Hasil untuk "Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings"

Adriano Castagnone, Giuseppe Nitti

This paper addresses the opportunities and risks of integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into structural engineering. Exclusive reliance on LLMs is inadequate in this field, because their probabilistic nature can lead to hallucinations and inaccuracies that are unacceptable in safety-critical domains which require rigorous calculations. To resolve this dilemma, we propose adopting Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence (NSAI), a hybrid approach that balances neural intuition with symbolic rigor. The NSAI architecture employs an intelligent query system to enrich user requests and delegate critical operations to deterministic external algorithms. This system is designed to enhance reliability and support regulatory compliance, as exemplified by the 3Muri chatbot case study, an NSAI (gemini-2.5-flash)-based intelligent assistant for structural analysis software. We developed 3Muri chatbot implementing AI processes. Our experimental results, based on over 200 questions submitted to the chatbot, show that this hybrid approach achieves 94% accuracy while keeping response times below 2 s. These results validate the feasibility of deploying AI systems in safety-critical engineering domains.

Jan Hugo, Maryam Farhadian

Climate action requires rapid, evidence-based and locally appropriate adaptation measures. Effective responses in the built environment depend on integrated, multilevel solutions developed through inter- and transdisciplinary collaboration. Long-term, effective adaptation must fulfil five key criteria: contextual fitness, capacity for local implementation, systemic transformation, future-oriented planning and flexibility to avoid maladaptation. This study applies this analytical framework derived from climate adaptation theory to observational analyses and expert interviews to examine how building technology laboratories (BTLs) and living labs (LLs) facilitate systemic and context-specific adaptation in the built environment. By analysing purposely selected research institutions, the study conveys the potential of these laboratories to drive transformational climate change adaptation. These findings are discussed in relation to their relevance for resource-constrained regions. The cross-case study analysis of selected research facilities can inform the establishment of similar facilities in the Southern Africa region, contributing to climate adaptation research, enhancing local adaptive capacity and promoting long-term regional resilience. POLICY RELEVANCE In the context of a rapidly changing climate, practitioners and policymakers must act decisively to implement effective built environment-related climate adaptation measures, BTLs and LLs. Based on seven case studies, key adaptation criteria (contextual relevance, local feasibility, systemic transformation, future-oriented planning and flexibility) are used to assess how BTLs and LLs contribute to systemic and context-specific climate adaptation. Transferable lessons from these laboratories are identified and their potential application is discussed for resource-constrained settings. These insights are contextualised for Southern Africa, advocating the implementation of laboratories to enhance local research and development capacity, inform practical interventions and strengthen long-term regional resilience to climate change.

Sherif Beskhyroun, Seyed Ehsan Aghakouchaki Hosseini

Nurina Vidya Ayuningtyas, Estherlia Gabriela, Kindi

Yogyakarta has experienced rapid growth in the culinary business sector, particularly in restaurants and cafés, resulting in increasingly intense competition among entrepreneurs to attract visitors. One strategy commonly employed is the creation of a comfortable café atmosphere with distinctive architectural characteristics. This study aims to examine the influence of architectural aspects of store atmosphere elements on consumers’ interest in visiting the Bento Kopi café in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. A descriptive quantitative method was applied, with the research population consisting of Bento Kopi visitors who had visited the café at least twice. Purposive sampling was used to select respondents aged 17–50 years. Data were collected through questionnaires, architectural drawings, and documentation of existing building conditions. The results indicate that store atmosphere elements with a relatively strong influence on consumers’ intention to revisit are architectural aspects of the general interior, particularly color, floor type, furniture, aroma, sound, and wall texture.

Zulhadi Sahputra, Dewi Larasati, Aswin Indraprastha

The implementation of tectonic expression within Indonesian architecture has undergone a marked reduction in recent times. This decline is especially discernible in vernacular structures such as the Rumoh Aceh. As a significant element of cultural heritage, Rumoh Aceh embodies distinctive formal configurations and spatial principles that merit investigation through a tectonic lens. The principal aim of this study is to examine the applicability of the shape grammar method in analyzing the tectonic characteristics inherent in the form of Rumoh Aceh. Employing an explanatory case study as its methodological framework, this research entails a thorough examination of pertinent literature related to the application of shape grammar. The analytical findings indicate that the shape grammar methodology can be effectively utilized to codify the architectural form and tectonic elements of Rumoh Aceh. This methodological approach is anticipated to enrich the spectrum of techniques available for exploring and recording tectonic knowledge within the context of traditional Indonesian architecture, with a concentrated emphasis on Rumoh Aceh.

Rahul Kumar, Mahipal Kulariya, Sandip Kumar Saha

This study presents a methodology for landslide resilience assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings subjected to flow-type landslides. The methodology includes developing region-specific recovery functions that account for variations in the construction materials and practices, as well as development of fragility curves of archetype buildings using efficient intensity measures while considering the uncertainty in the input parameters related to landslide-induced forces. To this end, 2-, 3-, and 4-story archetype RC buildings, commonly observed in the landslide-prone Indian Himalayan Region, are selected, and their recovery functions are developed for various damage states based on inputs from practicing professionals. The proposed recovery functions can be used to determine the expected functional recovery quantitatively, which will be helpful for decision-makers to take action promptly to start the rescue and recovery process. Further, the effect of community preparedness levels on the landslide resilience of archetype RC buildings is examined through a detailed numerical study.

Bin Kong, Rui Liu, Xiaojun Hu et al.

Biomedical patches offer significant potential for keratitis treatment. Building on advances in multifunctionality and biomimicry, an innovative, multifunctional hydrogel patch with high therapeutic efficacy, inspired by the native architecture and functions of the cornea, is introduced. By engineering a composite patch comprising recombinant human collagen (RHC) hydrogel, near‐field electrospinning (NFES) microfibers, and gold‐nanoparticle‐decorated tetragonal barium titanates (BTO@Au), structural mimicry, mechanical reinforcement, tissue‐specific adhesion, and bacterial inhibition are achieved. The RHC hydrogel recreates a three‐dimensional (3D) microenvironment that emulates the natural structure of the corneal tissue, demonstrating excellent tissue adhesion. Integrated within this hydrogel, the NFES microfibers, designed to emulate the orthogonal arrangement of native corneal stroma, not only reinforce the mechanical strength of the RHC hydrogel but also act as scaffolds to guide the aligned growth of human keratocytes. A unique aspect of this advanced patch is the incorporation of BTO@Au nanoparticles, which generate reactive oxygen species for effective bacterial eradication when subjected to ultrasound stimulation. Through in vivo studies on rat models with infected corneal wounds, this hydrogel patch exhibits superior therapeutic efficacy compared to the current treatment. It is posited that these cornea‐inspired ultrasound‐responsive adhesive hydrogel patches represent a significant scientific advancement with high potential for clinical applications.

Dhoyazan Al-Turki, Hansi Hettiarachchi, M. Gaber et al.

Automated compliance checking (ACC) in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector represents a pivotal task which is traditionally executed manually, demanding significant time and labor. This work investigates the automation of the Requirement, Applicability, Selection, and Exception (RASE) methodology for building regulatory compliance through the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) and active learning techniques. Specifically, we focus on the development and assessment of a system using the OpenAI GPT-4o model to transmute building regulation texts into structured YAML formats conducive to ACC processes. The study encompasses three experimental paradigms: few-shot learning, fine-tuning learning, and progressive active learning. Initial results from the few-shot learning experiment illustrate the model’s preliminary ability to interpret and process regulatory texts with limited examples. Fine-tuning enhances model performance by training it on a specialized dataset, thereby improving structural and textual accuracy. Progressive active learning, by iteratively incorporating expert feedback, further refines the accuracy of the model. The findings demonstrate substantial enhancements in both structural and semantic accuracies of the generated YAML files, underscoring the potential of integrating LLMs with active learning to streamline regulatory compliance automation. The methodologies and results presented here offer a comprehensive framework for advancing future research and practical applications in the domain of automated regulatory compliance.

Socrates Pedro Muñoz Pérez, Ivan Barreto Sandoval, Juan Martin Garcia Chumacero et al.

In the world, millions of tons of construction waste are generated annually, due to the boom of this sector, and brick waste is the most prominent. The purpose of the research was to study the properties of the mortar with the partial substitution of fine aggregate by brick residues (BR), using an experimental methodology based on mortar samples in doses of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% with brick residues, which were subjected to mortar tests and masonry tests. The results showed that the mortar sample with the best performance was 10% BR, achieving in the mortar tests an increase with respect to conventional mortar of 1.58% in compressive strength, 3.99% in flexural strength, 15.61% in tensile strength, while in the masonry tests the increase was 12.19% in compressive strength in prisms, 33.20% in bond strength and 3.82% in diagonal compressive strength. It was concluded that the substitution of fine aggregate by BR is feasible up to 10%, achieving an optimum improvement in the mechanical properties of the mortar.

Anna Sandak, Karen Butina Ogorelec

Systems found in nature are a valuable source of inspiration for several applications. Scientists and researchers from different fields (structural engineering, robotics, medicine, and materials science) use the concepts of biomimicking, biomimetics, and bioinspiration. More recently the possibility to benefit from solutions developed by nature has become of interest for sustainable architecture. Living organisms use smart, optimised, and elegant solutions to survive, thanks to continuous selection and mutation processes. For over 460 million years plants have been evolving in a constantly changing environment and have become well-adapted to different climatic conditions. Faced with several challenges (water loss, extreme temperatures, UV radiation, etc.) plants, for example, developed tissues with barrier properties. Furthermore, due to their immobility, plants are excellent biological materials for detecting climate phenomena. While animals, being mobile, developed other creative survival strategies through a long evolutionary process. Being exposed to various environments, they not only developed multifunctional surfaces, but also movements and a broad portfolio of sensing methods that increased their survival efficiency. Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the adaptation strategies of plants (both static strategies and dynamic mechanisms) and animals to their environment in different climate zones are indispensable for transferring concepts from biology to architecture. Consequently, specific adaptation solutions might be implemented in new materials that will be used for building envelopes erected in the same climatic zones. Integrating length scales and mixing biological, chemical, and physical concepts for tailoring the properties of materials during preparation should allow for better designing of future smart materials. The process should lead to the development of active biomaterials that perform as interfaces between outdoor conditions and internal comfort. In that they should be able to regulate humidity, temperature, CO2, and light as well as capture and filter pollutants; in addition, they should have self-assembling, self-cleaning, grafting, and self-healing properties. This contribution provides an analysis of several examples that represent the adaptation of organisms to various environments and are presented with the aim to inspire future researchers in the development of new building materials.

Yiwei Zhao, Yindong Sun, Qianqian Zhou et al.

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to research the acceptance mechanism of building information modeling (BIM) technology and to explore the differences among Architecture/Engineering/Construction (A/E/C) professionals with different individual characteristics. The proposed acceptance mechanism of BIM technology is intended to be used by industry stakeholders to propose decisions and measures, and improve the degree of BIM adoption.Design/methodology/approachTraditional hypothesis testing is adopted by the current study to empirically research the specific mechanism of A/E/C professionals accepting BIM technologies. In the one phase, a conceptual model based on technology acceptance model (TAM) and technology organization environment (TOE) theory was established and a large-scale questionnaire survey was conducted. In the other phase, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze acquired sample data, so as to empirically test the validity of the proposed linkage.FindingsThe results show first that perceived ease of use has no significant influence on perceived usefulness, and perceived usefulness has no significant effect on behavior intention as well. Second, BIM technical features and government BIM policies have positive effects on perceived usefulness, BIM technical features and organization supports have positive effects on perceived ease of use. Third, the BIM acceptance mechanism of A/E/C professionals is diverse from respondents with different characteristics, e.g. regions and working time.Originality/valueThe authors highlight the large sample size, as well as the nationwide context, of the questionnaire survey. Meanwhile, acceptance differences among A/E/C professionals with different demographic characteristics have been clarified using profound data and t-test. The findings of this study enrich the research on the acceptance mechanism of BIM technology, and contribute to relevant stakeholders taking targeted measures to promote the effective application of BIM technology nationwide.

Duarte Nuno Carvalho, David S. Williams, C. G. Sotelo et al.

In the recent decade, marine origin products have been growingly studied as building blocks complying with the constant demand of the biomedical sector regarding the development of new devices for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM). In this work, several combinations of marine collagen-chitosan-fucoidan hydrogel were formed using a newly developed eco-friendly compressive and absorption methodology to produce hydrogels (CAMPH), which consists of compacting the biopolymers solution while removing the excess of water. The hydrogel formulations were prepared by blending solutions of 5% collagen from jellyfish and/or 3% collagen from blue shark skin, with solutions of 3% chitosan from squid pens and solutions of 10% fucoidan from brown algae, at different ratios. The biopolymer physico-chemical characterization comprised Amino Acid analysis, ATR-FTIR, CD, SDS-PAGE, ICP, XRD, and the results suggested the shark/jellyfish collagen(s) conserved the triple helical structure and had similarities with type I and type II collagen, respectively. The studied collagens also contain a denaturation temperature of around 30-32 °C and a molecular weight between 120 and 125 kDa. Additionally, the hydrogel properties were determined by rheology, water uptake ability, degradation rate, and SEM, and the results showed that all formulations had interesting mechanical (strong viscoelastic character) and structural stability properties, with a significant positive highlight in the formulation of H3 (blending all biopolymers, i.e., 5% collagen from jellyfish, 3% collagen from skin shark, 3% chitosan and 10% of fucoidan) in the degradation test, that shows a mass loss around 18% over the 30 days, while the H1 and H2, present a mass loss of around 35% and 44%, respectively. Additionally, the in vitro cellular assessments using chondrocyte cells (ATDC5) in encapsulated state revealed, for all hydrogel formulations, a non-cytotoxic behavior. Furthermore, Live/Dead assay and Phalloidin/DAPI staining, to assess the cytoskeletal organization, proved that the hydrogels can provide a suitable microenvironment for cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation, after being encapsulated. Overall, the results show that all marine collagen (jellyfish/shark)-chitosan-fucoidan hydrogel formulations provide a good structural architecture and microenvironment, highlighting the H3 biomaterial due to containing more polymers in their composition, making it suitable for biomedical articular cartilage therapies.

Valentina Beatini, P. Gatheeshgar, Heshachanaa Rajanayagam et al.

Modular building systems (MBS) and Origami are two emerging methods used in current construction practice. Origami is directly associated with the principles of the ancient Japanese art of paper folding, characterised by high morphological possibilities and ultimately creates foldable structures with tuneable mechanical properties. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the structural behaviour of origami for architectural engineering applications. MBS is a volumetric prefabricated construction technique enhancing productivity in construction. In this paper, a modular unit is designed which employs origami techniques. The roof and floor panels of the modular units formed with steel joists were substituted with origami sandwich panels, while corner posts were substituted with origami columns. The origami-like foldable system demonstrated superior efficiency in constructability, being highly compact during transportation and requiring few operations for the in-situ installation. The structural performances of the developed and foldable modular units were assessed through finite element analysis. It was found that, without increasing the self-weight of the system, the design of origami-like modular units can be tuned for high structural performances and various structural sizes, which can impact the usability of space and the aesthetics of architecture. While this is a preliminary study and physical testing is needed, the positive results open the possibility of exploring highly deployable modular structures of novel shapes that can be employed during post-disaster and emergencies (Covid-19).

T. Nguyen, S. T. Do, V. Nguyen et al.

PurposeThis study aims to identify the enabling factors for Building Information Modeling (BIM) adoption in Vietnamese construction enterprises and uncover their interrelationships. This will help stakeholders focus on controlling and allocating resources (time, personnel, and costs) appropriately to adopt BIM and differentiate themselves from fierce competition in the architectural, engineering, construction and operations (AECO) industry.Design/methodology/approachThis study first identifies and evaluates 32 enabling factors for applying BIM in the Vietnamese construction industry according to the TOE extended framework. Afterwards, a hybrid questionnaire survey using a convenient sampling method is conducted to capture stakeholders' views. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique are then applied to identify the constructs of the enabling factors and their interrelationships.FindingsThe study extracts six constructs that could have a significant impact on the adoption of BIM in construction enterprises, namely: technical feasibility (TF), human resources and management (HRM), company business vision (CBV), political environment (PE), economic viability (EV), and legal aspects (LA). Based on eleven proposed hypotheses, the analysis results confirm nine hypotheses and show that the HRM, TF, and CBV have the strongest effects on managers in evaluating the factors for BIM.Originality/valueThe results of the study fill the gap in knowledge by discovering the interrelationships among the enabling factors for BIM adoption in construction enterprises. The results might support the construction enterprises and their stakeholders in increasing the application of BIM, and digital transformation in construction industry.

S. Babatunde, Damilola Ekundayo, A. Adekunle et al.

Purpose – Building information modelling (BIM) adoption is vital to productivity and competitive nature of the construction sector. However, BIM adoptions have not been generally embraced by many Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) firms, particularly in developing countries; and studies that investigate the important drivers to BIM adoptions among construction professionals through quantitative approach are limited. The study purpose is to address the aforementioned gap. Design/methodology/approach – The study used a literature review, a pilot study and a questionnaire survey. The primary data were carried out using structured questionnaire distributed to the four different, selected BIM adopters’ AEC firms. These comprised architectural firms, facility management firms, quantity surveying firms and structural engineering firms in Lagos, Nigeria. Data obtained were analyzed using mean score, standard deviation, Kruskal-Wallis test, and factor analysis. Findings – The study identified 23 drivers to BIM adoption and the relative importance of the identified drivers was gauged from each selected BIM adopters’ AEC firm category. The result of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there is no statistically significant difference in the perceptions of the four selected AEC firms in the mean ranking of the identified 23 drivers to BIM adoption. The findings from factor analysis categorized the identified drivers into two major factors to include: cost and time savings, and improved communication; and BIM awareness and government supports. Practical implications – The study empirically identified important drivers to BIM adoption which will be useful for construction stakeholders to formulate strategies to adopt the full implementation of BIM in the Nigerian AEC firms and other developing countries. Also, this study is very important as it identified, analyzed, and compared the drivers to BIM adoptions from four different AEC firms; thereby providing robust and more reliable findings. Originality/value – The study findings would inform the decisions of policymakers and construction stakeholders to make some policy recommendations capable of positively influencing the widespread adoption of BIM in AEC firms and construction industry at large. This study is important because the studies that comparatively and empirically analysed BIM drivers in AEC firms are rare, particularly in developing countries. Hence, this study could be used to benchmark future studies in developing countries.

M. Bassier, B. V. Genechten, M. Vergauwen

Abstract The Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry is looking to integrate Building Information Modeling (BIM) for existing buildings. Currently these as-built models are created manually, which is time-consuming. An important step in the automated Scan-to-BIM procedure is the interpretation and classification of point cloud data. This is computationally challenging due to the sheer size of point cloud data for an entire building. Additionally, the variety of objects makes classification problematic. Existing methods integrate prior knowledge from the sensors or environment to improve the results. However, these approaches are therefore often case specific and thus have limited applicability. The goal of this research is to provide a method that is independent of any sensor or scene within a building environment. Furthermore, our method processes the entire building simultaneously, resulting in more distinct local and contextual features. This paper presents a generic approach to automatically identify structural elements for the purposes of Scan-to-BIM. More specifically, a Random Forests classifier is employed for the classification of the floors, ceilings, roofs, walls and beams. As input, our algorithm takes a set of planar primitives that are pre-segmented from the point cloud. This significantly reduces the data while maintaining accuracy. Both contextual and geometric features are used to describe the observed patches. The algorithm is evaluated using realistic data for a wide variety of existing buildings including houses, school facilities, a factory, a castle and a church. The experiments prove that the proposed algorithm is capable of properly labeling 87% of the structural elements with an average precision of 85% in highly cluttered environments without the support of the sensors position. In future work, the classified patches will be processed by class-specific reconstruction algorithms to create BIM geometry.

Juliana Simili, Andrea Queiroz Rego

O tema deste artigo é a paisagem sonora representada pelas pessoas surdas através de uma experiência com o som para além da audição. Adota-se uma interpretação socioantropológica da surdez, incorporando proposições identitárias e culturais próprias a esse grupo de pessoas. Nesse aspecto, o artigo objetiva apresentar a metodologia dos “Passeios Sonoros Comentados”, que visa à identificação e à organização da apreensão das sonoridades urbanas pelos surdos, a seu próprio modo. As discussões e considerações finais apontam para as diferenças de interpretações sonoras entre surdos e ouvintes e sua influência na relação do surdo com o espaço urbano.

Kiwamu Yanagisawa, Ryosuke Ohara, Shota Yamamoto

Abstract This paper discusses the outline and the conditions of the phenomenon known as the “merged temple,” a composite building consisting of the extension of a “sub‐building” covering or wrapping an existing Hindu temple, or “main temple.” These are frequently observed in the Old City of Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh, India). Their number and distribution, morphological variations, forming process, and other properties were investigated through a field survey and interviews with their residents. Merged temples of various shapes and degrees are generated through a combination of extrinsic development pressure and intrinsic characteristics of Hindu temples, their continuity, and their immobility, in the urban space which has historically accumulated numerous temples. In its formative process, the “moderate” plasticity of the Hindu temple building works effectively as a medium, and covering the top of the temple with new construction is carefully avoided.

Matan Mayer

Low and zero-carbon building certification programmes typically focus on emissions caused by building operation and/or material extraction and manufacturing activities. However, ‘end-of-life’ issues involving the reuse, remanufacture or recycling potential of embodied energy-intensive components are often overlooked. As a result, training and certification in this field tends to be diagnostic and observational rather than proactive and anticipatory. To ensure that vocational workers have appropriate capabilities to recycle or reuse building components fully, a training and certification programme is necessary that focuses on end-of-life material recovery potential. A framework is presented for recovery of building products and the certification system for workers. The system rates recovery potential at both the material and assembly levels through a series of evaluation criteria. This assessment is translated into a product labelling scheme as well as a training and certification programme for vocation workers involved in the production, supply and installation chains of recovery-oriented products. 'Practice relevance' Material recovery training in the built environment is currently limited and lacks a holistic view of the entire recovery chain. A certification system targeting material recovery could help propel a transition to circular consumption models in the built environment. Vocational training based on a full supply chain view of the end-of-life sector would be essential for a transition to a circular economy.

Mathieu Gil-oulbé, Fouad Adnan Noman Abdullah Al-Shaibani, Abass Saad Lina

Structures are designed using current seismic design codes which are mostly based on Force-Based Design approach. The aim of the work is to implement the Performance-Based Seismic Design (PBSD) approach in concrete buildings. PBSD, which is a new concept in seismic design of structures, is a reliable approach capable of providing more detailed information on the performance levels of both structural and non-structural elements. Methods. In this study Performance-Based Seismic Design has been utilized on reinforced concrete irregular frame. In order to do this pushover analysis was done. Story drift ratios were chosen as deformation limits to define the performance levels for specific earthquake hazard levels. The results of this study show that Performance-Based Seismic Design gives a structure with better seismic load carrying capacity, thereby achieving the objective of performance as well as economy. It is also possible to conclude that PBSD obtained by above procedure satisfies the acceptance criteria for immediate occupancy and life safety limit states for various intensities of earthquakes.