Hasil untuk "Economic growth, development, planning"

Edgar Ricardo Jiménez M´éndez, Nicolas Aguilera Peña, Raul Alberto Cortés Villafradez

Los pronósticos de variables económicas como la tasa de cambio o inflación son un instrumento esencial para las autoridades económicas, ya que basados en las expectativas de los analistas del mercado se toman decisiones que tienen efecto sobre la sociedad. Esta investigación presenta como objetivo determinar un modelo econométrico que sea útil para pronosticar la tasa de cambio del peso colombiano frente al dólar estadounidense USD/COP (TRM). Por esta razón se realizó un estudio cuantitativo mediante la aplicación de los principios ARIMA-GARCH usando como serie de tiempo datos diarios de la Tasa Representativa del Mercado (TRM) entre 1992 y 2022. Los resultados sugieren que el modelo calculado logró filtrar adecuadamente la información contenida en los rezagos mediante la prueba del Q-Stat sin problemas de autocorrelación simples al 5% de significancia estadística, lo que permitió establecer que los parámetros estimados para pronosticar la TRM son significativos. Por lo anterior, se concluye que el modelo tiene buena capacidad predictiva para el peso colombiano frente al dólar estadounidense en el corto plazo.

Antonio Gualberto Pereira, Carla Fernanda Uzeda Marques, José Sérgio Casé de Oliveira

We analyze the influence of investment opportunities and other corporate governance mechanisms on forming the audit committee of listed companies. We conducted quantitative research on 100 public companies listed on the Brazilian stock exchange from 2017 to 2022. The econometric model chosen to test the hypotheses, considering the estimations in unrestricted and restricted form, was the logit for panel data with random effects. The results indicated that investment opportunities do not significantly influence the voluntary constitution of an audit committee. But there is a relation between the audit committee and the independence of the board, the size of the board, and the entrenchment effect.

Chao Gao, Shasha Li, Maopeng Sun et al.

Urbanization has profoundly reshaped the patterns and forms of modern urban landscapes. Understanding how urban transportation and mobility are affected by spatial planning is vital. Urban vibrancy, as a crucial metric for monitoring urban development, contributes to data-driven planning and sustainable growth. However, empirical studies on the relationship between urban vibrancy and the built environment in European cities remain limited, lacking consensus on the contribution of the built environment. This study employs Munich as a case study, utilizing night-time light, housing prices, social media, points of interest (POIs), and NDVI data to measure various aspects of urban vibrancy while constructing a comprehensive assessment framework. Firstly, the spatial distribution patterns and spatial correlation of various types of urban vibrancy are revealed. Concurrently, based on the 5Ds built environment indicator system, the multi-dimensional influence on urban vibrancy is investigated. Subsequently, the Geodetector model explores the heterogeneity between built environment indicators and comprehensive vibrancy along with its economic, social, cultural, and environmental dimensions, elucidating their influence mechanism. The results show the following: (1) The comprehensive vibrancy in Munich exhibits a pronounced uneven distribution, with a higher vibrancy in central and western areas and lower vibrancy in northern and western areas. High-vibrancy areas are concentrated along major roads and metro lines located in commercial and educational centers. (2) Among multiple models, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model demonstrates the highest explanatory efficacy on the relationship between the built environment and vibrancy. (3) Economic, social, and comprehensive vibrancy are significantly influenced by the built environment, with substantial positive effects from the POI density, building density, and road intersection density, while mixed land use shows little impact. (4) Interactions among built environment factors significantly impact comprehensive vibrancy, with synergistic interactions among the population density, building density, and POI density generating positive effects. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the resource allocation and functional layout in Munich, emphasizing the complex spatiotemporal relationship between the built environment and urban vibrancy while offering crucial guidance for planning.

Philipp D. Belov

The study presents a study of Russian and foreign approaches to assessing the scientific and technological activities of scientific consortia. Scientific consortia are collaborations of scientific and educational organizations popular in Russia and in the world that allow effectively solving multidisciplinary scientific problems and have a significant impact on the scientific and technological development of the country. In Russia, as in the world, there are state programs aimed at providing grants for the creation of scientific consortia. To assess the activities of scientific consortia, as well as to assess the effectiveness of using the allocated grants, various approaches are used in Russia and abroad. The study presents the experience of assessing the activities of Russian consortia created over the past 5 years within the framework of the national project “Science and Universities”. Such consortia include world-class research centers (WCRC), worldclass research and education centers (WСREC), and regional research and education centers (REC). In addition, foreign experience in assessing the activities of consortia and organizations carrying out scientific research in European countries is analyzed. The study examines the European system for assessing the scientific activities of educational organizations, the Research Excellence Framework (REF), which is largely based on an independent examination of the obtained scientific results, both applied and fundamental. In addition, the article examines approaches to assessing consortia created within the framework of the Horizon Europe program, a key EU program for funding research and innovation, the funding amount of which for the period 2021-2027 is 93.5 billion euros. The program promotes cooperation and enhances the impact of research and innovation on the development, support and implementation of EU policies in solving global problems. The study examines indicators characterizing the effectiveness of scientific activities of scientific consortia used in European countries and Russia. Comparative tables of indicators have been prepared, which compare the indicators used in the Russian Federation and in European countries. Based on the results of the study, the author proposes recommendations for improving approaches to assessing the scientific and technological activities of both scientific consortia in general and individual organizations - members of consortia in particular. Indicators used abroad to determine the efficiency of a consortium’s activities are proposed, which can be applied in Russian practice. The recommendations can be useful for government agencies and commercial structures when creating an international consortium based on organizations located in Russia and foreign countries (for example, the EAEU countries).

Chinmayi Jayakumar, B. Ramdas, Suganya Sankaran

Education is often posed as the harbinger of progress in discourses related to the development of marginalised Indigenous communities. However, since they entered the mainstream schools in the 1960s, the four Indigenous communities of Gudalur, India have experienced various forms of injustice in seeking formal education. This article draws from the work of the Vishwa Bharati Vidyodaya Trust, a community-driven organisation that has been working on matters related to the education of these four communities since 1996, and two research initiatives that captures the community’s voices on their experiences and aspirations related to education, to put forth recommendations for practice that is geared towards greater equality and justice for the children of Indigenous communities. Rooted in the belief that the active participation of the community is crucial to devising solutions that truly address in a sustainable manner the historical injustices faced by them, the article outlines various interventions at different sites of learning that builds community ownership and nurtures a meaningful continuum between the home and school environment of the children.

Hongtu Deng, Baoliang Xu, Yan Zhao et al.

Seyed Hadi Arabi, Mohammad Hasan Maleki, Hamed Ansari

This research seeks to identify and analyze the drivers affecting the future of the income sources of social security organization. The theoretical population was the managers of the social security organization and experts in this field. The sampling was done judgmentally, and the sample size amounts to 15 people. Data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires. As for the findings, 35 sub-drivers were classified as economic, socio-cultural, structural, financial and investment, policy, marketing, environmental and legal drivers. These drivers were screened by distributing expert questionnaires and using Binominal's test. 13 drivers have significance coefficient of less than five percent and were selected for final prioritization. These drivers were evaluated by the Copras method and account for three criteria of experts' expertise, certainty, and importance. The driver of using the capacity of FinTechs and their innovations for financing and investment had the highest priority. Accordingly, the concluding suggestions were: using digital financial technologies and artificial intelligence to increase investment efficiency, using new financing methods such as crowd-funding, avoiding divesting loss-making companies to the organization, and strengthening good and efficient governance in the holdings of the organization.

Silvia Núñez García, María del Consuelo Dávila Pérez

Migration processes in Mexico are varied and complex; the country sends migrants abroad and receives returnees in addition to migrants in transit and others wishing to settle there. In this sense, Mexico may be considered a global migration hub (a country of origin, reception, transit and destination). This chapter focuses on transit migration and the reception of migrants seeking asylum, with a particular focus on migrant caravans from the Northern Triangle of Central America (Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador) between 2018 and 2020. These caravans, characterised by thousands of people (Kahn, 2018) fleeing their countries of origin due to situations of violence and threats to their personal security—in addition to economic factors—have posed challenges for Mexico’s domestic and foreign policies, especially in terms of its relations with the United States. In this context, we explore the actions and policies introduced to deal with migrants and refugees transiting Mexico, and the impact these have had. Taking mid-2018—the end of Enrique Peña’s presidential term—as the point of departure for our analysis, we examine Mexico’s migration policies more generally, together with the response of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador’s administration to Donald Trump’s immigration policies and the pressure the Trump administration exerted on Mexico to contain the flow of irregular migrants.

Ahmed Yerima, Eunice Uwadinma-Idemudia, Bridgette R. Yerima

The entertainment industry in its present state, as occasioned by the new wave of technology, is a ‘cash cow’. However, most African countries, Nigeria inclusive, are not fully tapping into its great potential to generate the required revenue for their economic growth and development. Anchored on the premise of cultural history, the paper adopts the historical research method to interrogate the concept of entertainment from the pre-colonial era to its current state and find the nexus between entertainment and the economic growth of nations. It finds that the entertainment industry is a gold mine that is not fully explored and concludes that Nigeria needs to capitalise on the new forms of technological advancement that could enhance and boost her economy. It recommends that young people need to be trained and repositioned in the process of driving modern entertainment and creative industries. Future researches need to explore ways Nigerians and Africans will learn to harness and absorb the positive changes in technological advancement and the digital revolution that is fast changing the face and pace of entertainment and the creative industries. This paper was limited by the shortage of schorly documentation on the emerging Nigerian creative industries.

Alisson Assis de Lima, Luiz Honorato da Silva Júnior

The aim of this paper is to seek evidence on the perception of public servants of the University of Brasilia regarding the practice of explicit constitutional principles of public administration in the caput of article 37 of the Federal Constitution. Some indicators were proposed to assess self-perception and perception about the practice of principles in the workplace and 893 research questionnaires were applied to the University's staff. The results suggest that the self-perception of to fulfillment is always greater than the perception of such principles in the respondent's work environment. Characteristics such as age and time work in the institution do not seem to interfere with the perception of the practice of the principles. On the other hand, characteristics such as gender, position and the fact of performing a management function are related to a greater or lesser perception of practice of the principles. The results of this work can contribute to institutional self-criticism and to the adoption of measures that improve the observance of such principles.

Vyacheslav Truba, Viktoriia Borshch, Olha Haran

The main purpose of the paper is to analyse the methodological framework for state regulation and public administration of the health care sector in the post-Soviet countries (the case of Ukraine). Methodology. This study combines economic, legal, and managerial analysis of Ukrainian healthcare system. In this study, a complex of the general scientific and special research methods was used to achieve the goal of the study. The method of historical and logical analysis of the literature was used. The functional and structural analysis was used with the purpose to research the state regulation of public relations in health care. Methods of comparative and statistical analysis and their synthesis were used to study the dynamics of development of legal basis in the health care sector. Method of summarization was used to make conclusions and recommendations for optimizing state regulation policy in Ukrainian health care. Scientific works of national and foreign scientists in the sphere of state regulation of health care sphere, national and international legal documents were used as the informational basis for the conducted research. Findings. In the paper, international basis for the formation of the Ukrainian state regulation mechanism is defined. The conceptual basis of state regulation mechanism is analysed. The difference between state regulation and public administration in healthcare is determined. Components of the healthcare market are allocated in order to analyse certain methods of their regulation. Main direct and indirect administrative and economic methods of state regulation in different medical markets are analysed. The framework for medical reformation is determined. Practical implications. The results of this study form the theoretical and methodological basis for practical improvement of the state regulation system of public relations in Ukrainian health care.

Baldomero Segura García del Río, Inmaculada Marqués-Pérez

Desde 1983 la administración española publica anualmente la Encuesta nacional de Precios de la Tierra con el objeto de medir la evolución de los precios de suelo agrarios. La Encuesta proporciona precios de referencia objetivos y libres de efectos especulativos, por Comunidades Autónomas y por los aprovechamientos más representativos en cada una de ellas. Bajo la hipótesis de que el valor del suelo está relacionado con su localización, se pretende comprobar la existencia de correlaciones espaciales entre los precios publicados y si podemos aplicar los mismos coeficientes de localización, o si es necesario introducir nuevos factores de corrección por localización.

Seyyed Farzin Faezi, Mohammad Reza Elyasi, Mojtaba Rafiean Bahabadi

Purpose: The main objective of this research is to develop and evaluate measures of rural housing landscape and the effect of strengthening on rural housing landscape of the village of Ahmedabad in Bahabad. The main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of rural housing rehabilitation on the landscape of Ahmadabad village from Bahbad which is based on the concept of landscape assessment. Design/methodology/approach: The purpose of this study as a methodology is applied, descriptive and field study. For data collection, documentation and survey method using a questionnaire for residents and technical observers have been used. To analyze the variables and indicators of the study, SPSS software and Chi Square and t tests were used. Also plan to analyze the effects of strengthening rural housing and perspective view and the village of Ahmadabad factor analysis, Bartlett test and the KMO indicator. Finding: Results indicate that strengthening many effects that may be positive or negative on the six performance indicators, aesthetic, economic, social and physical environmental and village have been studied. The results of the first test showed that some of the criteria related to performance indicators and aesthetic as due to zoning height, the proportion in the building, according to the settled units, compliance with the structure and the executive management and oversight of the village, in the 99% of variables appearance to furniture, flexibility and readability buildings, spatial unity and consistency of building styles, harmony between form, at 95%, which indicates a strengthening effect is significant. The second test results show that all the criteria of physical, economic, social and environmental influence of strengthening the fabric of the village of Ahmadabad to 99% to account for a significant level. Research limitations/implications: A lack of support from government agencies and the lack of statistical information on the type of tissue construction and existing buildings in the village Practical implications: According to research findings that show the direct relationship between the resistance and the perspective of the village, in the implementation of strengthening, the choice of materials facade and their implementation should be in a way that in addition to the rules and regulations of comprehensive plans and detailed and the high council urban Planning and architecture of Iran, offered to meet six criteria. Originality/value: Original innovation is in the provision of rural landscape assessment criteria. These criteria can guide those involved in retrofitting buildings rural housing. The proposed criteria can be used to analyze the beauty of the landscape, the villages designed to be used.

John Joshua

Shirley Benavides Vindas

El presente artículo tiene como propósito fundamental explicar, a nivel teórico, las principales características del estructuralismo y del neoestructuralismo, con el fin de asumir elementos que coadyuven al análisis del desarrollo productivo cuando existe claramente identificado un centro del desenvolvimiento económico social versus una periferia deprimida y heterogénea en sus estructuras. No se busca analizar casos particulares de países o regiones, desde este enfoque. La evolución del estructuralismo (finales de la década de los cuarenta y de los cincuenta) al neoestructuralismo (década de los ochenta) generó que se diera en el nuevo enfoque -como paradigma alternativo al ajuste neoliberal-, una superación del paradigma estructuralista original en el que se inspiraba; e incorporaba, al análisis los ciclos económicos, las asimetrías entre los centros y las periferias, los diversos efectos de la globalización por el regionalismo abierto y la desregulación; además, incluyó tres ejes relevantes: el económico, la equidad social y la autonomía nacional, aunque su base analítica continuaba siendo estructuralista. En esta nueva etapa se plantea el desarrollo desde la transformación productiva con equidad. El artículo pretende explorar, en la teoría del enfoque estructuralista y neoestructuralista, los principales elementos de análisis que desde esta perspectiva, pueden facilitar el comportamiento de los sectores productivos y de la caracterización de territorios, además, proporciona la información necesaria para la toma de decisiones en el diseño y ejecución de políticas públicas, que eliminen las fallas de los mercados periféricos con respecto a los denominados centros y así impulsar un mayor nivel de desarrollo.

Yolanda López Álvarez, Ana Salomé García Muñiz

A concili ación da vida laboral, familiar e persoal é un dos retos máis importantes nas sociedades desenvolvidas actuais. Neste traballo, desenvólvese unha análise estatística sobre a conciliación da vida nas diferentes comunidades autónomas, para determinar as posi bles diferenzas existentes. Para iso, tómase como referencia a Enquisa de Emprego do tempo 2009 - 2010, realizada polo INE. A aplicación de indicadores de igualdade entre homes e mulleres a estes datos permite desvelar as diferenzas en canto á igualdade soci al, calidade de vida, autonomía persoal, traballo doméstico e produtividade. Os resultados suxiren a persistencia da asignación tradicional de roles de xénero en canto á autonomía, calidade de vida e igualdade social, principalmente. A partir destes índice s, a análise factorial revela patróns diferenciados entre territorios, obtendo cinco grupos diferenciados de comunidades autónomas.

Shyama V. Ramani, Adam Szirmai

This article reports the results of a study conducted to gain insight into the worldmindedness of young people living in the Netherlands. Two groups are compared: students attending 'regular' Dutch schools and students attending international schools. A questionnaire measured the students' world-mindedness and their evaluation of their geography education in terms of global content and pedagogy. In our limited study, international school students were overall more world-minded than young people attending Dutch conventional schools. However, similarities were also seen: both groups were positive about values such as respect, diversity, and sustainability, and less positive about values such as solidarity and equality. International schools aimed more towards global learning than did Dutch schools, because of the experiential learning of students exposed to an international educational environment. In the opinion of the students, geography education at Dutch schools was often limited to learning about global issues and perspectives, while at international schools it seemed also to encompass learning for a global perspective.

Sulthon Sjahril Sabaruddin, Hartanti Nugrahaningsih

Abstract This paper analyzes the Indonesia-Chile bilateral trade opportunities based on their respective export competitiveness uses the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index for 2012. It finds that in general Indonesian exports to Chile are based on its comparative advantage, but the current exports still do not reflect its potential as most of the top ten Indonesian commodities with the strongest comparative advantage still do not able to penetrate the Chilean market. Meanwhile, the majority of the top-ten Chilean exports to Indonesia are based on its comparative advantage. Thus, both nations can still enhance bilateral trade relations particularly concerning with boosting trade relations based on their comparative advantage. Keywords: Comparative Advantage, Export Competitiveness, Bilateral Trade JEL classification numbers: F14, F15, F17 Abstrak Makalah ini menganalisis peluang perdagangan bilateral Indonesia-Chile berdasarkan daya saing ekspor masing-masing negara menggunakan index Revealed Comparative Advantage untuk 2012. Paper ini menemukan bahwa, secara umum, ekspor Indonesia ke Chile didasarkan pada keunggulan komparatif, tetapi ekspor saat ini masih belum mencerminkan semua potensi ekspornya karena kebanyakan dari sepuluh komoditas Indonesia dengan keunggulan komparatif terkuat masih belum mampu menembus pasar Chili. Sementara itu, sebagian besar dari sepuluh-besar ekspor Chili ke Indonesia telah didasarkan pada keunggulan komparatif. Dengan demikian, kedua negara masih bisa meningkatkan hubungan perdagangan bilateral terutama terkait dengan upaya perdagangan berdasarkan keunggulan komparatif masing-masing negara. Keywords: Keunggulan komparatif, daya saing ekspor, perdagangan bilateral JEL classification numbers: F14, F15, F17

Carlos Encinas Ferrer

La aplicación, a partir de 1980, de las políticas económicas neoliberales que buscaron fundamentalmente el desmantelamiento del Estado de bienestar, condujo al incremento en los niveles de concentración del ingreso y al aumento de la pobreza no sólo en los países subdesarrollados sino también en los industrializados. Este artículo presenta evidencia estadística de este fenómeno en los Estados Unidos de América, y en particular se ocupa de la manera en que el mismo afecta a los grupos más marginados de la sociedad capitalista moderna. Asimismo, se constata que en las décadas anteriores a 1980, época en la que se llevaron a cabo las políticas económicas y sociales del Estado de bienestar, se logró abatir los niveles de pobreza en los Estados Unidos y la concentración del ingreso permaneció estable, en contraste, luego de la aplicación de las políticas económicas neoliberales, se agudizó la concentración del ingreso en las capas altas de la sociedad.