Hasil untuk "Languages and literature of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania"

Umi Latifah, Moh. Badrih, Baiq Iling Kiranawati

This study aims to reveal the forms of semantic change in Indonesian digital language and to explain the relationship between linguistic form changes and social functions based on the functional-structural framework of the Prague School. The research employs a qualitative-contextual approach with a descriptive-analytical design. Data in the form of linguistic units were purposively collected from Threads, Instagram, and TikTok platforms, then analyzed using a functional-structural semantic model. The findings indicate five main types of semantic change: broadening, narrowing, amelioration, pejoration, and connotative-metaphorical shift. These meaning shifts occur through the interaction between linguistic structures, social functions, and digital contexts that influence one another. Functionally, the emotive and phatic functions dominate digital communication, while structurally, the language demonstrates flexibility in adapting its forms to the expressive needs of speakers. The study concludes that the functional-structural framework of the Prague School remains relevant in explaining the dynamics of language evolution in the digital era, maintaining a balance between linguistic systems and their social functions.

Dedi Wahyudi, Siti Sanah, Ade Arip Ardiansyah et al.

This study aimed to evaluate community members' skills and comprehension in reading Arabic news before and after they used audio-visual media. The theoretical underpinning of this study is the idea that exposure to audio-visual materials will enhance one's news reading skills. The researchers' theory states that people interested in reading the news through audio-visual media have improved their news-reading skills. The method used in this research was a quasi-experimental method with a one-group design based on pre-test and post-test. The population in this study covered all members of the news reading community, totalling 20 students at UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. This research used quantitative data analyses of pre-test and post-test results using the Lilioforce equation. One of the present study’s results showcased that prior to employing the audio-visual media, the members of Arabic Language Teaching Division's news-reading mission had a poor level, as seen by the average score of 68.3. Their grade after utilizing it was good, as evidenced by the average score of 87.2. According to the interpretation criterion, the result of (N-D) was 0.60 or 60% in a moderate classification. Therefore, these results indicated that the audio-visual method effectively improved news-reading skills. This study suggests future’s research to assess the other foreign language proficiency in greater detail using a wider range of research techniques.

A. E. Kulanov, A. B. Sharova

Due to the expiration of a number of previously classified materials related to the activities of the Soviet special services during the Second World War, and also due to the especially high public interest in the “case of Richard Sorge” in the last 5 years, a military historian and Doctor of Historical Sciences Mikhail A. Alekseyev introduced into scientific discourse a large number of previously unknown Russian-language documents on this case. These documents are of paramount interest to researchers. For example, it is the first publication of the materials that definitively answer the questions of whether Sorge was a double agent and of what the real reason for the failure of the network of Soviet military intelligence in Japan in 1941 was, as well as of many other pieces of important documentary evidence of the activities of the Soviet secret services in that country.Soon after that, the authors of this article for the first time made a complete translation of the memoirs of Ishii Hanako, Sorge’s Japanese wife, which were analyzed in detail and commented on by the authors of the book Another Sorge. The Story of Ishii Hanako. The memoirs of Ishii Hanako give a chance to take a fresh look at Richard Sorge’s personality, his goals in studying Japan and his approaches to this issue, to form a more personal and, at the same time, objective picture of his character. Together with the case of the “Special Folder” of the Central Committee of the CPSU on perpetuating the memory of Richard Sorge, declassified in 2020, for the first time in history, these materials allow us to fully evaluate Ishii Hanako’s effort to preserve the memory of Sorge in Japan during the period from 1945 to 1964. By comparing the memoirs, the documents of the Soviet side, and by carrying out the research and analytical work, the authors have reached a new level of understanding of the “case of Richard Sorge.”In 2017–2022, a number of new materials devoted to the same case were published in Japan. They reveal the level of awareness of not only Japan’s government and law enforcement agencies, but also of the emperor himself, as well as the division of powers of the special services in the liquidation of Sorge’s intelligence network.

Miftahul Fadliah Buhun, Anisah Nasution, Muassomah

This study aims to determine the effect of collaborative learning strategies on writing skill with a face to face learning process at MA Asy-Syifa Totikum. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with three data collection techniques, namely: observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate with the implementation of collaborative strategies in learning writing skill, student learning outcomes have increased. As for the application of collaborative strategies in learning Arabic writing skill, it is carried out through the following stages: determining learning objectives, dividing students into heterogeneous groups based on the results of the Arabic language report scores and gender, the teacher gives free writing assignments to all students, students are asked to choose a predetermined theme then students write based on that theme using vocabulary, tarkib, and language skill that have been learned, if they have difficulty in making essays students discuss with their group friends. In addition, students are asked to write new vocabularies under the essay, so that students can learn, add vocabulary, and improve students memory.

Deven M. Patel

Kāvya’s Repeat Performances. Intersections of Aesthetics, yoga-parikarma-bhāvanā, and the Logic of Medium-Specificity in Daśarūpaka’s Discussion of śāntarasa Largely left underexplored in rasa studies has been an implication made in the middle of the tenth century that śāntarasa eludes theorization with respect to the theater (nāṭya) but may function within an exclusive theory of poetry (kāvya). A discussion in the Daśarūpaka (“The Ten Dramatic Forms”) and its commentary cryptically imply in the fourth chapter of that work that if śāntarasa is viable at all as a genre of rasa theory, it is medium-specific to kāvya and not possible in nāṭya. Though śāntarasa is a dubious category for theater theory and pragmatics, they seem to argue, it may be acceptable in poetry through a synergy of two theoretical schemas: poetics and Yoga psychology. Reviewing these arguments opens up a larger conversation about the significance of medium to rasa theory and the inherent limitations for conceiving unified theories of art.

Pennisi, Rosa

This study investigates written linguistic practices emerging from public debate in Morocco. Although Darija is increasingly used in writing, especially in online platforms, most of its users still stigmatize it. In 2017 the Zakoura Foundation edited the first monolingual dictionary of Darija, a fervently debated initiative. So, this analysis aims to show the limits of such codification initiative, and factors which affect language ideology in Morocco. Therefore, a corpus of articles and readers’ comments on the Zakoura Dictionary of two Moroccan digital newspapers, Goud and Hespress, has been analyzed, quantitively and qualitatively, in order to compare the opinions about language and the language varieties in which they were expressed.

Asis De

To honor Nuruddin Farah’s fifty-year-long writing journey, this article explores his time in India (1966–69) and the influence it had on making him a leading postcolonial writer. My approach is largely biographical. I begin with his decision to turn down a scholarship at an American University, which some critics view as immature or even eccentric. I challenge this view of his choice instead to enroll for a degree in philosophy, literature and sociology at the Government College of Panjab University at Chandigarh in 1966 and to make what was then a country of poverty and even famine his first diasporic destination. I argue that this was a well-thought-out, politically correct and wise decision in the global context of international relationships in the 1960s. I also explore Farah’s brief association with Indian culture and the knowledge he acquired of Indian philosophy and literature to explain his decision to adopt a feminist perspective to write on injustice against women and the powerless and religious intolerance rather than focus on issues such as independence realpolitik like leading African writers at the time. His first manuscript, published in 1970 as From a Crooked Rib, was a Penguin modern classic by 2004. I argue that this novel was importantly shaped by his Indian experience. I also explore the influence of two novels on the young Farah on his personal life, ideology and writing even before he went to India: W. Somerset Maugham’s novel The Razor’s Edge (1944) and Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai’s classic Chemmeen (1956). This is the first substantial investigation of the effect of Farah’s Indian experience.

Dong Chengru, Jin Dawei

One controversy in the study of the Chinese shenme ‘what’-based rhetorical question (shenme-RQ for short) is how it takes on a negative interpretation. This paper attempts to apply enthymeme or rhetorical syllogism to the deduction of negative meaning of the shenme-RQ. Triggered by the shenme-RQ, or one of its words or phrases, the hearer extracts the explicit premise, fills in the premise that is implicit either in the context or in her or his encyclopedic knowledge, and deduces the conclusion, the negative meaning of the shenme-RQ. According to what premises are left out, the paper also explores the deduction patterns of the negative meaning of shenme-RQs and proposes a procedure for obtaining the negative interpretation. That said, the negative meaning of the shenme-RQ will be entrenched in the mind of its users and conventionalized in the Mandarin Chinese community via repeated use.

Mallya, Aurelia

This paper examines argument alternation constructions in the Bantu language, Kiwoso. The data demonstrates that alternation is constrained by selectional properties of a root and its combination with different functional heads, which is language specific. The findings establish that external arguments of anticausative, passive and middle alternations are distinct in terms of syntax and semantics. The data indicates that external arguments appear as DPs in causative alternates but in anticausative, passive and middle sentences they surface as PPs, albeit with different interpretations. In passives, the PPs are introduced by a na-phrase and express event participants, while in anticausatives and middles they are introduced by a ko-phrase which denotes event modifiers. It is also established that anticausative, passive and middle verb constructions are related in that their sole subject argument is the object argument of their causative (transitive) variants.

Johannes Bronkhorst

Innovation in Indian Philosophy in Context. Comments on Some Recent Proposals by Jonardon Ganeri This article draws attention to the fact, often overlooked, that innovation is not foreign to the history of Indian philosophy. Three such episodes are briefly discussed (in reverse chronological order): (1) the innovations introduced by Raghunātha and his followers in the Nyāya school of thought (ca. 1500 CE); (2) the innovations that gave rise to satkāryavāda, pariṇāmavāda, śūnyavāda, anekāntavāda and other philosophical positions (early centuries CE); (3) the innovations responsible for the first manifestations of rational philosophy in India (ca. second century BCE). Raghunātha’s innovations are most instructive in that a great deal is known about his politico- cultural surroundings. Lessons drawn from these help us to understand the beginnings of Indian rational philosophy better.

Coetsee, Ydalene

Collaboration between academic literacies (AcLits) specialists and subject specialists is still a significant issue in student support because AcLits practitioners now need to negotiate the advantages of both stand-alone and embedded courses. This paper focuses on some challenges of one such a collaboration between the provider of AcLits courses (the Language Centre) and the Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science at an institution of higher education. The theory of framing (as in Scheufele, 2013) is used to explain some of the frustration experienced during this collaboration. The study also draws on New Literacies Studies in suggesting that student autonomy in constructing knowledge is negated when focus is placed on academic skills that students lack instead of the contribution students can make towards their own learning. Where previous AcLits collaborations have sometimes used the deficit model (Smit, 2012) to measure the impact of interventions, this study attempts to show that the collaboration itself aids deep learning. However, some challenges have to be overcome, of which an important one is the measurement of impact when the deficit model is not used. Whereas ATLAS.ti has often been used to analyse data sets, this investigation opts for open coding to explicate the frames relevant to this kind of collaboration. Analysis of the findings shows that students perceived this collaboration as a valuable learning experience despite all the challenges experienced. The paper concludes by suggesting that identification, explication and management of the challenges of collaboration thus proved well worth the effort.

Adams Bodomo

Guangzhou, along with many other Chinese cities like Hong Kong and Yiwu where Africans visit, live, and engage in trading activities, is known for its ubiquitous pedestrian bridges. It is not uncommon to see many hawkers illegally displaying temporary stalls on these pedestrian bridges where they sell goods to mainly Africans and other foreign traders. From around 2012, the city security personnel, which has previously mostly turned a blind eye to these structures and activities, suddenly started clamping down on Africans on a regular basis as they became a prominent group of customers on these bridges in downtown Guangzhou—resulting in the sudden disappearance of Africans on these city center bridges and other prominent open door markets. This has led to some journalistic reports claiming that Africans were leaving China in large numbers. But if these Africans have all but disappeared from the pedestrian footbridges where are they now? Are they leaving China “in droves” or are they regrouping elsewhere in Guangzhou and other parts of China? How many Africans are in China and from which African countries do they come? What do they do in China? How are Africans responding to this and other unfavorable policy transformations such as an increasingly heavy-handed clamp down on illegal immigration? How resilient are African communities in China? This paper is built around, first, addressing these and other empirical questions towards an understanding of various categories of actors within China’s African diaspora communities before turning to examine the theoretical implications of seeing these African diaspora communities as bridge communities for strengthening Africa-China linguistic, cultural, and trade relations.

Rouli ESTHER

This paper examines how Japanese literature studies in Indonesia developed. I analyzed titles of the University of Indonesia Japanese literature bachelor thesis from the 1990s to 2017 and the articles presented in the Association of Japanese Studies in Indonesia (ASJI) symposium from 2014 to 2017, written by Japanese literature scholars based in Indonesia. The result shows that until the 1990s, students tended to choose literary works of key figures in Japanese literature, such as Mori Ogai, Natsume Soseki, Akutagawa Ryunosuke. Since, the late 2000s, however the literary works analyzed for bachelor thesis have become more varied. They now include fantasy novels, teenage novels, and literature written by women. Findings also reveal that few participants at the ASJI symposium from 2014 to 2017 presented papers on Japanese literature is low. While it is small in number, the literature themes presented at the ASJI symposium are rich and varied, including Zainichi literature, women’s literature, and children’s literature. This paper also examines reference books about Japanese literature written in Indonesian. The number of such books is still small, and requires expansion. Starting from mid-2000s, some Japanese literature scholars based in Indonesia completed postgraduate degrees abroad. Some of them have returned to Indonesia, implementing what they have learned in Japan, while other scholars have remained in Japan to pursue their studies. More work is needed for the significant development of Japanese literature studies in Indonesia, although the current progress is a good start.

Bibi Burger

No abstract available.

Belinda Du Plooy

Fiela’s child and Sorg are two female-authored popular Afrikaans novels that entertain as subtext dynamics of female agency in the same region and historical period, namely the Little Karoo of the late 19th century. The two novels present a pertinent counter-discursive paradigm to the more mainstream master narrative representations of women of the time. The novels were written and published during the late-apartheid and early post-apartheid years, 1985 and 2006, respectively, and as a result of these dynamics of production, they also engage with the socio-politics of this time, maybe even more so than with the British imperial colonialist period in which the novels are set. As such, both novels step into the discursive streams that flow in and around the trauma work that is associated with South Africa’s contemporary engagement with its colonial and apartheid legacies and heritage. Both texts also contribute to the creation and popularisation of new national master narratives. It is then in this context that these texts can be seen as participating in the multivocal discursive project of new identity construction, specifically identity construction through the writing of a new heterogeneous national autobiography.

Palgrave Macmillan Ltd

N. Rousseau

An analysis of the needs of and constraints on primary and secondary teachers responsible for the teaching of Afrikaans in the Republic of Transkei as the basis for a practical communicative syllabus for the teaching of Afrikaans as third language in teachers' colleges.

Márton Nagy

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