Strategic emerging industries (SEIs) have the potential to be a nation’s leading industries in the post-industrialization era. Exploring the spatial distribution of SEIs and the impetuses of their location choice plays a key role in formulating policies conducive to regional industrial and economic development. However, most studies on relevant topics neglected the impact of institutional environment and local innovation on the formation of spatial patterns of SEIs. By investigating 12,979 industrial enterprises in China, this research applied spatial autocorrelation and spatial regression analysis to explore the spatial characteristics of SEIs and identify the variables affecting the location selection of SEIs that result in these spatial patterns. The findings indicated significant spatial differences in the spatial distributions and agglomeration patterns of SEIs. Institutional environment, local innovation, and regional economy have significant impacts on the location choice of SEIs. The interactive effects of local innovation and institutional environment on the spatial agglomeration of SEIs revealed that a higher degree of decentralization and stronger local innovation capability would promote a stronger agglomeration of SEIs. Regions with strong (weak) marketization and weak (strong) institutions of higher education would promote SEIs agglomeration. Based on the findings, policy options were suggested to facilitate SEIs planning and differentiated pathways of industrial transformation.
Buildings are an important part of the urban scene. In this paper, a novel instance segmentation framework for 3D mesh models in urban scenes is proposed. Unlike existing works focusing on semantic segmentation of urban scenes, this work focuses on detecting and segmenting 3D building instances even if they are attached and occluded in a large and imprecise 3D surface model. Multi-view images are first enhanced to RGBH images by adding a height map and are segmented to obtain all roof instances using Mask R-CNN. The 2D roof instances are then back-projected onto the 3D scene, the accurate 3D roof instances are obtained using a novel 3D clustering method and two post-processing steps which preserve the largest connected region and remove the model ambiguity. Finally, the 2D convex hull of each 3D roof instance is calculated and the model is divided within the range into building instances. The performance of the proposed methods is evaluated using real UAV images and the corresponding 3D mesh models qualitatively and quantitatively. Results revealed that the proposed method could effectively segment the model of the urban scenes and building instance is obtained, the over-segmentation masks can be clustered correctly into roof instances and the under-segmentation masks caused by image segmentation errors are eliminated.
Candi bentar is a gate or the main door to enter a specific area, such as temple and palace in Bali. However, in the current situation, it can be found in many entries points to various premises, including a border between areas, a house, and public facilities. Puru Sada Temple, one of Kahyangan Jagat Temples located in Badung Regency of Bali Province, has a candi bentar, which at first glance similar to that of the Wringin Lawang Temple - a legacy of the Majapahit Kingdom of East Java. In terms of scale, however, the size of the Puru Sada Temple’s candi bentar is smaller. The purpose of this study is to discuss the visual characters of candi bentar in places that functioned for worship by taking Puru Sada Temple as its case study. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Its analysis is supported by relevant views offered by both Yudoseputro (2008) and Ching (1991). This study finds that intimacy has been a dominant visual character supported by the existence of sacred ornaments that are considered as guarding figures.
Keywords: visual character; candi bentar; gate; Puru Sada Temple
Abstrak
Candi bentar adalah gerbang atau pintu utama dalam memasuki area khusus seperti pura maupun puri di Bali. Namun saat ini candi bentar dapat ditemukan di berbagai tempat seperti perbatasan daerah, rumah tinggal, dan fasilitas umum. Pura Puru Sada termasuk dalam Pura Kahyangan Jagat berlokasi di Badung memiliki candi bentar yang sekilas mirip dengan Gapura Wringin Lawang peninggalan Kerajaan Majapahit di Jawa Timur. Namun ukuran candi bentar Pura Puru Sada lebih kecil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membahas karakter visual candi bentar di tempat suci dengan mengambil Pura Puru Sada sebagai studi kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan pedekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Dianalisa dengan teori relevan yang ditawarkan oleh Yudoseputro (2008) dan Ching (1991). Studi ini menemukan jika intimasi merupakan karakter visual dominan yang didukung dengan adanya ornamen sakral sebagai sosok penjaga.
Kata kunci: karakter visual; candi bentar; gapura; Pura Puru Sada
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) structures using high-strength materials have been increasingly used in civil engineering due to their exceptional mechanical performance. A comprehensive numerical analysis was performed in this study, where a finite element model was established for a CFST stub column using high-strength materials with consideration of fire and load combinations. The influence of critical parameters to the resistance in axial compression were analyzed based on the verified model, including the fire exposure time, the axial load level, the confinement factor, etc. The results showed that the residual resistance of a high-strength circular CFST (HCFST) column in axial compression decreased with the increase of axial load level and fire exposure time, while it increased with the increase of material strength.
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), City planning
There is a growing recognition of the need for daily contact with nature, to live happy, productive, meaningful lives. Recent attention to biophilic design among architects and designers acknowledges this power of nature. However, in an increasingly urban planet, more attention needs to be aimed at the urban scales, at planning for and moving towards what the authors call “biophilic cities”. Biophilic cities are cities that provide close and daily contact with nature, nearby nature, but also seek to foster an awareness of and caring for this nature. Biophilic cities, it is argued here, are also sustainable and resilient cities. Achieving the conditions of a biophilic city will go far in helping to foster social and landscape resilience, in the face of climate change, natural disasters and economic uncertainty and various other shocks that cities will face in the future. The paper identifies key pathways by which biophilic urbanism enhances resilience, and while some are well-established relationships, others are more tentative and suggest future research and testing.
Roya Etminani-Ghasrodashti, Ronik Ketankumar Patel, Sharareh Kermanshachi
et al.
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) utilize new technology that promises to enhance transportation equity, accessibility, and safety; however, their acceptance by consumers, as well as their future performance, is reliant upon the planners understanding the public’s perceptions of the current transportation services. Most of the existing studies that evaluate the public's opinions and perceptions of AV technology were conducted by using stated preference surveys in metropolitan areas with multiple public transit options; little emphasis was given to a qualitative approach that included all of the potential users. This study explores the concerns and preferences of future riders about the integration of a shared self-driving shuttle into an existing ridesharing service in a city with no existing public transit system, multiple population segments, and potential users. Utilizing a qualitative approach, we conducted three focus groups that were comprised of the general public; university faculty, staff, and students; and people with disabilities in Arlington, Texas (n = 24). A content analysis method was implemented to analyze the data and identify the main themes and subthemes related to each discussion. The results revealed that all three groups identified service accessibility, flexibility, and reliability as the factors that most strongly shape the demand for existing transportation services. Additionally, people with disabilities cited the capacity of the existing paratransit service and the lack of access to distant health care facilities as barriers that frequently prevent them from using the service. Participants also expressed their concerns about the proposed shared autonomous vehicle (SAV) service, and while accessibility and safety were the primary concerns, they also worried about the capacity of the service, the trip cost, and provisions for people with disabilities. Participants with disabilities indicated that they would adopt the SAV as long as service planners provide a supportive environment such as access to sidewalks, ramps, and curb cuts in the pick-up and drop-off locations. This study provides insights into transportation strategies that can integrate SAVs into existing on-demand ridesharing services to improve people's mobility needs. To predict the short-term and long-term adoption of an SAV deployment, it is essential to identify the potential users' concerns, preferences, and expectations of self-driving technology. The research findings are expected to support transportation planners and policymakers in their quest to recognize and utilize the most effective ways to promote the efficiency of SAV services.
Building Urban Resilience in East Asia is a World Bank program that aims to increase the resilience of cities to disasters and the impacts of climate change by using a risk-based approach to making public investment decisions. The objective is to demonstrate a scalable methodology and practical tools for risk assessment that can be used for city-level investment decisions. Working closely with the stakeholders involved in land use planning and infrastructure development, phase one of this program identified the major challenges facing urban decision makers in terms of risks from natural disasters and climate change and now offers open-source risk assessment tools that can be used by city-level institutions, other communities, private investors, and planners of infrastructure services. Phase two explores different investment options, management plans, and capacity building needs. The goal is to formulate a strategy in which flexible and 'low-regret' measures can be cost-effective even when risks are uncertain. Taking into account future risks and uncertainties, resilience relies on redundancy. Cities facing difficult decisions about scarce resources and investments strive for efficiency. Financial approaches to urban disaster resilience should reduce the negative impacts of disasters on individuals and communities, the private sector, and public entities.
In sub-Saharan Africa, the urban majorities are financially excluded from the formal housing markets and reside in informal settlements. Limited knowledge on the development of informal settlements compromises the efficacy of urban planning and policies targeting such areas. This study presents an analysis of informal urban land use in four major cities in East Africa, as well as an analysis of urban form and household conditions in a case study area in each city. The study found more compact urban form, higher levels of tenants and overcrowding, and lower levels of access to water and sanitation in the examined cities with limited informal urban land use. The study argues that government repression of informal urban development decreases informal land supply and leads to increased competition in the informal land market, causing higher costs of accommodation and consequent fewer household resources for investments in infrastructure and thereby more compromised livelihood. The study argues that governments should accept some modes of informal development, simplify the urban development administration processes, and use technological innovation in land surveys and management, in order to lower costs of accommodation and improve livelihoods for the urban majority financially excluded from the formal housing market in East Africa.
This study uses choice experiment to investigate men and women consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay for edible mushrooms in Ghana. We used a mixed logit model to examine preference heterogeneity. The econometric modelling revealed that men consumers have a negative utility for oyster mushrooms compared to straw mushrooms. They also have preference for cheap and locally cultivated mushrooms compared to expensive and imported mushrooms. However, women consumers have preferences for the shiitake mushroom variety compared to the straw mushroom variety. They also prefer cheap mushrooms irrespective of their location and such mushrooms must be frozen and not fresh. The findings highlight variation between men and women in preferences for mushroom variety, however, both have preferences for low prices, suggesting that both genders are economically rational and obey the law of demand.
JEL codes: B21, D12
Background: Ethnobotany is the study of a regionchr('39')s plants and their practical uses through the traditional knowledge of a local culture and people. Traditional plant usage for medicinal purposes is a main part of indigenous people culture which has been formed during centuries in rural area. This knowledge has played important role in the development of new drugs on the modern medicine.
Objective: The present study was conducted with the purpose of introducing the traditional usage of medicinal plants of Shazand city for medicinal purposes.
Methods: The data were collected through field surveys, face-to face interviews with local botanist and documentary studies. After samples collection, plant species were identified and local name, life form, therapeutic characteristics, used plant organs, routes of administration were gathered.
Results: In this study, 56 plant species belong to 23 families were identified. The most frequently used plant was as comforting, healing wounds, stomach tonic, painkiller and anti-inflammation and other use in traditional medicine that they can be exploited with careful planning and management.
Conclusion: Shazand with 56 medicinal plant species is considered a rich source of these valuable plant; and this provide suitable field to increase the area under cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants, afterwards to reduce wild-harvesting medicinal plants from natural areas.
Previous studies on urban land use/cover change emphasised the role of economic forces in producing population growth and its attendant land use/cover changes, almost to the exclusion of other important factors. In spite of a swelling literature on land use/land cover changes, studies comparing these changes before and after changes in the administrative status of cities are rare. This study therefore investigates the effect of change in the administrative status of a medium-size city on the urban expansion and land use/cover change with specific interest in assessing the trends and spatial patterns of land use/cover changes in pre-capital city period (1972-1991) and post-capital city period (1996-2016) of Osogbo, Nigeria. Landsat MSS, TM and ETM+ imageries (1972, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2006, and 2016) and population data were used in this study. Maximum Likelihood Classification was employed to categorise the images into built-up areas, vegetation cover, and water bodies. The study revealed that the city expanded axially along major lines of communication in the pre-capital years while some were filling up and intensification of urban land use was noticed in the post-capital years. While the built-up area grew at an annual rate of 2.8% in pre-capital status years (1972 to 1991), the growth accelerated in post-capital status periods (1996 to 2016) 4.7% annually. This study has shown that change in the administrative status of the city contributes to the city’s land use/cover changes through accelerated expansion in areal coverage and densification of the urban land use with attendant loss of vegetation and water bodies. City managers, therefore, should consider future changes in cities’ administrative role in their urban land use planning.
This study examines the time-varying long-term stock market interdependence between china and the ten emerging economies, using Johansen co-integration and Dynamic Conditional Correlation-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (DCC GARCH) model. It analyses the dynamic association between the equity markets and the macroeconomic determinants using panel regression analysis. Findings/originality: The results indicate that the Chinese stock market are co-integrated with the stock market of the other emerging markets. It confirms that the relationship between china and the other emerging economies has been increasing over time. It concludes that there is long run interdependence between the Chinese and the other emerging economies. In addition, the results of the panel regression show that macroeconomic determinants have no significant effect on the equity market correlations between China and the ten emerging economies.
Economic growth, development, planning, Regional economics. Space in economics
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perception of healthcare professionals in improving the quality of services in healthcare centers by deploying the platform of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). Individual attributes, organizational impression, information, and the system quality of ERP have been used to evaluate the overall influence of integrated planning systems on health care service quality. A mixed methods approach is used to collect and examine data through triangulation. Data for the empirical study was collected from 279 medical professionals of five healthcare organizations operating in the city of Lahore, Pakistan, through a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics squared multiple correlations and reliability coefficients were used as data analysis tools. Moreover, the goodness of fit test of the structural model was conducted through AMOS 20. All given dimensions of ERP are postulated to have a positive effect on healthcare service quality. The results reveal that the use of an enterprise planning system has a positive impact on individuals, organizational information quality, and system quality in healthcare services. The study further concludes that a well implemented ‘Enterprise Resource Planning System’ results in better system output and enables healthcare professionals to provide better healthcare service quality.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
The coastal areas of both Jayapura Municipality and Regency which is directly opposite to the Pacific Ocean with the multifunctional use is a vulnerable area to disasters. The coastal vulnerability is determined by considering some influential factors, that is geomorphology and elevation to minimize the coastal damage impacts. The purpose of this study is to determine the coastal vulnerability index of Jayapura City and Regency focusing on the coastal geomorphology and elevation. The study area covers a coastal area of 241.86 km along the coastlines of Jayapura Municipality and Regency. The study method includes data collection on the coastal geomorphology and elevation characteristics. The value of coastal vulnerability index of each parameter is determined by dividing into five categories of coastal vulnerability. The result shows territorial division as follows: 145.88 km (61.18%) was not vulnerable, 33.14 km (13.90%) was less vulnerable, 29.03 km (12.17%) was a moderate vulnerability, 12.12 km (5.08%) was vulnerable, and the remaining 18.29 km (7.67%) was very vulnerable. The coastal vulnerability of Jayapura City coastal areas categorized into three classes, i.e. not vulnerable, moderate vulnerable and vulnerable, while the Jayapura Regency coastal areas felt into the following classes: not vulnerable and moderate vulnerable. The most vulnerable areas were of Abepura District, South Jayapura District and Muaratami District, all in the Jayapura Municipality administration. Those areas with high elevation level were not vulnerable at all.
This study is the need to identify the problems of the city of Kirkuk as a case study, Through a questionnaire conducted sporadic samples from residents of the city of Kirkuk and in particular working in different departments of the city staff, In order to try to put public policies and frameworks for the development of the city of Kirkuk according to sustainable planning general framework, And through the creation of balance and fairness to land use and public transportation and distribution services buildings in accordance with the population density of the city, which is in the process of increasing population growth significantly. The study also aimed to the need to preserve the environment, resources and wealth that characterizes the city of Kirkuk and the need to reduce pollution by identifying areas that could be enriched by green spaces to be thus a green belt surrounding the city because of its important role in the preservation of the environment. Through indicators that have been drawn from a set of points on the most important problems of the city and then come up with recommendations with a holistic view consistent with sustainable planning policies in the framework of sustainable development involved in different walks of life.
The study aims to analyze the complex process that has invested the Italian religious buildings, after the post-unification period, bending them to new uses not always compatible with the characters and with the sacredness of the places. In the case submitted to analysis, the phenomenon of the old convents re-use, although developed during the twentieth century, today continues to exert its effect. The assets of the religious complex that has been used over time and today appears to be available again benefited, may represent an interesting opportunity for a revitalization of historic town, through the development of integrated programs of intervention. This strategy may allow to promote "best practices", enhancing the development of local identity. The objective to be pursued is represented by a sustainable reuse of large monastic spaces so that they can be projected into the future, through a fair and balanced relationship between conservation and innovation. The memory of a territory is indeed changing: the ability to adapt to the passage of time and to the unexpected nature of events is so paradigmatic a goal of civilization.
Architectural drawing and design, Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying