Hasil untuk "Ecology"

W. Verstraete, D. Focht

A. Underwood, P. Fairweather

R. Harrington, F. Slansky, J. Rodríguez

K. Lajtha

T. Yee, N. Mitchell

J. Cresswell, A. Dafni

安部 琢哉, D. Bignell, 東 正彦

Zhirong Xu, Wen Ding, Wen Ding et al.

AimGuided by the health ecology model, which posits that an individual’s health is shaped by the dynamic interplay between personal and environmental factors, we investigated factors associated with depression in community-dwelling older adults with multimorbidity and developed a nomogram-based risk prediction model. While previous research has predominantly focused on depression in the context of single chronic diseases, the psychosocial and clinical complexities inherent to multimorbidity remain largely overlooked. This study addresses this gap by constructing a tailored prediction model that integrates the multidimensional determinants of depression in this vulnerable population.MethodsUsing convenience sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 679 older patients with chronic diseases from 12 community health institutions in China between March and August 2023. Participants were randomly divided into a training group (n = 475, 70%) and a validation group (n = 204, 30%). Depressive status was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15). Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with depression, based on which a nomogram prediction model was constructed. The model was internally validated using the Bootstrap method with 1,000 resamples. Its predictive performance was comprehensively evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.ResultsThe prevalence rate of depression among older community residents with comorbid chronic conditions was 29.90%. We identified specific predictors for depression in this population: age ≥ 80 years, excess body weight, types of medication, self-management (the ability to actively manage one’s health conditions), self-efficacy (confidence in one’s ability to perform health-related actions), and educational level. For the training group, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.815, indicating a model accuracy of 74%, a sensitivity of 79%, and a specificity of 72%. Hosmer-Lemeshow fitting testing results in a χ2 value of 8.801 (p = 0.359).ConclusionOur new predictive model for the risk of depression in older patients in the community with multiple chronic diseases exhibited good discrimination, calibration and clinical practicability, serving as a valuable reference for the early detection of depression among this population.

Hans Lambers, F. Stuart Chapin, T. Pons

Miora V. Rakotoarisoa, Stéphanie M. Carrière, Herizo Randriambanona et al.

The plantation of fast-growing exotic species is an increasing phenomenon in tropical regions, with eucalyptus being the most prevalent species. Eucalyptus plantations (EP) have the potential to facilitate the regeneration of native species; however, in some cases, they may also hinder this process. The factors influencing the effects of EP on the regeneration of native species remain poorly understood. This study aims to identify the conditions that make these plantations favorable or unfavorable for the regeneration of native species. We investigated EP in agricultural landscapes in the south-eastern Malagasy highlands, located at the edge of dense rainforest. Floristic surveys were conducted in 20 EP situated at varying distances from natural forest fragments (near<950 m, in forest edge; intermediate/far>950 m in savannah). The understory of EP was characterised by a high abundance of native species. However, they were found to be more abundant and diverse in the intermediatestory of EP located near natural forest fragments. These native species are still in the early stages of plant succession, as they have essentially occupied the understory of the EP and contribute minimally to the basal area. The basal areas of native species in EP sites adjacent to natural forests are, in fact, comparable to those found in 0–5-year-old slash-and-burn fallows, which also occur on the periphery of natural forests. EP established in savannahs away from natural forests can act as catalysts for the natural regeneration of native species that would not occur without them. Conversely, EP on the edge of or within natural forests slow down the natural regeneration of native species, which would develop more rapidly in their absence. This study emphasises the significance of landscape spatial context in optimising the role of EP in the conservation and restoration of tropical forest ecosystems.

I. Hodek, A. Honěk

A. Read, L. Taylor

R. Ulanowicz

Nana Guo, Xinbin Liang

Green infrastructure(GI) is important vehicle for mitigating urban heat islands(UHIs), and cold island areas can have real cooling effect on urban surface heat. Research on structural cooling strategies using GI network landscape connectivity as an entry point has gradually become a research hotspot; however, research lacks on enhancing GI cooling efficiency (cold island patch cooling effectiveness utilization or potential development) and dynamic construction adaptability. Tthe stability of a UCI network (UCIN) structure based on GI in different contexts can effectively enhance the efficiency and resilience of urban thermal environment regulations. This study considered the typical city of Bengbu and proposes an urban thermal environment research framework based on the robustness of UCINs, and land use and land surface temperature (LST) data, We extracted the core patches of GI by morphological spatial pattern analysis and screened UCI attributes to determine the UCIN source, constructed the resistance surface of thermal environment with the help of LST characteristics of land use, extracted UCIN corridors by the minimum cumulative resistance, and constructed the UCIN based on GI (GI-UCIN) in the mode of “source-corridor”. On this basis, the robustness characteristics of the UCIN were simulated with the help of multi-scenario network destruction experiments, the space to maintain the robustness of the UCIN structure was clarified, and the development and protection strategy of urban land classification to maintain the efficient and stable cooling effect of the GI-UCIN was proposed. The study shows that: (1) GI in Bengbu is the primary component of the UCI space, which can effectively break the spatial continuity of UHI patches; (2) GI-UCIN has the characteristics of a hollow outer dense circular structure and (3) the top 20% of GI-UCIN source nodes in the centrality ranking are key nodes in maintaining the effectiveness of the GI-UCIN. The results can provides a quantitative basis for determining the policy application point of GI development and protection oriented toward improvement of UHI; simultaneously, the research method can provides a new idea for urban cooling strategies, and further connect with urban planning and management.

M. Scott

N. Hart

P. Saenger

Kimberly A. With

J. Nassauer, P. Opdam

Todorović Jovana D., Petrović Nevena N., Kosanić Marijana M.

The objective of the research is to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of acetone extracts of the mushrooms Macrolepiota mastoidea, Clitocybe nebularis, Lepista nuda, Chroogomphus helveticus, Lactarius deliciosus, Russula atropurpurea, and Ramaria stricta. The microdilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and assess the antimicrobial effects against five bacterial and ten fungal species. Extract of C. helveticus exhibited more powerful antimicrobial properties, with ranged MIC values from 0.16 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL. The assessment of the antioxidant activity involved: measuring the ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, conducting a reducing power assay, and determining the quantities of total phenolics and flavonoids in extracts. The findings of the research indicate that the extract from C. helveticus exhibited greater antioxidant potency (IC50 = 395.15 mg/mL). The strongest effect of reducing power showed extract of C. helveticus. The highest content of total phenols and flavonoids was detected in the extract of C. helveticus.