Hasil untuk "Economic geography of the oceans (General)"

Viktor Voroshchuk, Oleh Kravets, Pawel Drozdziel et al.

This paper reviews the development and applications of hydrodynamic cavitation in water treatment, with a particular emphasis on the removal of organic and microbiological contaminants. A comparative analysis of published studies is conducted to evaluate the performance of various cavitation configurations, including Venturi tubes, diaphragm systems, and rotor-stator devices. The findings show that hydrodynamic cavitation combines mechanical, thermal, and radical mechanisms that enable the degradation of dyes, pharmaceutical residues, and persistent organic pollutants, as well as the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms. The analysis identifies cavitation number, flow velocity, pressure drop, and physicochemical properties of the medium as key factors influencing process efficiency. Practical implications include reduced chemical demand and lower energy consumption compared with conventional disinfection methods. The review highlights the potential of hybrid systems (HC+O₃, HC+H₂O₂, HC+TiO₂/UV), which often achieve over 90% COD and TOC removal, and indicates directions for optimisation and scale-up of cavitation reactors.

Wojciech Matys

The aim of the article is to analyse green space indicators in multi-family residential developments with respect to their consideration of trees and shrubs, and to demonstrate the need to extend the current Polish regulations on green area size by introducing a volumetric factor associated with tall vegetation. The study is based on legal regulations and urban planning standards applicable in Poland from the end of World War II (1945) to the present, on ecological-spatial factors adopted in Europe and other countries in the 21st century, and on the literature on the design of residential development complexes. The analysis shows that tall vegetation is currently evaluated using a surface-based factor. However, theoretical concepts and good design practice indicate the need to consider tall vegetation in terms of its volume. Trees and shrubs should be treated as three-dimensional objects with defined size and form, shaping the perception of the surrounding space. Finally, the study points to the necessity of supplementing existing green space indicators with a volumetric factor related to tall vegetation.

Anna Jasińska-Biliczak, Małgorzata Rutkowska

Eco-innovation involves developing products, processes, services, and business models that strengthen environmental sustainability and resource efficiency. This study explores its contribution to reducing organisational environmental impact and supporting smart infrastructure. The research applies a critical literature analysis and a benefit–cost approach to assess monetary balances, complemented by the time-saving method as a planning instrument. The findings show that eco-innovation can reduce emissions, limit pollution, protect biodiversity, and enable renewable energy use, although high initial costs continue to hinder adoption, particularly in emerging economies. These constraints may restrict implementation capacity in less developed regions and highlight the need for supportive policy frameworks. The study offers practical guidance for smart cities pursuing sustainable, low-emission development through intelligent planning. Its originality lies in introducing the time-saving method into eco-innovation planning, providing a novel tool for policymakers and researchers seeking to strengthen environmentally responsible urban systems.

Carlos De Juan

Entre el año 2020 y hasta el 2023, el proyecto del Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga de la Universitat de València contemplaba reexcavar los restos de la arquitectura naval del pecio de El Sec para proceder a su estudio in situ. Se tiene como objetivo el obtener datos para el estudio comparativo de las dos tradiciones navales principales de la Época Clásica, la fenicio-púnica y la griega. La nave de El Sec transportaba un cargamento comercial heterogéneo en cuanto a productos y procedencia, donde destacaban las ánforas griegas del Egeo, algunos ejemplares de ánforas grecoitálicas y púnicas del Mediterráneo Central, con una pequeña muestra de ánforas ebusitanas. También incluía vajilla ática de figuras rojas y barniz negro que en algunos casos presentaban grafitis poscocción, muchos de ellos en caracteres púnicos. Completaban la carga cerámica común y de cocina de tradición púnica, lebes de cobre y molinos de piedra volcánica. Todo ello permitió una datación tras el primer estudio del 375-350 a. C.

Artur Gajdos, Elżbieta Antczak

In this study, we employ a stepwise empirical approach to identify key occupational groups for green job (GJ) creation in Poland. We use the operating register of economic entities (REGON) and Polish Labor Force Survey (BAEL) data from the period 2015-2022. The changes in REGON reflect a proxy of changes in GJ stock in sectors of economic activity (PKD-2007). We estimate trends of green employment. Most sectors and many occupational groups have seen increases in GJ, except for agriculture, where the downward trend in employment has had a significant influence on the green labour market. Our findings will be useful when formulating policy recommendations for educational institutions, employment institutions, local governments, government institutions, investors, employers and students.

Stanisław Kowalczyk, Yuliia Zolotnytska

The technological advances seen over the last 250 years led to a radical revaluation of social and economic structures both on the level of individual countries and the world as a whole. One of the basic consequences of these changes, in addition to their obvious benefits, is the accelerated pace of consumption of natural resources, which, in some locations, takes the form of unbridled destruction of nature and the environment. In these conditions, the key question concerns the future model of economic development, including agriculture and rural areas. One idea that has become increasingly important since the 1970s/1980s as the future direction for change is the sustainable development of agriculture and, consequently, rural areas. This study attempts to define the level of sustainability of both agriculture and rural areas in a supranational configuration, and specifically through a comparative analysis of the relevant regions in Poland and Ukraine. The article employs two research methods: the scoring method and the ranking method. In total, the study was based on twenty variables. The studies that were conducted led to a number of conclusions concerning the sustainability of both agriculture and rural areas in the regional (supranational) configuration.

Elżbieta Lorek, Agnieszka Lorek

This article presents the concept of sustainable energy industry advancement. It also evaluates selected aspects of energy sector development in the context of current civilisation challenges, European Union policy and principles of sustainable energy generation. The primary objective of the paper is to answer the question of whether the development of the power industry in Poland and other EU countries is sustainable in selected social (the problem of energy poverty), economic (energy security issues) and environmental aspects (the development of energy based on renewable sources, including the subject of bioenergy). The research method applied in the article is based on the analysis of available literature resources, thematic reports, statistical data, and legal acts. The analysis of the problems selected for the article indicates that these issues still remain unresolved barriers to the implementation of sustainable development, and the currently escalating crisis phenomena (energy and economic crisis related to the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine) are not conducive to their effective and rapid elimination. Based on the above considerations, recommendations in relation to sustainability in the energy sector in Poland and the EU were deduced. 

Mariusz Kudełko

The article’s goal is to examine whether the existing EU environmental regulations implemented in the Polish electricity sector are consistent with the concept of internalisation of external costs. The tool used in the research is the partial equilibrium model of the mid-term development of the Polish power sector. There are two scenarios. The first ‘base’ scenario assumes gradual decarbonisation of the Polish energy sector. In the ‘int’ scenario, the structure of energy production results from the full internalisation of external costs. The structural changes in the ‘base’ scenario are a significant challenge. All coal-based technologies are being drastically phased out and will be replaced by RES and nuclear technologies. The climate policy leading to a gradual reduction of CO2 emissions in Poland makes sense, assuming much higher external costs of CO2 emissions (€65/Mg CO2 ) than those assumed in this study.

Joost C.A. Schokkenbroek

The generous request to write an article (again!) for Drassana – this time about the Hong Kong Maritime Museum (HKMM) – was a very timely one. The museum is re-inventing itself by expanding its mandate to combine the two more traditional fields of interest, study, and display – history and art – with a third one that is one the minds of so many visitors – the (marine) environment. In the following pages I take the reader through a bit of history (how did the HKMM come about?), a bit of the present (what has the museum turned into, what are the major priorities) and a bit of the future (how will the museum expand into this institution where history, art and (marine) science are represented in a cohesive manner).

Jolanta Anna Prusiel, Robert Grygo, Kevin Bujnarowski

The article discusses the possibility of utilization of both waste from CHP plants (Combined heat and power plants), i.e. fly ash, and PET plastic waste (polyethylene terephthalate), through processing into lightweight aggregate used to construct reinforced concrete beam elements to protect the natural environment. Properties of the utilized lightweight artificial aggregates are presented. Selected results of experimental tests in the area of load-bearing capacity and deformability of reinforced concrete beams made in the model scale are presented. An analysis of tests showed that beam elements made with artificial aggregate, despite its lower resistance to crushing, do not differ in terms of their load-bearing capacity compared to reinforced concrete beams made with recycled aggregate, with better flexural strength properties in certain cases.

Albert Forés Gómez

El Consorci Museu Marítim de Mallorca es constitueix a finals de l’any 2017, se n’aproven els estatuts el gener de 2018 i, tot seguit, s’hi obre un procés de selecció per a la direcció, que conclou el juliol de 2018.

Miquel Martí Llambrich, Glòria Ñaco del Hoyo, Alfons Garrido Escobar

La llarga trajectòria del Museu de la Pesca en la preservació de la memòria oral de la gent de mar de la Costa Brava ens porta a reflexionar sobre el paper dels museus en el tractament i la gestió del patrimoni immaterial marítim i pesquer. La reacció a la globalització i el creixement del turisme cultural han incrementat l'interès per la cuina marinera popular i han donat protagonisme a les receptes dels pescadors. A través de l'Espai del Peix, aquest patrimoni viu i actiu serveix per cohesionar la comunitat pesquera i esdevenir motor de desenvolupament local. S'hi descriuen algunes característiques de la cuina de barca elaborada pels pescadors locals i s'hi difon aquest coneixement valuós a la societat com a peces de museus.

Sylwia Słupik, Paweł Lorek

The notion of sustainable development becomes an increasingly important element in economic and social development planning. Therefore, in this context, such notions have appeared as: sustainable consumption, sustainable product or sustainable enterprise. The first part of the article contains identification of the notion of a sustainable enterprise and the determinants characterizing such an entity. In the second part an attempt has been made to assess whether the product in the form of an electric energy consumption management system can be considered a sustainable product. This evaluation has been conducted using the analysis of potential economic, social and environmental effects accompanying the use of electric energy consumption management systems in households. This assessment is to estimate the chances for obtaining the sustainability status by IT enterprises. 

Dariusz Starkowski, Paweł Bardziński

The article discussed the process of road transport operation planning connected with municipal waste transport and the organization of mixed waste collection on the example of shipping routes analysis carried out by means of transport of a service company in Wałcz commune in West Pomeranian voivodeship. The article consists of seven parts, all of which present elements of a planning and transport process connected with municipal waste in road transport from legal, technical and economic perspective. Legal information concerning a road transport of goods was provided along with conditions that have to be met in order to perform this kind of transport and business activity. Moreover, technical and legal aspects of municipal waste transport vehicles were approached. The article covered as well the characteristics of: transport process, transport technologies, transport systems, the analysis of work capacity onthe basis of drivers’ working time and a description of optimal routes for providing services in the commune taking into consideration a technological process of municipal waste transport step by step. The aim of the article is to present the rules of municipal waste: management, storage, segregation, keeping appropriate records of waste in municipal enterprises. 

Joanna Pietrzak-Zawadka, Jan Zawadka

The aim of the article is to show the specifi city of nature museums and their functions in the fi eld of natural and forest education. The paper presents the idea of nature museums in Poland and their functions (eg. educational, informative, fun). Discusses the activities of museums with collections  of natural and isolated from this collection of museums typically forest museums. The analysis and the results show the diversity of these institutions on many levels: location, content of collections (the specifi cs of collection), the presentation of collections, educational activity.

Joachim Maes

STRESZCZENIE: Działanie 5 sformułowane w Unijnej Strategii Bioróżnorodności do 2020 r. zobowiązuje kraje członkowskie do rozpoznania i oceny ekosystemów oraz dostarczanych przez nie świadczeń (MAES). Ostatnie analizy wskazują, że działanie to zostało zainicjowane przez prawie wszystkie kraje członkowskie Unii Europejskiej. Oceny na poziomie krajowym są wspierane wytycznymi przygotowanymi przez Grupę Roboczą MAES (raporty techniczne MAES). Podejście MAES jest oparte na modelu “wspólnota praktyk”, zgodnie z którym naukowcy i politycy wypracowują wspólnie wskazania dla państw członkowskich, oparte na ich wiedzy oraz ekspertyzach dotyczących ekosystemów i ich świadczeń. Ocena w skali europejskiej jest prowadzona w oparciu o czteroetapowe postępowanie: rozpoznanie ekosystemów, ocenę stanu ekosystemów, kwantyfikację świadczeń ekosystemów oraz integrację wyników uzyskanych na powyższych etapach w celu wsparcia procesu tworzenia i wdrażania polityk. W artykule zaproponowano trzy podejścia dla rozwiązania wątpliwości, które pojawiają się podczas rozpoznania i oceny ekosystemów oraz w trakcie wykorzystywania tej wiedzy na potrzeby polityki: lepsze rozpoznanie publikowanych dowodów naukowych, porównanie rezultatów procesu MAES w różnych skalach przestrzennych, a także jednoczesne współtworzenie wiedzy przez naukowców i polityków.

Robert Terradas Muntañola, Esteve Terradas Muntañola