Hasil untuk "Environmental engineering"

G. O’Toole, L. Pratt, P. Watnick et al.

R. Baxter

E. Schadt

B. Krajewska

Babita Sharma, A. K. Dangi, Pratyoosh Shukla

Mingyu Sang, Jongwoo Shin, Kiho Kim et al.

Recently, graphene has been extensively researched in fundamental science and engineering fields and has been developed for various electronic applications in emerging technologies owing to its outstanding material properties, including superior electronic, thermal, optical and mechanical properties. Thus, graphene has enabled substantial progress in the development of the current electronic systems. Here, we introduce the most important electronic and thermal properties of graphene, including its high conductivity, quantum Hall effect, Dirac fermions, high Seebeck coefficient and thermoelectric effects. We also present up-to-date graphene-based applications: optical devices, electronic and thermal sensors, and energy management systems. These applications pave the way for advanced biomedical engineering, reliable human therapy, and environmental protection. In this review, we show that the development of graphene suggests substantial improvements in current electronic technologies and applications in healthcare systems.

Ibrahim Dincer, A. Abu-Rayash

The book series on Energy Systems publishes monographs and state-of-the-art expository works which focus on issues regarding the development of sustainable innovative technologies that improves the efficiency of resource and energy utilization. Some of the topics covered in the series are optimization algorithms in energy, power systems analysis, transportation technologies, distributed energy systems, process engineering and analysis in energy systems, environmental and security science and technology, and financial issues associated with energy.

D. Treutter

Jin Duan, P. Asteris, Hoang Nguyen et al.

Zhaohuan Wei, Yaqi Ren, Joshua Sokolowski et al.

School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu, China Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, New York State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China

P. Fennell, Steven J. Davis, A. Mohammed

Paul Fennell is a professor of clean energy at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London. His work encompasses the decarbonization and re-thinking of industrial processes, including the production of iron and steel and cement manufacture. He also works in the broader field of industrial decarbonization, including synergies between industry and power generation. Steve Davis is a professor of Earth system science and civil and environmental engineering at the University of California, Irvine, where he researches trends and drivers of GHG emissions, net-zero emissions energy systems, and the environmental impacts of energy production, climate change, and international trade. Aseel Mohamed received an MSc in advanced chemical engineering from Imperial College London. Her research focused on investigating the various decarbonization technologies used to capture CO2 emissions in order to mitigate climate change effects.

H. Baumann, F. Boons, Annica Bragd

Ahmad Arabi Shamsabadi, Mohammad Sharifian Gh., B. Anasori et al.

Antibacterial properties of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are of great interest in fields such as environmental engineering, biomedical engineering, and medicine. Ti3C2Tx MXene, a novel 2D nanomaterial, has been reported to have excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This paper presents the first study aimed at determining the primary antibacterial mode-of-action of the MXene. We studied the antibacterial properties of MXene nanosheets with lateral sizes of 0.09, 0.35, 0.57, and 4.40 μm against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis bacteria for 3 and 8 h in the dark. Quantitative analyses of bacteria species performed with complementary techniques, fluorescence imaging, and flow cytometry confirmed that the antibacterial activity of the MXene nanosheets is both size- and exposure-time-dependent. Smaller nanosheets showed higher antibacterial activities against both bacteria. For the first time, we applied broth microdilution assay to determine whether...

R. Lent, Steven D. Brown, Janet A. Schmidt et al.

Md. Rezaul Karim, Md. Atif Arham, Md. Jahim Uddin Shorif et al.

Abstract Preserving the quality of groundwater has become Bangladesh’s primary challenge in recent years. This study explores temporal trend variations in groundwater quality on a broader scale across 18 stations within the Dhaka division over 35 years. The data set encompasses an analysis of 15 distinct water quality parameters. Modified Mann-Kendal, Sens Slope and Mann-Kendal tests were performed to determine the trend’s variation and slope. In addition, the spatial–temporal changes in the quality of groundwater are studied through Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping and Piper diagram was applied to identify the unique hydrochemical properties. This is the first study conducted on this area using various trends analysis and no in-depth study is available highlighting the trends analysis of groundwater quality on a larger magnitude. In contrast, the correlation matrix reveals a high association between Mg2+ and SO4 2−, Na+ and Cl− that affects salinity and overall hardness at the majority of sites. The Piper diagram also demonstrates that the groundwater in Madaripur Sadar has major salinity issues. The analysis reveals a distinctive dominance of bicarbonate (HCO3 −) ions across all sampling stations, with (HCO3 −) equivalent fractions consistently ranging from 0.70 to 0.99 which can cause a significant impact on groundwater uses. This extensive analysis of long-term groundwater quality trends in the Dhaka Division enables researchers to comprehend the overall transition of groundwater quality for hardness related complications in future. Moreover, it can be a baseline study considering the valuable implications and future steps for sustainable water resource management in this region.

Tesfaye Bayu Zeleke, Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati, Solomon Adissu et al.

The trends of temperature and rainfall are critical indicators of climate change within a certain area. However, the existence of climate change is not locally understood in most parts of the world. This research aims to analyze the trend of temperature and rainfall in the Lake Tana Sub-basin as a means to understand the current and future status of climate change. The trends of temperature and rainfall were analyzed using the modified Mann-Kendall trend test, while the autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) was used to predict future temperature and rainfall. The findings reveal that monthly temperatures show a significant increasing trend for March, April, May, June, and December with Z-values of 3.96, 3.32, 2.64, 3.21, and 4.6, respectively. Seasonal and annual temperatures also show a significant increasing trend with Z-values of 4, 5.35, 5.08, and 4.41 for spring, autumn, winter, and annual, respectively. The Mann-Kendall trend analysis results show that monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall exhibit significant increasing trends for some months and seasons. The results of the ARIMA model suggest that the predicted values of temperature and rainfall will continue to increase over the next 10 years in the study area. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that there is a significant and increasing trend in temperature and rainfall, which will likely continue over the next decade, indicating the presence of climate change in the study area. The research findings suggest that temperature and rainfall have been increasing over time, leading to climate change in the study area, so sustainable lake management and urban development should be practiced to mitigate and adopt climate change.

Srinadh Kodali, Chris Flores-Lopez, Isabelle Lobdell et al.

Global herbicide-resistant weed populations continue rising due to selection pressures exerted by herbicides. Despite this, herbicides continue to be farmers’ preferred weed-control method due to cost and efficiency relative to physical or biological methods. However, weeds developing resistance to herbicides not only challenges crop production but also threatens ecosystem services by disrupting biodiversity, reducing soil health, and impacting water quality. Our objective was to develop a simulation model that captures the feedback between weed population dynamics, agricultural management, profitability, and farmer decision-making processes that interact in unique ways to reinforce herbicide resistance in weeds. After calibration to observed data and evaluation by subject matter experts, we tested alternative agronomic, mechanical, or intensive management strategies to evaluate their impact on weed population dynamics. Results indicated that standalone practices enhanced farm profitability in the short term but lead to substantial adverse ecological outcomes in the long term, indicated by elevated herbicide resistance (e.g., harm to non-target species, disrupting natural ecosystem functions). The most management-intensive test yielded the greatest weed control and farm profit, albeit with elevated residual resistant seed bank levels. We discuss these findings in both developed and developing-nation contexts. Future work requires greater connectivity of farm management and genetic-resistance models that currently remain disconnected mechanistically.

Olawale Emmanuel Rowland

Abstract Meteorological parameters play a major role in air pollutant concentrations as they create conditions that either hinder or facilitate the reaction and dispersion of pollutants in our environments. This is particularly evident in Europe, where frequent alternation of meteorological parameters has the potential to significantly impact pollutant concentrations. This study applied the R openair package to comparatively analyse the relationship between key meteorological parameters and NO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations measured at selected air quality monitoring stations in Krakow, Milan, and Paris in the year 2021. The study made use of meteorological data acquired from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Power data repository, and air pollutants data measured at air quality monitoring stations in each of the three cities. The air pollutants data were retrieved from European Environmental Agency’s Airbase. Concentration and correlation analyses were conducted using the relevant functions of the R openair package. Findings in the study revealed a positive relationship between temperature and O3, wind speed and O3; and a negative relationship between temperature and NO2/PM2.5/PM10. The study further revealed a negative relationship between wind speed and NO2/PM2.5/PM10, as well as a negative relationship between precipitation and NO2/PM2.5/PM10. NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations were higher in winter periods, weekdays, nights, and evenings, but lower in summer periods, weekends, and midday. Whereas O3 concentration was higher in summer periods, weekends, midday, and lower in winter periods, weekdays, nights, and evenings. NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 concentrations were higher during the periods without precipitation than periods with precipitation. In addition, temperature inversions were found to be linked with higher concentrations of NO2, PM2.5, and PM10, but lower concentrations of O3 in Krakow, Paris and Milan. Accordingly, the study recommends effective monitoring, increased awareness, the use of pollutant removing devices, and further research to enhance adaptation and advance knowledge.

Muhammad Ali Musarat, Abdul Mateen Khan, Wesam Salah Alaloul et al.

As construction projects increase in complexity, there are growing challenges with conventional monitoring methods in terms of efficiency, safety, and competitiveness. Traditional supervision techniques are labour-intensive, intermittent, and prone to errors. Hence, this study statistically evaluates the potential advantages of photogrammetry, sensors, and algorithms to enable continuous automated monitoring. The results of this survey were analysed to compare manual and automated monitoring systems. The outcome shows that the Malaysian construction industry is aware of Automated Monitoring Innovations for Efficient and Safe Construction Practices. The top ranked factor was Photogrammetry which had a relative importance index (RII) of 0.821 for straightforward site monitoring and 0.812 for accelerated 3D BIM modelling. The RII for sensors to track labourers, apparatus, and progress in real time was 0.82, while the RII for hazard anticipation was 0.796. Automation achieved a reduction in fatigue by 0.784, labour intensity by 0.792, and time demands by 0.768, as measured by the RII. A conceptual framework was developed that incorporates measurable improvements in schedules, safety, and quality control. Automated solutions, as opposed to human examinations which are prone to error, provided exhaustive geographical data and ongoing surveillance notwithstanding obstacles pertaining to cost, cybersecurity, privacy, and integration. Construction monitoring must incorporate new technology, strategic change management, data investments, and supporting regulations to increase profitability, safety, and efficiency as competition and complexity increase.

Nils R. B. Olsen, Subhojit Kadia, Elena Pummer et al.

A new OpenFOAM solver has been developed for computing the spatial variation of particle concentrations in flowing water. The new solver was programmed in C ++ using OpenFOAM libraries, and the source code has been made openly available. The current article describes the coding of how the water flow and particle movements are computed. The solver is based on a Eulearian approach, where the particles are computed as concentrations in cells of a grid that resolves the computational domain. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved by simpleFoam, using the k-ε turbulence model. The new solver uses a drift-flux approach to take the fall or rise velocity of the particles into account in a convection-diffusion equation. The model is therefore called sediDriftFoam. The results from the solver were tested on two cases with different types of particles. The first case was a sand trap with sand particles. The geometry was three-dimensional with a recirculation zone. The computed sediment concentrations in three vertical profiles compared well with earlier numerical studies and laboratory measurements. The second case was a straight channel flume with plastic particles that had a positive rise velocity. In this case, the results also compared well with the laboratory measurements. HIGHLIGHTS Open source 3D sediment model.; Based on OpenFOAM.; Simple and easy to learn.; Tested on computing trap efficiency of a sand trap.; Tested on computing suspended plastic particles in a channel.;