Hasil untuk "History of Poland"

Hjalte Sebastian Kjærby, Sean Birk Bek Craig, Philip Francis Thomsen et al.

Lomechusoides umbrosus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini) is described, a socially integrated myrmecophile associated with Formica polyctena Foerster, 1850. The species is documented from Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Poland, Belarus, and Western Russia (incl. Ural Mountains) based on both newly collected and museum specimens. Field observations show beetles on the surface of host mounds and within nest material, indicating a close association with red wood ant hills. Morphological comparison of the new species and similar Lomechusoides species is provided, including an identification key for Lomechusoides species of Northern Europe, and an update to the global L. strumosus group key. A detailed account of differences between the new species and L. strumosus (hosted by F. sanguinea), for which it has until now been misidentified as, is made. Mitochondrial COI barcodes are provided to support the morphology and show low but robustly supported genetic divergence (0.7%) between L. umbrosus sp. nov. and L. strumosus, which are similar to divergences between other currently recognised species in the genus. Key diagnostic characters include the shape of the pronotum, colour and microsculpture of the head, pronotum and abdomen, dimensions of the antennae, genital structures, as well as the ant host. Our study clarifies long-standing confusion over records of “L. strumosus” from nests of the Formica rufa group and suggests that host specificity is prevalent within Lomechusoides. The holotype is deposited at the Natural History Museum Denmark.

Patrycja Krynicka, Mariusz Kaczmarczyk, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka et al.

Abstract Background Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), now known as disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs), such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Functional Dyspepsia (FD), significantly impact global health, reducing quality of life and burdening healthcare systems. This study addresses the epidemiological gap in Poland, focusing on the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2070 Caucasian patients (58.2% female, mean age 57.5 ± 15.1 years) undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations at Pomeranian Medical University from 2021 to 2023. Data were collected using Rome IV diagnostic questionnaires and correlated with gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy findings. Exclusion criteria were age under 18, pregnancy, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, severe comorbidities, cancer, immunosuppressive therapy, ileostomy/colostomy, incomplete questionnaires, or lack of consent. Results Using Rome IV criteria, IBS was diagnosed in 436 participants (21.1%) and FD in 248 participants (12.0%). Post-endoscopic evaluation revised FD diagnoses to 184 individuals (8.9%). Females had a higher prevalence of IBS and FD (OR 1.64 and 1.61, respectively). No significant association was found between higher BMI and increased risk of IBS and FD. Hypertension and diabetes prevalence were 35.1% and 13.0%, respectively. Individuals with a history of COVID-19 had a higher risk of developing IBS (OR 1.47, P = 0.050). Conclusions Our study provides crucial epidemiological data on IBS and FD in Poland, emphasizing the importance of endoscopic evaluations. Our findings highlight the need for regional studies to understand local DGBI prevalence, aiding targeted healthcare strategies. Graphical Abstract

Henryka Karolewska

Ewa Baniowska-Kopacz

The paper presents Nowa Huta (part of Cracow, Poland) through the concept of neo-region. Construction of this district involved dislocation of local inhabitants, deep environmental transformations and settling the area by people from various parts of Poland. Comparison is made between cultural, social and economic specificities of Nowa Huta and those on territories classified as the classic neo-regions. Discussed are questions of cultural heritage, its actual discovering and formatting, and heritage-creating role of museums (Museum History of Nowa Huta, Museum PRL, Museum PRL [under organization], Nowa Huta Museum) in these processes.

Noah W. Tuchow, Jason T. Wright

We present HZ_evolution, a Python package to characterize the habitable histories of exoplanets. Given inputs of a planet's current effective flux and host star properties, HZ_evolution calculates its instellation history, the evolution of the star's Habitable Zone, and the duration the planet spends inside or outside the Habitable Zone.

Myong Chol Jung, Julien Monteil, Philip Schulz et al.

We present the history-aware transformer (HAT), a transformer-based model that uses shoppers' purchase history to personalise outfit predictions. The aim of this work is to recommend outfits that are internally coherent while matching an individual shopper's style and taste. To achieve this, we stack two transformer models, one that produces outfit representations and another one that processes the history of purchased outfits for a given shopper. We use these models to score an outfit's compatibility in the context of a shopper's preferences as inferred from their previous purchases. During training, the model learns to discriminate between purchased and random outfits using 3 losses: the focal loss for outfit compatibility typically used in the literature, a contrastive loss to bring closer learned outfit embeddings from a shopper's history, and an adaptive margin loss to facilitate learning from weak negatives. Together, these losses enable the model to make personalised recommendations based on a shopper's purchase history. Our experiments on the IQON3000 and Polyvore datasets show that HAT outperforms strong baselines on the outfit Compatibility Prediction (CP) and the Fill In The Blank (FITB) tasks. The model improves AUC for the CP hard task by 15.7% (IQON3000) and 19.4% (Polyvore) compared to previous SOTA results. It further improves accuracy on the FITB hard task by 6.5% and 9.7%, respectively. We provide ablation studies on the personalisation, constrastive loss, and adaptive margin loss that highlight the importance of these modelling choices.

Agata Zdun – Ryżewska, Teresa Gawlik-Jakubczak, Agnieszka Trawicka et al.

Fatigue is a significant problem in patients with bladder cancer treated by radical cystectomy. This pilot study evaluated fatigue and related variables during a treatment period. Four measurements were made, the first 1 month after the cystectomy, and the next three at an interval of about 3 months each (at 4 months, 7 months, and 10 months after the surgery). In addition to the author's questionnaire (sociodemographic variables and a question about the impact of the disease on the patient's life), the FACIT-F Fatigue (to measure fatigue), NCCN/FACT FBISI-18, version 2 (symptoms, general condition of the patient), HADS (depression, anxiety, and irritability) measures were used. In this study, 21 patients participated in all four measurement periods. The fatigue intensity increased significantly between the first and second measurements and gradually decreased between the third and fourth measurements.As the severity of fatigue increases, can be observed an increase in the sense of the impact of the disease on the patient's life in all except the first measurement.The study revealed statistically significant correlations between fatigue and experiencing symptoms of cancer and treatment at each stage of the study, with the strongest correlations in the second and fourth measurements regarding symptoms of cancer and a stronger correlation in the second compared to the first measurement regarding side effects. At each stage of measurement, the experience of dizziness, lack of appetite, feeling of being sick, and feeling of annoyance from treatment side effects were statistically significantly correlated with fatigue. The intensity of fatigue correlated with the feeling of experiencing difficulties in meeting the needs of the family due to the physical condition in the first measurement (Rho = 0.76), a sense of weakness (Rho = 0.92) and sleepiness (Rho = 0.72) in the second measurement, pain in the third (Rho = 0.77). The greatest number of correlates of fatigue were described in the fourth measurement (all symptoms of cancer and side effects except losing weight).Stress, anxiety, depression and irritability were correlated with fatigue at each of the stages of research except the first one (without differences between the correlation coefficients in the second, third and fourth measurements). Significantly lower levels of fatigue characterised patients who survived over 6 months after the end of the study compared to the first three measurements.

Gabriela Moczeniat, Gabriela Moczeniat, Mateusz Jankowski et al.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors among adults in Poland and to identify factors associated with public awareness of risk factors for genitourinary cancers.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey was carried out between 1 and 4 March 2024 in a nationwide sample of 2,165 adults in Poland. Quota sampling was used. Data were collected using computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method.ResultsRegardless of the type of cancer (kidney, bladder, or prostate cancer), a family history of cancer was the most recognized risk factor indicated by over half of respondents. Over one-third were aware that chemical exposure increases the risk for bladder cancer (39.4%) or prostate cancer (34.2%). Smoking was recognized as a risk factor for kidney cancer by 40.6% of respondents. Female gender, having higher education, being occupationally active and the presence of chronic diseases were the most important factors (p < 0.05) associated with a higher level of awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors.ConclusionThis study revealed gaps in public awareness of genitourinary cancers risk factors among adults in Poland, especially lifestyle-related and workplace-related risk factors.

Aneta Borowik

The article bears a character of initial research on the Art Deco style and modernism in the sepulchral art of the Lychakiv Cemetery in Lviv. A group of art objects chosen on the basis of stylistic criteria and high artistic and scientific values is presented.. Traditional research methods of art history such as formal, iconographic and iconological analyses were used due to the fact that research on the architectural and sculptural form of the sepulchres and tombs in the Lychakiv Cemetery are still in its initial stage. The research showed the variety of architectural trends in the sepulchral art of the first thirty years of the 20th century, starting from neoclassical tendencies, through Art Deco and so-called eastern Lesser Poland style, up to avant-gard modernism. It resulted in a distinction of a group of tombs in the Lychakiv Cemetery in Lviv representative for popular architectural trends of that time. The article points to the features and ideological base of those tendencies and presents the environment of Lviv artists – architects, sculptors, decorators and stonemasons, including a circle linked to Tadeusz Iwanowicz stone workshop, to which belonged, among others, Bronisław Wiktor and Wincenty Witold Rawski. The research led to a conclusion that the sepulchral art created in the Lychakiv Cemetery in Lviv in the first thirty years of the 20th century was a subject to intensive changes starting from neo-classicism, through Art Deco and eastern Lesser Poland style up to avant-garde modernism. All of this was caused not only by the dynamics of architecture development of this time, but also by fashion for specific forms. The development of sepulchral art was fostered by a high artistic awareness of its creators: stone workshop owners, architects, decorators and sculptors.

Monika Rybicka, Jing Zhao, K. Piotrowicz et al.

Poland has a unique history of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) dating back to the 17th century when Polish missionary Michael (Michał) Boym was a pioneer in the field. In the 20th century, his successor, Professor Zbigniew Garnuszewski, reintroduced acupuncture to medical practice in Poland. However, other methods of TCM and its holistic approach to patient care have not found their place in modern medicine in Poland. At present, the legal status of TCM in Poland remains unregulated, with TCM included in the broad spectrum of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practices. Few reports are available on the use of TCM methods among the Polish population. Integrative medicine combines conventional medicine with evidence-based CAM interventions and considers all aspects of a patient's health, including physical, emotional, mental, social and environmental factors. An integrative healthcare model that incorporates TCM modalities and lifestyle recommendations as well as a whole person approach may provide a more sustainable solution for the constantly underfinanced Polish healthcare system, which faces challenges of multimorbidity in an aging society and limited access to care. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, war in Ukraine, and ongoing climate crisis have underscored the need to strengthen the resilience of the Polish healthcare system and search for new solutions. A model of care that blends the best of biomedicine and TCM healing approaches may be a better option for both patients and the healthcare system in Poland. Please cite this article as: Rybicka M, Zhao J, Piotrowicz K, Ptasnik S, Mitka K, Kocot-Kępska M, Hui KK. Promoting whole person health: Exploring the role of traditional Chinese medicine in Polish healthcare. J Integr Med. 2023; Epub ahead of print.

Cheqiu Lyu, Yingjie Peng, Yipeng Jing et al.

The assembly of galaxies over cosmic time is tightly connected to the assembly of their host dark matter halos. We investigate the stellar mass growth history and the chemical enrichment history of central galaxies in SDSS-MaNGA. We find that the derived stellar metallicity of passive central galaxies is always higher than that of the star-forming ones. This stellar metallicity enhancement becomes progressively larger towards low-mass galaxies (at a given epoch) and earlier epochs (at a given stellar mass), which suggests strangulation as the primary mechanism for star formation quenching in central galaxies not only in the local universe, but also very likely at higher redshifts up to $z\sim3$. We show that at the same present-day stellar mass, passive central galaxies assembled half of their final stellar mass $\sim 2$ Gyr earlier than star-forming central galaxies, which agrees well with semi-analytic model. Exploring semi-analytic model, we find that this is because passive central galaxies reside in, on average, more massive halos with a higher halo mass increase rate across cosmic time. As a consequence, passive central galaxies are assembled faster and also quenched earlier than their star-forming counterparts. While at the same present-day halo mass, different halo assembly history also produces very different final stellar mass of the central galaxy within, and halos assembled earlier host more massive centrals with a higher quenched fraction, in particular around the "golden halo mass" at $10^{12}\mathrm{M_\odot}$. Our results call attention back to the dark matter halo as a key driver of galaxy evolution.

Ewa Szlachcic, Maciej J. Dańko, Marcin Czarnoleski

The intrinsic sources of mortality relate to the ability to meet the metabolic demands of tissue maintenance and repair, ultimately shaping ageing patterns. Anti-ageing mechanisms compete for resources with other functions, including those involved in maintaining functional plasma membranes. Consequently, organisms with smaller cells and more plasma membranes should devote more resources to membrane maintenance, leading to accelerated intrinsic mortality and ageing. To investigate this unexplored trade-off, we reared Drosophila melanogaster larvae on food with or without rapamycin (a TOR pathway inhibitor) to produce small- and large-celled adult flies, respectively, and measured their mortality rates. Males showed higher mortality than females. As expected, small-celled flies (rapamycin) showed higher mortality than their large-celled counterparts (control), but only in early adulthood. Contrary to predictions, the median lifespan was similar between the groups. Rapamycin administered to adults prolongs life; thus, the known direct physiological effects of rapamycin cannot explain our results. Instead, we invoke indirect effects of rapamycin, manifested as reduced cell size, as a driver of increased early mortality. We conclude that cell size differences between organisms and the associated burdens of plasma membrane maintenance costs may be important but overlooked factors influencing mortality patterns in nature.

Lucia Rubinelli

Recent social and political developments, including the presidential elections in the United States, antidemocratic state policies in Hungary and Poland, and the political climate in the rest of Europe have brought questions relating to the position and composition of ‘the people’ in constitutional democracies to the forefront. This book confronts these questions head on as leading scholars across the fields of law, legal theory, political theory and history explore the contemporary problems facing constitutional democracies. With a strong focus on constitutional law, this book examines the legal as well as the political power of ‘the people’ in constitutional democracies. Bringing together an international range of contributors from the USA, Latin America, the UK and continental Europe, it explores the complex relationship between constitutional democracy and ‘the people’ from the angles of constitutional law, legal theory, political theory, and history. Contributors explore this relationship through the lens of radical democracy, engaging with the work of key figures such as Hannah Arendt, Carl Schmitt, Claude Lefort, and Jacques Rancière.

Junwen Chen, Gaurav Mittal, Ye Yu et al.

Online action detection is the task of predicting the action as soon as it happens in a streaming video. A major challenge is that the model does not have access to the future and has to solely rely on the history, i.e., the frames observed so far, to make predictions. It is therefore important to accentuate parts of the history that are more informative to the prediction of the current frame. We present GateHUB, Gated History Unit with Background Suppression, that comprises a novel position-guided gated cross-attention mechanism to enhance or suppress parts of the history as per how informative they are for current frame prediction. GateHUB further proposes Future-augmented History (FaH) to make history features more informative by using subsequently observed frames when available. In a single unified framework, GateHUB integrates the transformer's ability of long-range temporal modeling and the recurrent model's capacity to selectively encode relevant information. GateHUB also introduces a background suppression objective to further mitigate false positive background frames that closely resemble the action frames. Extensive validation on three benchmark datasets, THUMOS, TVSeries, and HDD, demonstrates that GateHUB significantly outperforms all existing methods and is also more efficient than the existing best work. Furthermore, a flow-free version of GateHUB is able to achieve higher or close accuracy at 2.8x higher frame rate compared to all existing methods that require both RGB and optical flow information for prediction.

Wiktoria Kudela-Świątek

IMAGE OF POLAND (SECOND POLISH REPUBLIC, POLISH PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC AND THIRD POLISH REPUBLIC) IN MODERN UKRAINIAN HISTORY TEXTBOOKS The article analyses which image of Poland is present in modern Ukrainian textbooks of history for pupils of 10th and 11th forms (regarding the period since 1918 till present) that were written after the start of the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2014 and were published during 2018-2019. The study is based on content analysis of 30 textbooks on The History of Ukraine, World History and the integrated course “History: Ukraine and the World” for pupils of 10th and 11th forms. In order to determine how positive or negative is the image of Poland that is formed in the mind of the reader, the 4th year students of the History Department of Mykhaylo Kotsiubynsky Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University were asked to determine the number of mentions of the words Poland, Polish, the Poles etc. with positive, neutral and negative connotation in every textbook. The obtained results were then subject to quality analysis. We may observe the ambiguous reflection of the image of Poland in Ukrainian history schoolbooks, which is a logical reflection of long-lasting and complex historical relations between the Poles and the Ukrainians. In general, the image of Poland in The History of Ukraine textbooks is worse than the one presented in the World History textbooks as the authors were forced to show different sides of Polish-Ukrainian interaction in the 20th century. However, real historical conditions for Polish-Ukrainian friendship and cooperation at the current stage and the results of the work of the Joint International Committee of Experts on Improving the Content of School Textbooks have undoubtedly influenced the situation – in spite of highlighting truly difficult relations between the two peoples, the “enemy image” of Poland is not formed; attention is mostly focused on broad political, social, cultural and other circumstances that have led to ambiguous situations in Polish-Ukrainian relations. At the world history level authors mostly focused on presenting Poland as a victim of totalitarian regimes and a symbol of the fight for freedom. The negative part of the image of Poland goes back to the confrontation between the Polish and the Ukrainians in the 1st half of the 20th century (after the events of World War I) and the positive side is based on unity in resisting totalitarianism, protection of democracy, integration into the EU and NATO. Consequently, the image of the Second Polish Republic and the Polish Republic of 1944-1952 is worse that the image of the Third Polish Republic (the image of Polish People’s Republic is very indistinct altogether). This image of Poland, which is gradually improving in Ukrainian textbooks of history from 1918 to 2018 is an indicator of good prospects for further international cooperation as the pupils see the positive dynamics and will be able to continue this process.

Elena Crinela Holom, Nicoleta Hegedűs

Our research explores issues related to the process of classifying causes of death, using information from parish registers of burials included in the Historical Population Database of Transylvania (HPDT), and covering the period between 1850 and 1920. In the first phase, causes of death were subjected to several processes of standardization, English-language equivalence and accommodation according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), a system often used in the field of historical demography. At a later stage, we developed a classification scheme suitable for the Transylvanian population in the past. Consequently, the Historical Causes of Death in Transylvania (HCDT) system has a narrower taxonomy, comprising only eight chapters with several subgroups, which take into the account the historical realities of Transylvania. Therefore, the HCDT system can be used as a research tool that meets the specific needs of historical demography and of the history of medicine, being also capable of providing pertinent answers to fundamental questions about historic mortality. The scheme proposed in our research could potentially be used for comparative analyses with other regions and historic populations.

E. Rojczyk, A. Klama-Baryła, W. Łabuś et al.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The history of medical application of propolis (also known as bee glue) dates back to the times of ancient Greeks, Romans, Persians and Egyptians. Honey and other bee products, including propolis, occupy an important place in Polish folk medicine. Scientific research on propolis in Poland began in the early 1960s in Zabrze and continues until now. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide an overview of information on Polish research on propolis and its medical application with particular emphasis on studies concerning wound healing. Consequently, our goal is also to shed a new light on therapeutic potential of Polish propolis in order to support future research in the field. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of scientific literature on propolis and its medical application was performed by using the literature databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar). We paid special attention to papers describing the effect of propolis on skin wound healing as well as to Polish contribution to research on propolis. RESULTS Professor Stan Scheller was the first Polish scientist dealing with propolis and its medical potential. His legacy was continued by several research teams that studied the topic in various aspects. They analysed propolis composition, its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiapoptotic and anticancer properties as well as its application in dentistry and wound treatment. Burn wound healing physiology after propolis administration was thoroughly studied on pig model, whereas research on patients proved the efficacy of propolis in chronic venous leg ulcer treatment. CONCLUSION Polish scientists have made a significant contribution to the research on propolis, its biological properties and influence on wound healing. Propolis ointments can effectively accelerate the healing process and improve healing physiology, so they can be recommended as a promising topical medication for wound treatment in the future clinical and preclinical trials.

Marcio A. Jorge Silva, Sandro B. Pinheiro

We address a Timoshenko system with memory in the history context and thermoelasticity of type III for heat conduction. Our main goal is to prove its uniform (exponential) stability by illustrating carefully the sensitivity of the heat and history couplings on the Timoshenko system. This investigation contrasts previous insights on the subject and promotes a new perspective with respect to the stability of the thermo-viscoelastic problem carried out, by combining the whole strength of history and thermal effects.

Aditi Krishak, Dhiraj Kumar Hazra

We reconstruct the history of reionization using Gaussian process regression. Using the UV luminosity data compilation from Hubble Frontiers Fields we reconstruct the redshift evolution of UV luminosity density and thereby the evolution of the source term in the ionization equation. This model-independent reconstruction rules out single power-law evolution of the luminosity density but supports the logarithmic double power-law parametrization. We obtain reionization history by integrating ionization equations with the reconstructed source term. Using optical depth constraint from Planck Cosmic Microwave Background observation, measurement of UV luminosity function integrated till truncation magnitude of -17 and -15, and derived ionization fraction from high redshift quasar, galaxies and gamma-ray burst observations, we constrain the history of reionization. In the conservative case we find the constraint on the optical depth as $τ=0.052\pm0.001\pm0.002$ at 68% and 95% confidence intervals. We find the redshift duration between 10% and 90% ionization to be $2.05_{-0.21-0.30}^{+0.11+0.37}$. Longer duration of reionization is supported if UV luminosity density data with truncation magnitude of -15 is used in the joint analysis. Our results point out that even in a conservative reconstruction, a combination of cosmological and astrophysical observations can provide stringent constraints on the epoch of reionization.

Nader Amiri

“Narrative” and “narration” appear to be inseparable parts of the human psychosocial life, to the extent that it can even be mentioned that human being seems to be indefinable and inconceivable without this component and its twin component, namely “time”. The present manuscript is an attempt to understand how the mechanism of narration works, with regard to the concept of collective memory and specifically the silent historical objects in the elderly. Such an effort may help to “understand” such a mechanism and, to its maximum extent possible, open the door to the subject matter. Of course, this launching can be opened directly or indirectly, and as a dilatory goal, to the subsequent studies of or empathetic therapeutic proceedings for the elderly, in the field of reminiscence therapy. The nature of this manuscript demands theoretical allusions and the conceptual composition of those allusions, and therefore an essential part of its body will be based on such a basis. To concretely configure the story of this manuscript, the narrative world of the 82- to 84-year-olds from Kermanshah, Iran have been selected as the experimental domain of study. The central object of their childhood collective memory was set on the settlement of some Polish migrants in Kermanshah during the presence of the allied, that is, when they were between seven and eight years old. Having conducted a semi-structured interview with them, there was compiled the way of imprinting the elements of that central object in their “world of perception” and the parade of the overt and covert elements of that central object in their narrative system. Besides, based on theoretical concepts, an attempt has been made to provide a concrete discussion. References Atkinson, R. L. (2018). The contex of psychology (translated by M. T. Braheni). Tehran: Roshd. [Persian] Bals, K. (2001). Generational mentality, a psychoanalytic view of generational differences. Argenon Journal, 19, 1-30. 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