Hasil untuk "Asian. Oriental"

Meriç Tanık

This thesis examines the circulation of scientific knowledge between Europe and the Ottoman Empire in the long nineteenth century, focusing on three emerging disciplines – agronomy, forestry, and veterinary medicine. I analyse these fields together to avoid imposing anachronistic disciplinary boundaries, since contemporary practitioners regarded them as an ‘indissociable whole.’ By tracing the movements of Ottoman students sent to Europe and European experts dispatched to the empire on scientific missions, I reconstruct how cross-border knowledge flows shaped these disciplines in their formative decades. While human mobility forms a central thread, the study also follows the movement of technoscientific instruments, exploring their adaptation to local contexts and the challenges of maintenance and repair. By foregrounding marginalised professions in the historiography and examining the often-overlooked routine scientific exchanges between Western and non-colonial spaces, this research contributes to decentring the history of science and technology.

Fincke, Jeanette C.

This paper presents the publication of new joins to a text source for the umṣatu skin mark tablet of the alamdimmû series (BM.52614, Böck 2000, 184‑95 source C). BM.45680+45825 and BM.46091 have been joined by the author, and BM.46188 by Eric Schmidtchen. These joins not only enhance the reconstruction of the series but also reveal new anatomical terms and revise previously suggested meanings. New terms include dūr lišāni, the ‘wall of the tongue’ (leading to a study of all parts of the body whose names are constructed with dūru followed by a genitive), and ḫinpi ammati, the ‘crook of the arm’.

Bin Chen, Xinmin Hou, Hongyu Zhou

Let $δ^{0}(D)$ be the minimum semi-degree of an oriented graph $D$. Jackson (1981) proved that every oriented graph $D$ with $δ^{0}(D)\geq k$ contains a directed path of length $2k$ when $|V(D)|>2k+2$, and a directed Hamilton cycle when $|V(D)|\le 2k+2$. Stein~(2020) further conjectured that every oriented graph $D$ with $δ^{0}(D)>k/2$ contains any orientated path of length $k$. Recently, Klimousová and Stein (DM, 2023) introduced the minimum pseudo-semi-degree $\tildeδ^0(D)$ (a slight weaker than the minimum semi-degree condition as $\tildeδ^0(D)\ge δ^0(D))$ and showed that every oriented graph $D$ with $\tildeδ^{0}(D)\ge (3k-2)/4$ contains each antipath of length $k$ for $k\geq 3$. In this paper, we improve the result of Klimousová and Stein by showing that for all $k\geq 2$, every oriented graph with $\tildeδ^0(D)\ge(2k+1)/3$ contains either an antipath of length at least $k+1$ or an anticycle of length at least $k+1$. Furthermore, we answer a problem raised by Klimousová and Stein in the negative.

Balke, Thomas E.

This paper examines the professional career of the fisherman Lugalšalatuku in Presargonic Lagaš as it is traceable in the nearly 1800 economic records from the institution é-munus ‘house(hold) of the lady’ renamed by IriKAgina to é-dBa-Ú ‘temple of the (goddess) Ba’U’ in the wake of his reforms. Basing on instructive examples from this corpus, it is attempted to outline his specific career during the reigns of the rulers Enentarzid, Lugalanda and IriKAgina (c. 2336-2314 BC) in his role as a prominent overseer of a group of sea fishermen. Specifically, the economic and social relevance of professional fishing will be considered in the context of its internal structure and organisation as well as the involved professional fields and sub-groups.

Zakir Hussein Gul

Although Kemālpaşazāde (875–940/1468–1534) is recently being rediscovered for his works on lexicography and orthodox Sunnism in its Ottoman iteration, the strictly ‘literary’ output of the early modern polymath has not yet received its due attention. This paper seeks to introduce his literary masterpiece, the Persian language Nigāristān, composed only months before the demise of the şeyḫülislām, and situate his text in relation to Saʿdī’s Gulistān and the Bahāristān of his Timurid contemporary ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Jāmī. I first seek to problematise ‘dislocative nationalistic’ discourse that writes-off Kemālpaşazāde’s and similar works on the basis of a perceived lack of stylistic originality. I then investigate Kemālpaşazāde’s choice of naming the text, and what this may tell us about China’s vogue in his time, his metaphysical system, and ideas inherited from Jāmī’s legacy on ‘literary millennialism.’ Then, building on the intertextual analyses of Paul Losensky, Benedek Péri and Murat Umut İnan on appraising Persianate texts through an ‘emulatory’ (rather than ‘imatatory’) lens, I demonstrate how Kemālpaşazāde’s reworking of narratives from the ‘canon’ of Persian writing both complicates and enriches the originals, in addition to reflecting his own erudition in the elsine-i ỿelāỿe, all whilst being imbued with contemporary Ottoman meanings.

Soysal, Oğuz

The large, six-column tablet Bo 2689 to be discussed here is partially burned. The text has recently been edited as Unpublished Bo-Fragments in Transliteration IV (= CHDS 5) no. 1 and classified as “Spring Festival in Zippalanda”. Although the script is Late New Hittite, the tablet exhibits many Old Hittite linguistic features. The main scene of the festival in Bo 2689 is Zippalanda, and the cult visits of the Hittite royal couple in this town are described in detail. The narrative of the tablet focuses on the chariot journey of the royal couple to the ḫalentuwa-palace complex. The king passes an architectural structure like a bridge or ramp before reaching the ḫalentuwa-palace complex.

Suman Giri, Gopal Lamichhane, Dipendra Khadka et al.

Chemically, microplastics (MPs) are synthetic materials composed of plastic monomers and additives and vary in size from 0.1-5,000 μm. Due to their chemical stability and the widespread use of plastics for various purposes, MPs pollution of the environment has increased dramatically, leading to the contamination of daily consumer products as well. Although previous studies have reported the environmental impacts of MPs, only a few studies have highlighted the occurrence of MPs in food products and their possible effects on human health. Recent investigations have identified MP particles in drinking water and other beverages, seafood, plant products, salt, sugar, and honey, raising an alarm over the safety and quality of these food items. Ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact of such food and other consumer goods are the common routes through which MPs may enter the human body and can have several deleterious health impacts including oxidative stress, inflammation, immunotoxicity, increased risk of neoplasia, cellular metabolism impairment, neurotoxicity, gut microbiome dysbiosis, disruption of reproductive system among others. A collective approach employing source control, recycling, biodegradable plastics, strengthening legislation, and bioremediation could be a promising and sustainable solution to control the MPs pollution. The key challenge appears to standarize detection methods along with reducing the MPs contamination from the food products as well as from the environment. Therefore, this review focuses on the occurrence of MPs in several food products, current methods of analysis, potential health impacts, and strategies to mitigate the widespread MPs pollution. It also adds novel findings, knowledge gaps, and recommendations that can guide future research in this field.

Mason Brown, Jangchuk Sangmo Thakuri, Geoff Childs

In the Himalayas every household has a still. Fermented and distilled beverages are integral to community rituals and gatherings, and play a central role in economies of labor exchange and systems of local taxation that go back centuries. In this paper we outline the history of these practices across Tibetan cultural areas to contextualize our ethnographic work learning the process of brewing and distilling from a local matriarch in Nubri, Nepal. While pointing out some of the ways alcohol consumption has been contested in Tibetan culture, we examine its use as a social lubricant and its function in maintaining socioeconomic relationships, as well as breaking down the process of distillation itself. The first part of this paper provides a cursory overview of chang in historical perspective. The next parts are dedicated to production, gender, and sociality before turning to the role of alcohol in Nubri’s ritual life. The overall objective is to highlight the role alcoholic beverages occupy in some, but certainly not all, Tibetan societies.

Gunnar Stange, Raffaella Pagogna, Harald Sterly et al.

In the debates over environmental impacts on migration, migration as adaptation has been acknowledged as a potential risk management strategy based on risk spreading and mutual insurance of people living spatially apart: migrants and family members that are left behind stay connected through a combination of financial and social remittances, joint decision-making and mutual commitment. Conceptualizing migration as adaptation through the lens of translocal livelihood systems enables us to identify the differentiated vulnerabilities of households and communities. COVID-19 and the restrictions on public life and mobility imposed by governments worldwide constituted a complex set of challenges for translocal systems and strategies, especially in the Global South. Focusing on examples, we highlight two points: first, the COVID-19 crisis shows the limits of migration and translocal livelihoods for coping with, and adapting to, climate and environmental risks. Second, as these restrictions hit on a systemic level and affect places of destination as well as origin, the crisis reveals specific vulnerabilities of the translocal livelihood systems themselves. Based on the translocal livelihoods approach, we formulate insights and recommendations for policies that move beyond the narrow, short-term focus on the support of migrant populations alone and address the longer-term root causes of the vulnerabilities in translocal livelihoods systems.

Sarah Anderson, Boštjan Brešar, Sandi Klavžar et al.

The orientable domination number, ${\rm DOM}(G)$, of a graph $G$ is the largest domination number over all orientations of $G$. In this paper, ${\rm DOM}$ is studied on different product graphs and related graph operations. The orientable domination number of arbitrary corona products is determined, while sharp lower and upper bounds are proved for Cartesian and lexicographic products. A result of Chartrand et al. from 1996 is extended by establishing the values of ${\rm DOM}(K_{n_1,n_2,n_3})$ for arbitrary positive integers $n_1,n_2$ and $n_3$. While considering the orientable domination number of lexicographic product graphs, we answer in the negative a question concerning domination and packing numbers in acyclic digraphs posed in [Domination in digraphs and their direct and Cartesian products, J. Graph Theory 99 (2022) 359-377].

Julian Karl Bauer, Matti Schneider, Thomas Böhlke

Fiber-orientation tensors describe the relevant features of the fiber-orientation distribution compactly and are thus ubiquitous in injection-molding simulations and subsequent mechanical analyses. In engineering applications to date, the second-order fiber-orientation tensor is the basic quantity of interest, and the fourth-order fiber-orientation tensor is obtained via a closure approximation. Unfortunately, such a description limits the predictive capabilities of the modeling process significantly, because the wealth of possible fourth-order fiber-orientation tensors is not exploited by such closures, and the restriction to second-order fiber-orientation tensors implies artifacts. Closures based on the second-order fiber-orientation tensor face a fundamental problem - which fourth-order fiber-orientation tensors can be realized? In the literature, only necessary conditions for a fiber-orientation tensor to be connected to a fiber-orientation distribution are found. In this article, we show that the typically considered necessary conditions, positive semidefiniteness and a trace condition, are also sufficient for being a fourth-order fiber-orientation tensor in the physically relevant case of two and three spatial dimensions. Moreover, we show that these conditions are not sufficient in higher dimensions. The argument is based on convex duality and a celebrated theorem of D. Hilbert (1888) on the decomposability of positive and homogeneous polynomials of degree four. The result has numerous implications for modeling the flow and the resulting microstructures of fiber-reinforced composites, in particular for the effective elastic constants of such materials.

Kate McClellan

In this article, I examine the affective politics surrounding the management of stray dogs in Jordan. I suggest that human-dog relations in Jordan, including how different actors talk about, interact with, and care for dog life, can be read as a commentary on what a good life, and in particular, a good future, means in Jordan. Drawing on material from ethnographic fieldwork in Amman, I examine how Jordanians use the issue of stray dog management to imagine different futures for their country, and to reflect upon various aspects of contemporary life, including Islamic belief and practice. I argue that competing affects surrounding stray dog life and death - namely, fear and violence; compassion and care; and response and responsibility - both create and reflect human-dog relations in Jordan.

Asuncion Fresnoza-Flot, Sirijit Sunanta

The migration flows connecting Thailand and Europe have constructed social spaces in which different stereotypes regarding Thais and Europeans emerge, perpetuate, and circulate, thereby affecting to various extents the lives of these individuals. To challenge these stereotypes, the present Special Issue takes into account the mechanisms of social categorization at transnational and local dimensions in three critical steps. First, it adopts an inclusive stance by not limiting itself to heterosexual relationships involving Thais and Europeans. Second, it shifts the scholarly gaze from marriage and family issues to Thai migrants’ mobilities in spatial, social, and intergenerational terms. And third, it highlights Thai migrants’ engagement in the labor market as intimate workers and entrepreneurs to uncover the factors shaping their (re)productive labor and social incorporation in their receiving countries. Using an intersectional approach, this Special Issue presents six empirically grounded case studies to unveil often-neglected dimensions and complexities of Europe-Thailand transnational migration.

Arjun Guneratne

Cai Chen

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Sarah Besky

Michael Hagenow, Bolun Zhang, Bilge Mutlu et al.

Manipulations of a constrained object often use a non-rigid grasp that allows the object to rotate relative to the end effector. This orientation slip strategy is often present in natural human demonstrations, yet it is generally overlooked in methods to identify constraints from such demonstrations. In this paper, we present a method to model and recognize prehensile orientation slip in human demonstrations of constrained interactions. Using only observations of an end effector, we can detect the type of constraint, parameters of the constraint, and orientation slip properties. Our method uses a novel hierarchical model selection method that is informed by multiple origins of physics-based evidence. A study with eight participants shows that orientation slip occurs in natural demonstrations and confirms that it can be detected by our method.

Michael A. Bender, Tsvi Kopelowitz, William Kuszmaul et al.

For any forest $G = (V, E)$ it is possible to orient the edges $E$ so that no vertex in $V$ has out-degree greater than $1$. This paper considers the incremental edge-orientation problem, in which the edges $E$ arrive over time and the algorithm must maintain a low-out-degree edge orientation at all times. We give an algorithm that maintains a maximum out-degree of $3$ while flipping at most $O(\log \log n)$ edge orientations per edge insertion, with high probability in $n$. The algorithm requires worst-case time $O(\log n \log \log n)$ per insertion, and takes amortized time $O(1)$. The previous state of the art required up to $O(\log n / \log \log n)$ edge flips per insertion. We then apply our edge-orientation results to the problem of dynamic Cuckoo hashing. The problem of designing simple families $\mathcal{H}$ of hash functions that are compatible with Cuckoo hashing has received extensive attention. These families $\mathcal{H}$ are known to satisfy \emph{static guarantees}, but do not come typically with \emph{dynamic guarantees} for the running time of inserts and deletes. We show how to transform static guarantees (for $1$-associativity) into near-state-of-the-art dynamic guarantees (for $O(1)$-associativity) in a black-box fashion. Rather than relying on the family $\mathcal{H}$ to supply randomness, as in past work, we instead rely on randomness within our table-maintenance algorithm.

Jeremy Hahn, Andrew Senger, Dylan Wilson

We define, in $C_p$-equivariant homotopy theory for $p>2$, a notion of $μ_p$-orientation analogous to a $C_2$-equivariant Real orientation. The definition hinges on a $C_p$-space $\mathbb{CP}^{\infty}_{μ_p}$, which we prove to be homologically even in a sense generalizing recent $C_2$-equivariant work on conjugation spaces. We prove that the height $p-1$ Morava $E$-theory is $μ_p$-oriented and that $\mathrm{tmf}(2)$ is $μ_3$-oriented. We explain how a single equivariant map $v_1^{μ_p}:S^{2ρ} \to Σ^{\infty} \mathbb{CP}^{\infty}_{μ_p}$ completely generates the homotopy of $E_{p-1}$ and $\mathrm{tmf}(2)$, expressing a height-shifting phenomenon pervasive in equivariant chromatic homotopy theory.

Gabriel Ferreira Barros, Bruno Pasqualotto Cavalar, Yoshiharu Kohayakawa et al.

If $G$ is a graph and $\vec H$ is an oriented graph, we write $G\to \vec H$ to say that every orientation of the edges of $G$ contains $\vec H$ as a subdigraph. We consider the case in which $G=G(n,p)$, the binomial random graph. We determine the threshold $p_{\vec H}=p_{\vec H}(n)$ for the property $G(n,p)\to \vec H$ for the cases in which $\vec H$ is an acyclic orientation of a complete graph or of a cycle.