Hasil untuk "History of the Greco-Roman World"

Lvmin Zhang, Shengqu Cai, Muyang Li et al.

Autoregressive video generation relies on history context for content consistency and storytelling. As video histories grow longer, efficiently encoding them remains an open problem - particularly for personal users and local workflows where compute and memory budgets are limited. We present a lightweight history encoder that maps long video histories into short-length embeddings, pretrained with a frame query objective that learns to attend to content features at arbitrary temporal positions. The pretraining stage provides the encoder with dense history coverage on large-scale video data; the subsequent finetuning stage adapts the pretrained encoder under an autoregressive video generation objective to establish content-level consistency. In this way, the lightweight embeddings achieve comparable performance to heavier alternatives. We evaluate the framework with ablative settings and discuss the architecture designs.

Andrei-Stefan Bulzan, Cosmin Cernazanu-Glavan

For decades, Computer Vision has aimed at enabling machines to perceive the external world. Initial limitations led to the development of highly specialized niches. As success in each task accrued and research progressed, increasingly complex perception tasks emerged. This survey charts the convergence of these tasks and, in doing so, introduces Open World Detection (OWD), an umbrella term we propose to unify class-agnostic and generally applicable detection models in the vision domain. We start from the history of foundational vision subdomains and cover key concepts, methodologies and datasets making up today's state-of-the-art landscape. This traverses topics starting from early saliency detection, foreground/background separation, out of distribution detection and leading up to open world object detection, zero-shot detection and Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs). We explore the overlap between these subdomains, their increasing convergence, and their potential to unify into a singular domain in the future, perception.

Ralf Vandam, Diether Schürr, Peter Talloen

While evidence of ancient place names is a crucial element for our understanding of the historical landscape, many of those toponyms, other than those of major urban centres, have often disappeared in the course of history. The traditional localization of one such ancient toponym, Moatra in the territory of Sagalassos, at the present-day village of Bereket in the central district of Burdur Province (SW Türkiye) has recently been questioned. Allegedly, the vicinity of the modern village presents insufficient remains to support an identification of an ancient settlement there during the Roman Imperial period and this caused scholars to look for its location elsewhere in the area. This article presents an overview of the archaeological evidence from the Bereket intramontane basin and combines it with other strands of evidence to contest this new localization and explain why Moatra could not have been situated anywhere else but at Bereket. These arguments are based on the combination of the results of past and ongoing archaeological, geomorphological and paleo-environmental research, as well as toponymic study. These data help to shed light on the long occupation of the area and clarify the somewhat exceptional nature of the settlement of Moatra within the territory of Sagalassos, providing an outstanding example of how different disciplines can contribute to our understanding of the ancient settlement landscape and the human-environment relationship in the Late Holocene.

Se-eun Yoon, Ahmad Bin Rabiah, Zaid Alibadi et al.

Customers reach out to online live chat agents with various intents, such as asking about product details or requesting a return. In this paper, we propose the problem of predicting user intent from browsing history and address it through a two-stage approach. The first stage classifies a user's browsing history into high-level intent categories. Here, we represent each browsing history as a text sequence of page attributes and use the ground-truth class labels to fine-tune pretrained Transformers. The second stage provides a large language model (LLM) with the browsing history and predicted intent class to generate fine-grained intents. For automatic evaluation, we use a separate LLM to judge the similarity between generated and ground-truth intents, which closely aligns with human judgments. Our two-stage approach yields significant performance gains compared to generating intents without the classification stage.

Yuri Pines

Borrello, Sara

Recensione di Treggiari, S. (2019). Servilia and Her Family. Oxford: Oxford University Press, XXI+378 pp.

Jacob Carlson, Tom Bryan, Melissa Dell

Thousands of users consult digital archives daily, but the information they can access is unrepresentative of the diversity of documentary history. The sequence-to-sequence architecture typically used for optical character recognition (OCR) - which jointly learns a vision and language model - is poorly extensible to low-resource document collections, as learning a language-vision model requires extensive labeled sequences and compute. This study models OCR as a character level image retrieval problem, using a contrastively trained vision encoder. Because the model only learns characters' visual features, it is more sample efficient and extensible than existing architectures, enabling accurate OCR in settings where existing solutions fail. Crucially, the model opens new avenues for community engagement in making digital history more representative of documentary history.

Teppei Minoda, Shintaro Yoshiura, Tomo Takahashi

We argue that observations of the reionization history can be used as a probe of primordial density fluctuations, particularly on small scales. Although the primordial curvature perturbations are well constrained from measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies and large-scale structure, these observational data probe the curvature perturbations only on large scales, and hence its information on smaller scales will give us further insight on primordial fluctuations. Since the formation of early galaxies is sensitive to the amplitude of small-scale perturbations, and then, in turn, gives an impact on the reionization history, one can probe the primordial power spectrum on small scales through observations of reionization. In this work, we focus on the running spectral indices of the primordial power spectrum to characterize the small-scale perturbations, and investigate their impact on the reionization history using the numerical code \texttt{21cmFAST}, which adopts a simple but commonly used reionization model. We also derive the constraints on the running spectral indices from observations of the reionization history indicated by the luminosity function of the Lyman-$α$ emitters. We show that the reionization history, in combination with large-scale observations such as CMB, would be a useful tool to investigate primordial density fluctuations.

Sishun Liu, Ke Deng, Yan Wang et al.

Explainability of machine learning models is mandatory when researchers introduce these commonly believed black boxes to real-world tasks, especially high-stakes ones. In this paper, we build a machine learning system to automatically generate explanations of happened events from history by \gls{ca} based on the \acrfull{tpp}. Specifically, we propose a new task called \acrfull{ehd}. This task requires a model to distill as few events as possible from observed history. The target is that the event distribution conditioned on left events predicts the observed future noticeably worse. We then regard distilled events as the explanation for the future. To efficiently solve \acrshort{ehd}, we rewrite the task into a \gls{01ip} and directly estimate the solution to the program by a model called \acrfull{model}. This work fills the gap between our task and existing works, which only spot the difference between factual and counterfactual worlds after applying a predefined modification to the environment. Experiment results on Retweet and StackOverflow datasets prove that \acrshort{model} significantly outperforms other \acrshort{ehd} baselines and can reveal the rationale underpinning real-world processes.

Jessica Hagley, Carlos Iglesias-Crespo

This paper traces the related, though not uniform images of poetic birth and textual health. From generalized depictions of poems as children (born of the poet directly or of the poet’s soul or wit) to metaphors of hurried or badly written poems as premature births, abortions or miscarriages, ideas of poetic creation often turn to the bodily. The comparisons to childbirth, I suggest, highlight the efforts of writing and claims to literary lineage, while laments of “abortos” (found in Sor Juana, Juan de Jáuregui, and Cristóbal Suárez de Figueroa) evoke the challenges of polishing a poem to perfection and dangers of sending it into the world too soon. Moreover, assessments of good and bad poetry often draw on the language of health and proper bodily proportions. A weak poem might be simply “desmayado,” as Cervantes criticizes twice in the Viaje del Parnaso , but it could also, more graphically, have bodily defects. These deformities could be congenital or acquired due to detrimental edits. For instance, Gabriel Lobo Lasso de la Vega complains that others printed versions of his romances so changed that “unos vienen patituertos.” Even if the idea of the poem as body was commonplace, the specifics of its anatomy and health offered handy tools for criticism and for rendering theory more concrete. Bodily metaphors were hardly limited to poetics, but I find their use in these contexts especially interesting precisely because poems often differed from whole “cuerpos de libros” in terms of circulation and physical heft. of limeño literary scene. the of the on the dynamics of classical culture of the transatlantic book trade stage an intriguing gender(ed) performance designed to on both sides of the Atlantic thematise the transatlantic dynamic itself. reinscribing the possibility of a non-female Discurso us about the literary dynamics of the global Iberian world. This paper examines the poetic language of Soledades and explores how it incorporates the practices of silversmithing and jewelry production. By relating the materiality of Góngora’s language to the material environment of luxury at the court since the sixteenth century, this paper demonstrates how craftsmanship is embedded in the creation of Soledades . At the same time, by turning to Góngora’s commentators such as Martín Vázquez Siruela, author of “Discurso sobre el estilo de don Luis de Góngora” and an enthusiastic antiquarian, I will show how the poet’s seventeenth-century critics interpreted his works as an exquisite craft. Moreover, this paper echoes the discussion on whether the genre of Soledades is bucolic or epic. While Mercedes Blanco has convincingly explained the cultural obsession with epic and the poet’s intention to emulate Tasso, I choose to reconsider the pastoral poetics in Soledades . I argue that the bucolic since Virgil is a mixed genre characterized by exploring language's materiality. Thus defined, the bucolic itself represents an expression of the intimate relationship between nature and labor as well as a fluidity of poiesis among different forms of labor. Setting Soledades against this bucolic tradition, its materiality not only refers to precious materials but also the craft of working with them. This paper explores how Manuel de Faria e Sousa works creatively with the verse of other writers in his early (and neglected) collection of poetry, Divinas y Humanas Flores (1624). It suggests how Faria e Sousa cites and alludes to verse across various languages (Spanish, Latin, Italian, Portuguese) in ways that are at once deferential and more challenging. Underpinning much of Faria e Sousa’s poetic borrowings is a desire to assert the greatness of the Portuguese language and to offer a positive vision of Portuguese history. This paper examines Ana Caro’s use of epic discourse in her 1635 poetic chronicle on the festivities held in the San Miguel parish in Seville, organized by the Count of Salvatierra, in reaction to the sacrileges performed by French protestants in June 1635 in the Flemish city of Tienen (Tillemont). Rarely singled out for its literary qualities, Ana Caro’s Relación , is an innovative response to and engagement with the epic tradition. Many tropes, such as the epic catalogue and various examples of ‘Überbietung’ (Curtius), create a sense of epic grandeur in the poem’s lyric form ( silva ). It is a song that is both ‘ dulce ’ and ‘ grave ’, as observed in the preliminaries. This paper sets to situate Sor Juana’s Neptuno alegórico within an early modern mythographic tradition that spans both sides of the Atlantic. By mythographic tradition I mean the proto-encyclopedic treatises on pagan gods by Pérez de Moya, Baltasar de Vitoria, and their European homologues (specifically those of Natale Conti and Francis Bacon) as well as the various uses of mythological figures and themes as allegories in early modern vernacular poetry and art. Situating Sor Juana within a transatlantic mythographic tradition permits a more thorough assessment of the poet’s nuanced representation of Neptune and Amphitrite as political and natural allegories equally at home in the Americas as in Europe. By furthermore comparing Sor Juana’s Neptuno to the use of pagan sea gods by the poets Bento Teixeira in Brazil and Silvestre de Balboa in Cuba what comes to the fore is a distinctly colonial American iteration of the Greco-Roman gods as allegories at odds with the baroque tradition of the mythological epyllion in Spain as defined by Sophie Kluge. A focus on the transatlantic dimension of the early modern mythographic tradition is thus revealed to be central to defining in greater nuance the baroque conception of mythological figures and themes as allegories. This paper explores the early modern obsession of the Black female body in the context of Petrarchan poetic activity and love. The link between the description of the Black female body in early modern poetry and poetry within the Americas shows how integral Black female presence has been. Through examples from the poetry of Luís Vaz de Camões and Luiz Gonzaga Pinto da Gama, I discuss how Black female presence has played a major role in poetry and that this gives a sense of subjectivity and an agentive element to the Black female woman. In this paper, I show how the poetic voice in Camões and Gama’s poems differ on its perspective of the Black female body while yet connecting through abjection and love. Matter Many were the domains of knowledge to which early modern Europeans resorted when describing the peoples from the Americas, Africa, and Asia: climate, biblical exegesis, antiquarianism, zoology, and philology. This paper addresses the specific way in which two authors mobilized Quechua poems as sources of knowledge of the Incan past through philological analysis. More specifically, I compare how Inca Garcilaso and Guaman Poma de Ayala discuss the materiality of Quechua poetic language as a means to draw conclusions about the process of knowledge production among the Incas. By contrasting Garcilaso’s and Guaman Poma’s interpretations of the Incan past through poetry, I aim to show how Quechua poetic language—with its focus on matter and the natural world—works as a privileged site for both authors to work their hypotheses regarding the Pre-Columbian period.

Xuan Long Do, Bowei Zou, Liangming Pan et al.

Conversational question generation (CQG) serves as a vital task for machines to assist humans, such as interactive reading comprehension, through conversations. Compared to traditional single-turn question generation (SQG), CQG is more challenging in the sense that the generated question is required not only to be meaningful, but also to align with the occurred conversation history. While previous studies mainly focus on how to model the flow and alignment of the conversation, there has been no thorough study to date on which parts of the context and history are necessary for the model. We argue that shortening the context and history is crucial as it can help the model to optimise more on the conversational alignment property. To this end, we propose CoHS-CQG, a two-stage CQG framework, which adopts a CoHS module to shorten the context and history of the input. In particular, CoHS selects contiguous sentences and history turns according to their relevance scores by a top-p strategy. Our model achieves state-of-the-art performances on CoQA in both the answer-aware and answer-unaware settings.

Zhenhua Dong, Zhe Wang, Jun Xu et al.

Soon after the invention of the Internet, the recommender system emerged and related technologies have been extensively studied and applied by both academia and industry. Currently, recommender system has become one of the most successful web applications, serving billions of people in each day through recommending different kinds of contents, including news feeds, videos, e-commerce products, music, movies, books, games, friends, jobs etc. These successful stories have proved that recommender system can transfer big data to high values. This article briefly reviews the history of web recommender systems, mainly from two aspects: (1) recommendation models, (2) architectures of typical recommender systems. We hope the brief review can help us to know the dots about the progress of web recommender systems, and the dots will somehow connect in the future, which inspires us to build more advanced recommendation services for changing the world better.

Andrew Iskauskas, Ian Vernon, Michael Goldstein et al.

Modelling complex real-world situations such as infectious diseases, geological phenomena, and biological processes can present a dilemma: the computer model (referred to as a simulator) needs to be complex enough to capture the dynamics of the system, but each increase in complexity increases the evaluation time of such a simulation, making it difficult to obtain an informative description of parameter choices that would be consistent with observed reality. While methods for identifying acceptable matches to real-world observations exist, for example optimisation or Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, they may result in non-robust inferences or may be infeasible for computationally intensive simulators. The techniques of emulation and history matching can make such determinations feasible, efficiently identifying regions of parameter space that produce acceptable matches to data while also providing valuable information about the simulator's structure, but the mathematical considerations required to perform emulation can present a barrier for makers and users of such simulators compared to other methods. The hmer package provides an accessible framework for using history matching and emulation on simulator data, leveraging the computational efficiency of the approach while enabling users to easily match to, visualise, and robustly predict from their complex simulators.

A. Ioannidis, Javier Blanco-Portillo, E. Hagelberg et al.

: By demonstrating the role that historical population replacements and waves of admixture have played around the world, the prior work of Reich and colleagues has provided a paradigm for understanding human history [Reich et al. 2009; Reich et al. 2012; Patterson et al. 2012]. Although we show in Ioannidis et al. [2021] that the peopling of Polynesia was a range expansion, and not, as suggested by Huang et al. [2022], yet another example of waves of admixture and large-scale gene flow between populations, we believe that our result in this recently settled oceanic expanse is the exception that proves the rule. In

Nancy Ross

Jennifer Awes Freeman presents a compelling case for the reinterpretation of the image of the Good Shepherd in early Christian images and texts. Many art historians, including Theodore Klauser, Henry Chadwick, R. Grigg, and Robin Jensen, have discussed images of the Good Shepherd as representing the humility and modesty of the early grass-roots movement of Christianity. This traditional interpretation juxtaposes this early humble shepherd imagery with the later imperially sponsored images of Jesus-as-emperor situated on a throne within the spaces of church apses. Awes Freeman charges that these interpretations assume that the Good Shepherd is a Christian invention and overlook understandings of shepherd imagery from the ancient world. The author draws on the work of Thomas F. Matthews, specifically The Clash of Gods (Princeton University Press, 1993), to challenge prevailing scholarship. She argues that early Christian writers were employing an image and idea of the Good Shepherd that drew on earlier understandings of this imagery, which “ carried connotations of divinity and empire ” (4) and was not associated with the humility and modesty that inform current interpretations. Instead of housing a static and straightforward anti-imperialist meaning, the Good Shepherd changes meaning over time and includes con-flicting meanings related to power and violence. This book situates the Good Shepherd within the art and literature of the Ancient Near East and Greco-Roman worlds and demonstrates the flexibility and fluidity of the image and its meaning through the Early Middle Ages. This is an ambitious project of recontextualizing a familiar image type across several thousand years of history and several thousand miles of geography. She describes the particular cultural and geographical meanings of the Good Shepherd through time and place, offering appropriate context without getting lost in any particular contextual tangent. Awes Freeman succeeds in presenting a compelling case for reinterpretation that remedies this literary and art

Jan Zapletal, Raphael Watschinger, Günther Of et al.

The presented paper concentrates on the boundary element method (BEM) for the heat equation in three spatial dimensions. In particular, we deal with tensor product space-time meshes allowing for quadrature schemes analytic in time and numerical in space. The spatial integrals can be treated by standard BEM techniques known from three dimensional stationary problems. The contribution of the paper is twofold. First, we provide temporal antiderivatives of the heat kernel necessary for the assembly of BEM matrices and the evaluation of the representation formula. Secondly, the presented approach has been implemented in a publicly available library besthea allowing researchers to reuse the formulae and BEM routines straightaway. The results are validated by numerical experiments in an HPC environment.

Gunnel Ekroth

The denomination “school” in academic contexts carries with it a certain ambiguity. It can evoke a stimulating and innovative environment with a positive synergy between its members, but also a self-sufficient and almost complacent academic setting mainly concerned with preserving its own worldview. From this starting point, my contribution will reflect on the impact of the École de Paris within the field of Anglophone research on Greek religion and especially on animal sacrifice. Focus lies on how has the concept of a “Paris school” been handled within the study of Greek religion and what position it occupies among scholars working in this field. Four overlapping positions can be distinguished: (1) naming and using the Paris school as a theoretical approach, (2) critiques, which is also a form of interaction, (3) naming and referring in passing without an in depth engagement, and (4) studies on Greek sacrifice which do not use the term or comment on the Paris school.

Antonio Carlos Luz Hirsch

Takumi Nakane, Xuequan Lu, Chao Zhang

In evolutionary algorithms, genetic operators iteratively generate new offspring which constitute a potentially valuable set of search history. To boost the performance of crossover in real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA), in this paper we propose to exploit the search history cached so far in an online style during the iteration. Specifically, survivor individuals over past few generations are collected and stored in the archive to form the search history. We introduce a simple yet effective crossover model driven by the search history (abbreviated as SHX). In particular, the search history is clustered and each cluster is assigned a score for SHX. In essence, the proposed SHX is a data-driven method which exploits the search history to perform offspring selection after the offspring generation. Since no additional fitness evaluations are needed, SHX is favorable for the tasks with limited budget or expensive fitness evaluations. We experimentally verify the effectiveness of SHX over 4 benchmark functions. Quantitative results show that our SHX can significantly enhance the performance of RCGA, in terms of accuracy.

Tatiana Alvarenga Chanoca

 Este trabalho busca mostrar uma possível inversão das consequências da criação de Pandora nos poemas Teogonia e Os trabalhos e os dias, atribuídos a Hesíodo, tendo como ponto de partida uma coerência interna de cada um dos poemas. Assim, este artigo procura mostrar que as consequências presentes na Teogonia se encaixariam mais plena-mente n’Os trabalhos e os dias, e aquelas mencionadas neste poema estariam bem colocadas na Teogonia.