Hasil untuk "History (General) and history of Europe"

Jagad Aditya Dewantara, Dasim Budimansyah, Wibowo Heru Prasetiyo et al.

This paper examines the civic identity of the Dayak people in the West Kalimantan border region within the context of ethnic transnationalism, emphasizing the role of custom and cross-border mobility. Recognizing that Dayak communities have historically lived beyond the boundaries of modern states, the study conceptualizes citizenship as a lived social experience that does not always align with nation-state logic. Using ethnographic methods, the research explores how Dayak people interpret citizenship through everyday practices, kinship relations, and cross-border interactions. The findings show that citizenship is understood situationally and pragmatically, particularly in relation to administrative needs and access to state services, while ethnic and customary identities remain the primary basis of social loyalty. Custom functions as a value framework regulating community membership, social relations, and attachment to ancestral lands across borders. Continuous mobility sustains a transnational social space where borders are negotiated administrative structures rather than rigid social boundaries. The study highlights the layered and dynamic nature of border citizenship and contributes to scholarship on indigenous transnationalism.

Leonardo Varasano

Beginning in the 1980s, the mediatization of soccer also manifested itself through the phenomenon of fanzines, instruments of information, but even more so of counter-information, dissonant and free voices. In this panorama, an original case study is that of the fanzine “Brigata Ultrà,” a folio of the eponymous group of supporters from Perugia’s north curve between 1994 and 2008. The “Brigata” has a strong territorial identity tied to a specific area of the city and with a political orientation dissonant with that of the Perugia curve: it is a “black” (i. e. right wing) group in a “red” curve (i. e. left wing). This composite identity takes on visible forms and manners that attract national attention. The group travels for years on away trips with a black bus recognizable by an eagle, a tricolor and a Grifo (the symbol of the city). Added to this is the frequent practice of physically following the Italian national team’s matches as well. The fanzine becomes the “voice” of the “Brigata” by proposing and nurturing, around soccer, multiple identities: that of the home neighborhoods, the one of the city, the one of the national, and the one of the politically right-wing oriented.

FRANK FUNKEYE SAPELE, AKUMKA JOSEPH YABAYANZE, KANYINSOLA AZEEZ

This research focuses on global climate change and adaptation strategies. Climate change globally has become one of the shocking certainties of the 21st era and it has made scientists to raise the need to drop worldwide temperatures further by 0.5 °C which makes a substantial difference in some areas of the world, particularly developing countries that are faced with the greater threat of climate change.  Developing States have become exposed to the damaging effects of climate change because of their varied climatic regions and these have affected their food production activities due to the deforestation problem, desertification, soil degradation, erosion, flooding, general habitat loss, depletion of natural resources etc. This study therefore attempts to examine the extent to which continuous climate change has affected the globe and how institutional frameworks have addressed the current situation in ensuring effective control across the globe. The research employed purely on secondary means to gathered data. This research structures its opinions with the human security model as its theoretical framework. Major findings showed that environmental degradation, desertification caused by climate change had greatly stunted agricultural production and government rules universally; climate change has increased food uncertainty, poor statistical analysis and implementation by government. The paper recommends that government should provide alternative means   like renewable energy, reduction of industrial carbons in tackling the menace of climate change globally, there should be reduction of emission of greenhouse gases by stopping deforestation, the use of high yield and disease tolerant crops, and also crops adaptable to high level of weather conditions, there should be easy accessible information on climate change effects to the public.

Martha Belén Zúñiga Contreras

El objetivo del artículo consiste en presentar un análisis histórico de la labor diplomática de Girolamo Prigione en México y las redes que consolidó para, por un lado, convertirse en el interlocutor privilegiado con el gobierno (junto con un selecto grupo de obispos que configuraron el Club de Roma) y, por otro, para conducir el destino de la Iglesia en el país. Para ello, se abordará su trabajo desde la perspectiva de los grupos inclinados a la Teología de la Liberación que vieron en él una labor más política que pastoral. Este es el elemento original, pues se reconstruyen los hechos a partir de la experiencia de este sector del episcopado mexicano y se retoman las tensiones que el protagonismo del Club de Roma generó en el resto de la Conferencia del Episcopado, aspecto poco abordado en la historiografía existente. Para cumplir con dicho propósito, se revisaron artículos publicados en la prensa nacional de la época, mismos que permiten conocer la postura de los actores al ocurrir los hechos; se realizaron entrevistas a personajes involucrados en el proceso; se consultaron documentos inéditos del Archivo Histórico del Arzobispado de México y se incluyó bibliografía especializada sobre el tema

N. N. Trubnikova, M. V. Babkova

“Konjaku monogatari-shu”, a collection of Japanese Buddhist setsuwa tales composed in XII c., has been studied by Japanese scholars using Western methodology from the end of XIX and the beginning of XX cc. That is also the time when Western scholars start mentioning it in their works. From the very beginning untill recent times publications dealing with “Konjaku” gave special attention to the appraising of the text: the authors speculated if we could put this record amidst other chefs d’oeuvres of Japanese literature, its main outcomes? Review of those speculations shows us some particularities of the history of XX c. Japanese studies. Depending on the period when this of those study was made we can find there problems of the origins of “Konjaku”, should they be found in folklore or in the literature, of the religious and artistic tasks of “Konjaku”. The answers to all these questions are determinative to a large extent for the suggestions made by scholars about the circumstances of creation of “Konjaku”, its author(s), its composition in the whole and the meaning of its particular tales.

Lysenko, S.S.

Bracelets with “projections”, “knobs”, “bulges”, etc. are quite often terms used in the literature. Moreover, the items called in this way have different decor and different dates. Researchers often cite completely different types of things as analogies. There is a need for a more detailed study of these bracelets. This paper deals with the selection of bracelets with projections from the territory of Eastern Europe. It is proposed to divide these items into types corresponding to the period of their existence: Hallstatt, La Tène and late Classical.

Adrián Magaldi Fernandez

Reseña: Servent, Pierre: Rudolf Hess. El último enigma del Tercer Reich. Madrid, La Esfera de los Libros, 2021, 540 pp., ISBN: 978-84-9164-973-1

Anne-Marie Miller-Blaise

This article focuses on Ben Jonson’s Entertainment at Britain’s Burse, initially performed on the occasion of the inauguration of Robert Cecil’s New Exchange in the Strand in the spring of 1609. Not only does this entertainment showcase the growth of early modern global trade; its text is also a key document in trying to understand the mechanics, the constructing and the staging of an “economy of gazes” from which commerce derives much of its special force and its ability to create surplus value. By drawing particular attention to the rhetorical structure of the entertainment as well as to the material qualities of the objects that were displayed, this study suggests that Jonson’s ambivalent work stages and enacts a transfer of the authority of the icon to market commodities, even while it cautions the audience against their fraudulent (and theatrical) potential.

Oleksandr SHNYRKOV, Oleksii CHUGAIEV

The paper assesses vulnerability of the EU exports to Ukraine to the current COVID-19 pandemic, which became the major challenge for societies and economies. The main current trends affecting the bilateral trade are discussed. A regression analysis is used to estimate the effects of demand and supply shocks, and changes in price competitiveness. The EU exports of fuels and road vehicles are the most sensitive to changes in the Ukraine's GDP, the exports of chemical products and telecommunication equipment - to devaluation of hryvnia. The most resilient EU exports to Ukraine included medicinal and pharmaceutical products, beverages and tobacco. The changes in consumption patterns under the quarantine measures also favoured stability of food and IT-services exports. The post-factum verification of results with the resent data confirmed most sector-specific effects. On average the EU exports to Ukraine turned out to be more resilient than to other countries.

Laurent Brassous

The archaeological investigations carried out to the south-east of the forum of the Roman town of Baelo Claudia have uncovered a number of phases in the monumental sector indicating reform, abandonment and reoccupation between the 3rd and 6th centuries. The structures uncovered, along with numerous associated objects and materials (coins, ceramics, glass, metal, fauna, etc.) throw new light on the history and the condition of the site in late antiquity, which between the end of the 4th century and its final abandonment in the 6th century resembled that of a large village rather than a town.

Danuta Janicka

Biografi e Franza von Liszta i Juliusza Makarewicza, mimo wielu różnic, wykazują pewne zaskakujące analogie. Wspólnym mianownikiem w obu życiorysach była działalność naukowa połączona z organizacyjną i polityczną – w ławach parlamentarnych. Zbieżność widoczna jest też w samym cyklu działalności naukowej – Liszt wykładał i tworzył w sumie przez blisko pół wieku, z tego 40 lat w Niemczech; Makarewicz rozpoczął działalność naukową w okresie zaborów i uprawiał ją przez ponad pół wieku, z tego we Lwowie – przez ponad 40 lat. Mimo wielu rozbieżności, w programach i polskiego, i niemieckiego uczonego pojawiły się podobne elementy. Wspólnym mianownikiem była przede wszystkim krytyka dotychczasowych sposobów walki z przestępczością oraz towarzyszące jej dążenie do znalezienia nowych skutecznych dróg walki z recydywą i przestępczością zawodową.

Erol Kömür

Bizde tarih derslerinin şu esaslara ne dereceye kadar uyduğunu düşününce, gözümün önünden harfi harfine Fransızcadan tercüme edilmiş ders kitapları, ayrıntılı kitaplardan- hiçbir eleme yapılmaksızın- özetleniyormuş  <<küçük tarihler>>… bunları ezberletmekle meşgul öğretmenler… Sultan Osman’ın sağ mı ölü mü olduğunu bilmeyen çocuklar… Kırım Savaşını bir Fransız- Rus Savaşı betimlercesine nakleden öğrenciler. Memleket almak ile elma almak arasındaki farkı takdir edememiş çocuklar. Takım takım geçiyor. Ve bana acı ve derin bir teessürle <<heyhat>> dediriyor. Bununla beraber bu karanlıklar arasında birkaç ışık da görünüyor ve bana bu gecenin sabahı uzak olmadığını haber veriyor. Bu ışıklar Ahmed Refik Bey’in <<Küçük Tarih-i Osmani>>si ile Ahmed Rasim Bey’in <<Osmanlı Tarihi>>dir. Bunlar, <<milli ve vatani tarih>>in yolunu açmıştır. Eğer bu küçük sohbetimiz de bu yolu az olsun aydınlatmaya hizmet edebilirse ne mutlu!

Laura SANCHO ROCHER

Silvia Helena Andrade de Brito

O objeto desse texto são dois manuais dedicados ao ensino de Sociologia na escola média:o primeiro, produzido nos anos 1930, é Princípios de Sociologia, de Fernando de Azevedo;o segundo, dos anos 1980, é o texto Sociologia, de Paulo Meksenas. O objetivo dessetrabalho é desvelar o conteúdo e proposta de utilização dos dois manuais analisados,considerando os distintos momentos da sociedade capitalista em que essas obras foramproduzidas. Para a descrição do conteúdo e das metodologias de ensino optou-se peloexame da apresentação, nos manuais, dos clássicos da Sociologia – Karl Marx, ÉmileDurkheim e Max Weber. Como conclusão, a análise das obras permite perceber como omanual vai se transformando no elemento direcionador do trabalho didático e como seusconteúdos são simplificados. Em função dessa perspectiva, as duas propostas dedicamparte de seus esforços a esclarecer como melhor utilizar o manual didático. Azevedo, aindanum momento de transição, discorre como seu texto poderia servir de guia ao trabalho deum professor cuja erudição seria importante na relação educativa. Já Meksenas, colocadono redemoinho do império do manual didático, não se furta a tratar pormenorizadamentedas tarefas a serem desenvolvidas pelo professor, tendo como guia o manual didático.

Lars S. Vikør

James Knirk kommenterte i førre CM artikkelen min i nummer 22 om Sigurd Jarlssons runeinnskrift, og eg sende ein svarreplikk til redaksjonen i vinter. Seinare har så Sverre Bagge skrive den artikkelen som står på dei føregåande sidene, og redaksjonen gav meg raust høve til å kommentere Bagge også. Eg har valt å gjere det slik at eg lét svaret til Knirk stå uendra som del I av dette innlegget, slik eg hadde skrive det før eg visste om Bagges artikkel, og så føyer eg til ein kortare del II der eg kommenterer nokre moment hos Bagge og oppsummerer.

D Viktorovich Yurkov

The article deals with the development of Spanish-Russian relations in the 1980ies. The «Program of Soviet-Spanish cultural and scientific cooperation for 1980-1981», offered for publication, was the first significant document signed by the Soviet and Spanish governments in the cultural and scientific field after the restoration of diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Spain.

N. G. L. Hammond

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F.J. Kossmann

H.W. van Essen

Alan Cameron

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