We conducted the study described in this paper to investigate the impact of ambient temperature on mortality in the Netherlands during 1979-1997, the impact of heat waves and cold spells on mortality in particular, and the possibility of any heat wave- or cold spell-induced forward displacement of mortality. We found a V-like relationship between mortality and temperature, with an optimum temperature value (e.g., average temperature with lowest mortality rate) of 16.5 degrees C for total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, and mortality among those [Greater and equal to] 65 year of age. For mortality due to malignant neoplasms and mortality in the youngest age group, the optimum temperatures were 15.5 degrees C and 14.5 degrees C, respectively. For temperatures above the optimum, mortality increased by 0.47, 1.86, 12.82, and 2.72% for malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular disease, respiratory diseases, and total mortality, respectively, for each degree Celsius increase above the optimum in the preceding month. For temperatures below the optimum, mortality increased 0.22, 1.69, 5.15, and 1.37%, respectively, for each degree Celsius decrease below the optimum in the preceding month. Mortality increased significantly during all of the heat waves studied, and the elderly were most effected by extreme heat. The heat waves led to increases in mortality due to all of the selected causes, especially respiratory mortality. Average total excess mortality during the heat waves studied was 12.1%, or 39.8 deaths/day. The average excess mortality during the cold spells was 12.8% or 46.6 deaths/day, which was mostly attributable to the increase in cardiovascular mortality and mortality among the elderly. The results concerning the forward displacement of deaths due to heat waves were not conclusive. We found no cold-induced forward displacement of deaths.
Integrating external heat into electrolysers can reduce the electrical power demand for carbon-neutral hydrogen production. Efficient operation requires detailed models that incorporate heat availability and its effect on startup costs. This paper advances existing operational models by endogenously modelling startup costs and direct heat integration, based on a piecewise linear approximation of the electrochemical equations. We analyse the impact of low- and high-temperature heat integration on the efficiency and profitability of hydrogen production for solid oxide and proton exchange membrane electrolysis technologies.
Emergencies inflict heavy casualties, economic losses, ecological damage, and significant social harm to society. By segmenting information topics and analysing emotional shifts, we can identify corresponding real-world events and their impacts, thereby providing guidance for timely responses to emergencies. In the past, public opinion monitoring of emergencies was based mainly on single-topic detection or emotion analysis, which cannot comprehensively evaluate the evolution of public opinion. In this work, word segmentation is applied to video comments related to various emergency situations. By utilizing the co-word network and Louvain algorithm for theme division, along with sentiment analysis constructed through time series analysis of sentiment value changes for various emergencies employing the naive Bayes method, the evolution of public opinion is comprehensively assessed. As a result, the pivotal nodes in the evolution of public opinion are identified and the evolution process is divided into stages. Using this method, relevant management departments can effectively address the majority of public opinions for various types of emergencies, addressing them from the perspectives of prevention, adjustment, and recovery. This approach not only enhances rescue efficiency and strengthens safety management but also actively guides the evolution of public opinion, ultimately providing society with solid and reliable security safeguards.
Mohamed Imam, Alesandros Glaros, Cheney Chen
et al.
This paper explores the potential of Building-Integrated Agriculture (BIA) as a strategy to align urban agriculture systems with building lifecycle sustainability goals. BIA systems such as indoor vertical farms, rooftop greenhouses, and soil-based urban farms promise to bolster urban food security and resource circularity. However, their environmental impacts can be further optimized via integration with building resources and strategic design, which requires a standardized framework for evaluating life-cycle metrics. This study develops a cross-industry Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework that harmonizes agricultural and building performance indicators, using carbon as a unifying metric to evaluate operational and embodied impacts. The research combines a meta-analysis of existing LCA studies, detailed case study evaluations, and novel paired metrics to quantify energy use, water use, and greenhouse gas emissions within a case study. Key findings identify operational carbon hotspots, infrastructure inefficiencies, and embodied carbon challenges while highlighting opportunities for integrating resource recovery strategies, such as greywater reuse and waste heat recovery. The results reveal trade-offs between productivity and environmental impact, with vertical farms demonstrating high yields but significant energy intensity, while soil-based systems excel in resource efficiency but exhibit lower output. This work introduces a structured methodology for cross-industry data integration and offers actionable insights for designers, growers and developers. By redefining system boundaries and incorporating reciprocal benefits between BIA and host buildings, this framework provides a pathway toward more sustainable urban agricultural practices and resilient urban ecosystems.
Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Food processing and manufacture
Abstract This study examines the thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of Therminol VP-1 oil flow through perforated conical hollow-type turbulence promoters installed in a solar Scheffler dish collector receiver tube, utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The research examines these configurations using the RNG k-ε turbulence model with conventional wall functions. Simulations are conducted at Reynolds numbers ranging from 3000 to 15,000, with relative perforated conical hollow-type turbulence promoters ratios (Per ID /Per OD ) varying from 2.11 to 2.33, relative turbulence promoter pitch (P TP /D tube ) spanning from 2.25 to 3.08, and a relative turbulence promoter diameter (DB inlet /DB outlet ) is constant at 2.0 to evaluate heat transfer and friction factor characteristics. An experimental analysis has been conducted on a solar Scheffler dish collector receiver using a plain tube with Therminol VP-1 as the heat transfer fluid to validate the CFD results for the current study. Moreover, the CFD results have been verified through a comparison with a conventional surface solar Scheffler dish collector receiver tube utilizing Therminol VP-1 as the heat transfer fluid. This comparison encompassed theoretical relationships and empirical data pertaining to the Nusselt number and friction factor. The CFD results for the plain surface solar receiver tube demonstrated important alignment with experimental data and theoretical predictions based on the standard Dittus and Blasius equations, exhibiting reasonable deviation throughout the analyzed range. Overall, the CFD results demonstrate that Therminol VP-1, combined with perforated conical hollow-type turbulence promoters, improves thermal efficiency, providing an effective approach for enhancing Scheffler dish receiver tubes while reducing excess pressure losses. According to thermal and hydraulic performance data, hollow-type conical turbulence promoters enhanced heat transfer, with the best performance achieved at Per ID /Per OD of 2.25 and a (P TP /D tube ) of 2.83.
We compute the full asymptotic expansion of the heat kernel Trace$(\exp(-tD^2))$ where $D$ is, assuming RH, the self-adjoint operator whose spectrum is formed of the imaginary parts of non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function. The coefficients of the expansion are explicit expressions involving Bernoulli and Euler numbers. We relate the divergent terms with the heat kernel expansion of the Dirac square root of the prolate wave operator investigated in our joint work with Henri Moscovici.
Abstract High temperature extremes accompanied by drought have led to serious ramifications for environmental and socio‐economic systems. Thus, improving the predictability of heat‐wave events is a high priority. One key to achieving this is to better understand land‐atmosphere interactions. Recent studies have documented a hypersensitive regime in the soil moisture‐temperature relationship: when soil dries below a critical low threshold, called the soil moisture breakpoint, air temperatures increase at a greater rate as soil moisture declines. Whether such a hypersensitive regime is rooted in land surface processes and whether this soil moisture breakpoint corresponds to a known plant critical value, the permanent wilting point (WP), below which latent heat flux almost ceases, remains unclear. In this study, we explore the mechanisms linking low soil moisture to high air temperatures. From in situ observations, we confirm that the hypersensitive regime acts throughout the chain of energy processes from land to atmosphere. A simple energy‐balance model indicates that the hypersensitive regime occurs when there is a dramatic drop in evaporative cooling, which happens when soil moisture dries toward the permanent WP, suggesting that the soil moisture breakpoint is slightly above the permanent WP. Precisely how a model represents the relationship between evapotranspiration and soil moisture is found to be essential to describe the occurrence of the hypersensitive regime. Thus, we advocate that weather and climate models should ensure a realistic representation of land‐atmosphere interactions to obtain reliable forecasts of extremes and climate projections, aiding the assessment of heatwave vulnerability and adaptation.
The implementation of the upgrading of the national coal electric power unit has provided a clear proposal to promote the clean and low-carbon transformation of the power industry. With the power of large-scale intermittent renewable energy and power generation, the electric crew should be flexible enough to adjust resources to achieve a depth of 35% THA. This article aims to propose a heat extracting and heat storage system for fire power plants, to realize the coordinated control strategy of the deep peak, and to explore the coordinated control strategy of the steam–molten salt heat exchanger, molten salt and water exchanger, and the turbine’s main control. The simulation results reveal that the coordinated control of the steam–molten salt heat exchanger, molten salt and water heat exchanger, and steam turbine control could reduce the depth of the fire power unit by 10% THA. The output power response speed of the thermal power unit is enhanced by utilizing the heat turbine, which could effectively enhance the output power response speed of the thermal power unit and increase the output power response speed pertinent to 302.55 s by 75.60%.