Background: The use of digital education technology has permeated educational settings and its use has become compelling for educators in nurse training. The competence of educators is however paramount for the appropriate use of the technology in the teaching and learning process. Aim: The study aimed to explore the pedagogical competence and use of digital education technology among nurse educators in Nigerian nursing education institutions. Methods: Qualitative methods were followed and in-depth interviews using one broad question and probing questions. Twelve nurse educators were purposively sampled across five nursing education institutions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and imported into Atlas.ti version 23 software for data analysis. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the University of the Western Cape. Findings: Most participants were female. Participants’ average age was approximately 41 years and their experience approximately 11 years. The data generated seven themes and twenty two categories related to pedagogical, digital and ethical competence as follows: Characteristics, qualities, and or roles of nurse educators; student roles and responsibilities in the learning process; educators’ understanding, philosophy, use and experience, and learning needs related to digital education technology; use of digital education technology in clinical education and administration in the current and future digital era; digital education technology utility; educators and students’ competence and use of digital education technology; and promotors and inhibitors of ethical competence. Conclusion: Students and educators used digital education technology in the teaching and learning process, but educators are lagging with an urgent need for digital literacy, provision of devices, and skills to address ethical issues for users in education.
Türkiye's engagement with Africa reflects a strategic evolution from cultural and trade partnerships to transformative security cooperation. This study investigates Türkiye’s contributions to African defense autonomy through defense technology exports, capacity-building programs, and strategic collaborations. Employing case studies of Somalia, Libya, Sudan, and Niger, the article analyzes the impact of these initiatives on regional stability and global power competition. Key findings emphasize Türkiye’s role as a partner distinct from traditional powers, advancing defense technologies, training local forces, and fostering development. The study positions Türkiye as a model for sustainable, equitable, and innovative security engagement in Africa.
Despite extensive research into the intersection between English aptitude and academic achievement, the challenges that learners for whom English is not their first language face when taught history in English are still underexplored. Underpinned by Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, this study investigates the linguistic challenges that South African learners face when taught history using the English language, and then explores how learners would want to be taught. Using semi-structured interviews and classroom observations, this phenomenological study adopting a qualitative approach generated data from 12 purposively sampled participants drawn from two rural schools. Themed findings explicate that learners had poor command of the English language used for teaching and learning, and hence misunderstood command words, lacked confidence, mispronounced words and did not read for comprehension. The learners proposed that history teachers must employ scaffolding and translanguaging approaches to enhance mastery of history concepts. These findings suggest the need for schools through the Department of Education in South Africa, and in any other countries in similar contexts, to embrace scaffolding and translanguaging as pedagogical approaches in teaching history for understanding, rather than for uniformity. These insights could inform policies and practice for the language of teaching for the history curriculum in countries that are multilingual societies.
Purpose ― The paper investigated the effect of the interaction of fiscal deficits and total factor productivity (TFP) and fiscal deficits and the wage share on unemployment.
Methods ― The paper applied an autoregressive distributed lag model to South African annual data from 1991-2019.
Findings ― First, increases in fiscal deficits increase unemployment at all levels of TFP and wage share. Second, increases in TFP increase unemployment at different levels of fiscal deficit, but after the global economic recession, the rate of increase in unemployment declined significantly. This means that the interaction of rising TFP and fiscal deficits in South Africa, where the growth regime is profit-led and technology-driven, always results in increasing unemployment. Third, as the wage share increases, unemployment increases, at all levels of fiscal deficits, suggesting that a wage-led growth regime is no panacea to unemployment either.
Implications ― The findings imply that expansionary fiscal policy does not necessarily create an economy that works for all unless active labour market institutions are set up. The findings challenge the notion that the solution to unemployment in South Africa is wage flexibility. Neither do the findings support the idea that following a profit-led growth path is a solution. A balanced mix of the two growth regimes would work.
Originality ― Studies have considered the productivity-enhancing effects of structural fiscal policy, but they have not considered the possible effects of interactions between productivity, fiscal policy and wage shares. The paper addresses the gap by introducing the interactions of TFP and fiscal deficits, as well as the interaction of wage share and fiscal deficits.
Economic growth, development, planning, Regional economics. Space in economics
BLACK RESISTANCE:
the contribution of the quilombola heritage to the process of rebuilding national identity in Brazil
NEGRAS RESISTENCIAS:
la contribución del patrimonio quilombola al proceso de reconstrucción de la identidad nacional en Brasil
Resumo
O tombamento da Serra da Barriga (o Quilombo dos Palmares) foi o primeiro reconhecimento, no campo da patrimonialidade, do Estado em relação à insurgência da população negra às opressões que sofreram no passado e que perduram na sociedade brasileira. A partir desse exemplo de patrimonialização, a Constituição Federal de 1988 estabeleceu que todos os documentos e sítios com reminiscências históricas dos antigos quilombos seriam objeto de proteção pelo Estado. Todavia, após essa determinação constitucional apenas o Quilombo do Ambrósio teve esse reconhecimento, o que demonstra a dificuldade de se enfrentar o racismo, um dos componentes estruturantes das relações sociais no Brasil. Assim, o artigo tem como objetivo analisar como as resistências quilombolas foram inseridas no processo de patrimonialização do Estado-Nação brasileiro, a partir desses casos. A análise sugere que esses exemplos de patrimonialização consistiram na necessidade do Estado-Nação reescrever o seu mito fundacional, inserindo em sua narrativa a versão silenciada da resistência quilombola à escravização dos negros no Brasil. Constituindo-se em hipótese de patrimonialização antirracista capaz de contribuir para se combater o racismo institucional e cultural, bem como romper com os silêncios burocráticos que se formaram em relação à escravidão e aos seus efeitos pós-abolição, sugere-se a necessidade de se dar efetividade a esse importante legado de patrimonialidade afro-brasileira. A metodologia consistiu na revisão crítica de literatura e análise documental dos processos de tombamento desses dois sítios quilombolas, os quais foram palco de lutas e resistências dos escravizados que fugiram da opressão da escravidão.
Palavras-chave: Estado-Nação. Silenciamentos. Patrimonialidade. Quilombos. Re(existências).
Abstract
The article seeks to analyze how the quilombola resistance was inserted in the patrimonialization process of the Brazilian Nation-State, based on two cases of patrimonial listing. The listing of Serra da Barriga (Quilombo dos Palmares) was the first recognition, in the patrimonial field, of the State in relation to the insurgency of the black population to the oppressions that they suffered in the past and that still last in Brazilian society. Based on this example of patrimonialization, the Federal Constitution establishes that all documents and sites with historical reminiscences of the old quilombos would be protected by the State. However, after this constitutional determination, only Quilombo do Ambrósio was granted this recognition and protection, which demonstrates the hardship of facing racism, a structural component of social relations in Brazil. It also represented a possibility of anti-racist patrimonialization able to contribute to the fight against institutional and cultural racism, as well as breaking the bureaucratic silencing that has existed regarding slavery and its post-abolition effects. We indicate the need to bring light to this important legacy of Afro-Brazilian heritage. The methodology was a critical review of previous academic papers and documents regarding the listing processes of these two quilombola sites, which were places of struggle and resistance by the enslaved ones who fled the oppression of slavery. The analysis suggests that these examples of patrimonialization came from the need for the Nation-State to rewrite its foundational myth, inserting in its narrative the silenced version of quilombola resistance to the enslavement of blacks in Brazil.
Keywords: Nation-State. Silencing. Heritage. Quilombos. Resistance.
Resumen
El reconociemento de la Serra da Barriga (Quilombo dos Palmares) fue el primer paso, en el campo del patrimonio, del Estado en relación con la insurgencia de la población negra a las opresiones que sufrieron en el pasado y que perduran en la sociedad brasileña. Basado en este ejemplo de patrimonialización, la Constitución Federal de 1988 estableció que todos los documentos y sitios con reminiscencias históricas de los antiguos quilombos estarían protegidos por el Estado. Sin embargo, después de esta determinación constitucional, solo el Quilombo do Ambrósio recibió este reconocimiento, lo que demuestra la dificultad de enfrentar el racismo, uno de los componentes estructurantes de las relaciones sociales en Brasil. Por lo tanto, el artículo tiene como objetivo analizar como cómo se insertaron las resistencias quilombolas en el proceso de patrimonialización del estado-nación brasileño, basado en estos casos. El análisis sugiere que estos ejemplos de patrimonialización consistieron en la necesidad del Estado-Nación reescribir su mito fundacional, insertando en su narrativa la versión silenciada de la resistencia quilombola a la esclavitud de los negros en Brasil. Como hipótesis de patrimonialización antirracista capaz de contribuir a la lucha contra el racismo institucional y cultural, así como a romper los silencios burocráticos que se formaron en relación con la esclavitud y sus efectos posteriores a la abolición, se sugiere la necesidad de dar eficacia a este importante legado del patrimonio afrobrasileño. La metodología consistió en una revisión crítica de la literatura y el análisis documental de los procesos de reconocimiento cultural / constitucional de estos dos sitios de viejos quilombos, que fueron escenario de luchas y resistencias de los esclavos que huyeron de la opresión de la esclavitud.
Palabras clave: Estado-nación. Silencios. Patrimonios. Palenques. Resistencias.
Traditional medicines are commonly used in Africa. About 13.2–82.3% of the population use traditional eye medicine. The aim of this study was to assess practice and associated factors among adult residents towards traditional eye medicine in Gondar city, North West Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 participants by using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 computer software. Association and strength between dependent and independent variables were determined using odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Results. A total of 600 respondents participated in the study with a 95 % response rate. From the total study participants, 73 (12.2%) (95% CI: 10–15%) had used traditional eye medicine in the past two years. Variables such as being unmarried (AOR = 0.48 (95% CI: 0.17–0.83)), being illiterate (AOR = 5.40 (95% CI: 5.3–12.3)), living in traditional healers available area (AOR = 2.84 (95% CI: 1.44–7.56)), poor access to modern eye care services (AOR = 2.11 (95% CI: 1.06–4.19)), and positive family history of traditional eye medicine use (AOR = 4.00 (95% CI: 1.84–8.67)) were significantly associated with traditional eye medicine practice. Conclusion. The proportion of traditional eye medicine practice was low in the past two years in Gondar city, Ethiopia, as compared to most African and Asian studies like south East Nigeria and Nepal, respectively. This may be due to the presence of tertiary eye care centers in the city that lets the residents prefer modern eye medicines over traditional eye medicines. Positive family history of traditional eye medicine use, being unmarried, being illiterate, poor access to modern eye care service, and availability of traditional healers had a significant association with the practice of traditional eye medicine. Community awareness about traditional eye medicine use is important to reduce the risk of complications even if the proportion is low.
Not Sunnis and not Shi’is, the Ibāḍī Muslims of Oman and some areas of North Africa form a “third branch” of Islam, with their own version of the Sharīʿa law. The development of this law displays many interconnections with the political history of the Ibāḍīs, which spanned from an independent sultanate in Oman, through minority status under Sunni rule in Tunisia and Libya, to isolated desert communities in Algerian Sahara. This article gives an overview over such interconnections between the political (state authority) and the legal, through history and in contemporary North Africa, with some examples of legal discussions from the “Ibāḍī renaissance” (nahḍa) in the twentieth-century Saharan oasis of Mzab.
The Kulango of Nassian, a Gur people living mainly in the North-Eastern territory of modern Ivory Coast, with a few villages scattered along the border in Ghana, are sedentary horticulturalists, whose relationships with the plant-kingdom they live in, share many characteristics with those typical of the Abron-Akan groups, but also of some Gur/Voltaic communities they live in contact with. Aim of this paper is to provide some examples of how these bi-dimensional cultural influences melted together giving life to the present day Kulango cultural identity.
The discussion is divided into three different parts.
Paragraph 2. contains an overview of the two most important ceremonial events of the Kulango agricultural calendar: a) the typically Akan yam feast and b) the typically Gur pearl-millet feast.
In paragraph 3. the focus moves towards the peculiar role of a tree, which the Kulango call the laasagyo and of two other vegetal elements which are still very important in the modern Kulango social world: a) palm wine, or taŋa in Kulango, and b) the kola nut, or pɛsɛ in Kulango.
Paragraph 4. will be devoted to an ethnolinguistic study of the conceptualizations of what is a plant and what is a mushroom according to the Kulango Weltanschaauung.
Abstract:This article explores one source through which African women’s sport history can be drawn and interpreted: the sport sections of African newspapers. In the case of Kenya, the major dailies,Daily NationandThe East African Standard, are repositories of information pertaining to the challenges that confronted female athletes. Taking into account the history and development of these media, the article addresses the question of why did Kenyan women lag behind their male counterparts in entering the sport at an international level? Focusing on the early post-colonial period, it is argued that institutional barriers abroad as well as economic and cultural factors at home disproportionately disadvantaged female runners in their career progression. These conclusions would be difficult to substantiate without investigating the Kenyan press, a valuable source for anyone seeking to access information about the lives of the women who have contributed to Africa’s sport history.
The 2003 local elections are the beginning of the exercise of local power by Renamo in Angoche. Which are the drivers behind this electoral outcome? Adopting a socio-historical perspective, this article seeks to understand how the political and administrative evolution of these territories influenced the exercise of local power. It argues that the relationship between the people and the State and the design and implementation of the ‘municipalization’ process led by Frelimo, since 1994, did not create proper conditions for the development of political pluralism. Since the dominant political party can resort to State resources, it has the ability to strengthen its political and electoral bases.
‘Abd Allâh al-Tijânî’s Riḥla contains a strong ideological charge polarized around the political question of order and violence. This article analyzes the literary manipulation of sacred operated by the author who resorts to characters and stereotypes in order to react, on a symbolic field, to the maritime weakness that affects the Hafsid kingdom – a regional power dominated in the Western Mediterranean Basin. It also examines the local rooting of a war-oriented discourse produced by a frontier society.
This article examines recent contestations over the commemoration of King Makhado of the Venda at the town of Louis Trichardt in Limpopo Province, South Africa. It draws on recent literature by historians and historical geographers in South Africa, Europe and the United States to assist in the analysis of the broader issues embodied in competing interpretations of commemoration. These approaches are applied to a specific case study: the recent controversy over the process of renaming the town of Louis Trichardt/Makhado and the subsequent erection of the King Makhado statue in Louis Trichardt along with the removal of the statue of Louis Trichardt. The controversy focused primarily on the scale and impact of the newly adopted name. The article analyses the politics behind this debate over commemoration. It concludes that the commemoration was an intentional, purposeful plan of the provincial government of Limpopo to rewrite not only the history of the town, but of the whole province in an effort to highlight the historical significance and contributions of African warrior kings who they felt had been marginalised over the years. The article also contends that 'city-texts' in Limpopo province represent an emerging social-political agenda that is prioritising towns and cities as places of commemoration, sometimes at the expense of Afrikaner memorials, and reflects on the utility of the concept of 'scale' as a way of understanding the changing politics of commemoration in Louis Trichardt/ Makhado.