriptive geometry, a flat image of a spatial object is called a plot (drawing). Students studying descriptive geometry get acquainted with examples of practical use of the theoretical provisions of descriptive geometry in course and diploma design. However, it is much easier to perceive drawings in volume if they can be rotated and viewed from different sides. For these purposes, you can not do without third-party software. Visualization of objects in the presence of a three-dimensional model is provided by Unity. But to create a three–dimensional model according to the drawing, other software is required - for example, Blender. Therefore, the authors set a goal: to create a semi-automatic visualization system for two-dimensional drawings in space based on Blender software and to develop comprehensive and simple documentation that will allow even people far from programming to use the program. It is known that Blender is a powerful program for creating three-dimensional graphics that allows you to create various objects, scenes, animations, as well as edit them. Blender is a free and open source program available to anyone interested in three-dimensional modeling and computer graphics creation. Among the Blender tools for creating three-dimensional models are powerful tools for modeling, sculpting, animation and visualization of objects and scenes. In Blender, you can also draw textures and create 3D animations using animation tools such as key frames.

Syarif Abdullah, A. Alhamidi, H. Notonegoro et al.

: The ability to draw technically is a very important competency for vocational school graduate students. Therefore, vocational school teachers are expected to be able to master these skills. Based on surveys and interviews regarding technical drawing learning at SMK YP Fatahillah 1 Cilegon, information was obtained that it was necessary to increase the abilities of teachers to master these competencies. Based on these conditions, the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Untirta, implemented a community service program through technical drawing training. The application taught in this training is CAD (Computer Aided Design) based computer software. Participants in this activity were teachers and laboratory assistants at SMK YP Fatahillah 1 Cilegon. Activities were carried out for three days. This training activity increases teachers' understanding and mastery of CAD-based applications based on the evaluation carried out.