Hasil untuk "Architectural drawing and design"

Isaac Llorente-Saguer

We present a fully device-resident, multi-GPU architecture for the large-scale computational verification of Goldbach's conjecture. In prior work, a segmented double-sieve eliminated monolithic VRAM bottlenecks but remained constrained by host-side sieve construction and PCIe transfer latency. In this work, we migrate the entire segment generation pipeline to the GPU using highly optimised L1 shared-memory tiling, achieving near-zero host-device communication during the critical verification path. To fully leverage heterogeneous multi-GPU clusters, we introduce an asynchronous, lock-free work-stealing pool that replaces static workload partitioning with atomic segment claiming, enabling $99.7$% parallel efficiency at 2 GPUs and $98.6$% at $4$ GPUs. We further implement strict mathematical overflow guards guaranteeing the soundness of the 64-bit verification pipeline up to its theoretical ceiling of $1.84 \times 10^{19}$. On the same hardware, the new architecture achieves a $45.6\times$ algorithmic speedup over its host-coupled predecessor at N = $10^{10}$. End-to-end, the framework verifies Goldbach's conjecture up to $10^{12}$ in $36.5$ seconds on a single NVIDIA RTX 5090, and up to $10^{13}$ in $133.5$ seconds on a four-GPU system. All code is open-source and reproducible on commodity hardware.

Laura Farroni

<p>Architectural archives are solidifying their identity as the custodians of architecture's ideational and realization processes and their transformations. The documentation they hold, while bearing witness to past processes, reveals values intrinsic to the source itself. This essay focuses on the role of preserved drawings, especially in the digital transition, where their static nature evolves into dynamic and interpretive use.</p><p>Its classification and description within archives, although still lacking a specific form for architectural drawing, follows international and national standards (ISAD(G), ISAAR(CPF), ICCD), aiming for uniformity and interoperability.</p><p>The contribution of architectural representation experts is clear. Through semantic graphic analysis and the implementation of digital transcriptions (such as vectorization and 3D modeling), they can enrich documentary units with unprecedented informational layers. These processes reveal intentions and solutions not immediately evident in the original, generating new informational content.</p><p>The evolution towards integrated systems, such as SIA and I.PaC, in Italy promises to overcome existing fragmentations, making the vast national archival heritage more accessible and interpretable through cross-domain knowledge graphs and advanced AI-based services. The multidisciplinary synergy among drawing researchers and other professionals is indispensable to ensure that architectural drawing remains a living and dynamic source, fully valued for its scientific research and cultural representation.</p><p>DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.34.2025.2</p>

Concepción Rodríguez-Moreno, Maria del Carmen Vilchez-Lara, Antonio Gómez-Blanco Pontes

<p>The architect Matías Fernández-Fígares carried out his prolific professional career in Granada (Spain) during one of the most fascinating periods in the urban and architectural development of this city, being the author of several iconic buildings in Granada from the 1920s and 1930s. In 2004, part of his personal archive was donated to the School of Architecture of Granada. The documentation contained therein, comprising over one hundred and forty projects executed between 1914 and 1935, began to be digitized and thoroughly analysed many years later, in 2024, thanks to the involvement of several researchers as an initial outcome of this research, the present article focuses on the rental housing projects developed by this architect, a typology of European origin that was introduced in Granada at the end of the 19th century. Thirty-one files corresponding to this typology have been identified, encompassing both renovations and new construction projects. Unpublished plans and drawings of the original proposals of some buildings that are still standing have been discovered, revealing that they were not built as originally conceived.<br />The analysed documentation also provides interesting insights into the material supports, graphic language, and working methods used by Matías Fernández-Fígares. Furthermore, it sheds light on the remarkable evolution of his architectural style in just fifteen years, moving from historicism to regionalism and culminating in rationalism.<br />Finally, the projects contained in this personal archive also offer a gaze into Granada society at the beginning of the 20th century, dominated by a flourishing bourgeois elite that sought large-scale transformations of the city’s historical and architectural heritage.</p><p>DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.34.2025.21</p>

Amir Shakibamanesh, Maryam Nargeszadeh , Mahshid Ghorbanian

This study presents a novel methodological innovation by integrating the Delphi technique into a gamified evaluation framework, offering a new hybrid approach to collaboratively developing Form-Based Codes (FBCs). The primary goal is to increase the flexibility and participatory nature of the design process. The research focuses on a segment of 15 Khordad Street in Tehran, where facade design was re-envisioned via a collaborative digital platform using the Delphi technique. Based on literature review and a survey, the study provides a deep understanding of the area’s design dynamics. Facade design alternatives were developed and interactively modeled using Unity3D. This interactive environment allowed urban designers exploring various design permutations and selecting their preferred facade elements based on the FBC alternatives. The collective preferences were then synthesized to identify an optimal facade design for the area. Findings revealed that 44% of participants favored a setback pattern, showing a strong preference for a specific urban design approach. By incorporating gamification into the FBC selection process, the study aims to shift urban design from a product-centric approach to a more dynamic, process-oriented, and participatory methodology. This research highlights the potential of gamification in transforming traditional urban design practices into more flexible, inclusive, and cyclical processes.

Ilaria Trizio, Francesca Savini, Michele Valentino

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.35.2025.ed

Evgenii Rezunov, Niko Zurstraßen, Lennart M. Reimann et al.

An Application-Specific Instruction Set Processor(ASIP) is a specialized microprocessor that provides a trade-off between the programmability of a General Purpose Processor (GPP) and the performance and energy-efficiency of dedicated hardware accelerators. ASIPs are often derived from off-the-shelf GPPs extended by custom instructions tailored towards a specific software workload. One of the most important challenges of designing an ASIP is to find said custom instructions that help to increase performance without being too costly in terms of area and power consumption. To date, solving this challenge is relatively labor-intensive and typically performed manually. Addressing the lack of automation, we present Custom Instruction Designer for RISC-V Extensions (CIDRE), a front-to-back tool for ASIP design. CIDRE automatically analyzes hotspots in RISC-V applications and generates custom instruction suggestions with a corresponding nML description. The nML description can be used with other electronic design automation tools to accurately assess the cost and benefits of the found suggestions. In a RISC-V benchmark study, we were able to accelerate embedded benchmarks from Embench and MiBench by up to 2.47x with less than 24% area increase. The entire process was conducted completely automatically.

Bilge Acun, Prasoon Sinha, Newsha Ardalani et al.

Hybrid model architectures that combine computational primitives (e.g., Attention, MLP) in different ratios have shown promising performance beyond Transformers. Some studies have shown that different interleavings of primitives can affect model quality as well. However, prior works explore the hybrid model architecture design space manually. Due to the large design space and training costs, discovering hybrid models that combine key computational primitives for pre-training is challenging. In this work, we take a principled approach in designing a modular hybrid model architecture search framework -- Composer. Composer explores model architectures at a small scale and extrapolates the top-performing model architectures to a larger scale using our proposed scaling strategies. Using Composer, we discover new hybrid LLM architectures that outperform Llama 3.2. Compared to Llama 3.2 and previous state-of-the-art baselines, the new model architectures consistently reduce validation loss at parameter scales of 350M-3B and improve evaluation accuracy on the downstream tasks by up to 2.8-8.3% (1.1-3.1% on average) while improving both training and inference efficiency.

Florentia Afentaki, Maha Shatta, Konstantinos Balaskas et al.

Flexible Electronics (FE) have emerged as a promising alternative to silicon-based technologies, offering on-demand low-cost fabrication, conformality, and sustainability. However, their large feature sizes severely limit integration density, imposing strict area and power constraints, thus prohibiting the realization of Machine Learning (ML) circuits, which can significantly enhance the capabilities of relevant near-sensor applications. Support Vector Machines (SVMs) offer high accuracy in such applications at relatively low computational complexity, satisfying FE technologies' constraints. Existing SVM designs rely solely on linear or Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernels, forcing a trade-off between hardware costs and accuracy. Linear kernels, implemented digitally, minimize overhead but sacrifice performance, while the more accurate RBF kernels are prohibitively large in digital, and their analog realization contains inherent functional approximation. In this work, we propose the first mixed-kernel and mixed-signal SVM design in FE, which unifies the advantages of both implementations and balances the cost/accuracy trade-off. To that end, we introduce a co-optimization approach that trains our mixed-kernel SVMs and maps binary SVM classifiers to the appropriate kernel (linear/RBF) and domain (digital/analog), aiming to maximize accuracy whilst reducing the number of costly RBF classifiers. Our designs deliver 7.7% higher accuracy than state-of-the-art single-kernel linear SVMs, and reduce area and power by 108x and 17x on average compared to digital RBF implementations.

Lei Wang, Piotr Koniusz, Yongsheng Gao

Video understanding has advanced rapidly, fueled by increasingly complex datasets and powerful architectures. Yet existing surveys largely classify models by task or family, overlooking the structural pressures through which datasets guide architectural evolution. This survey is the first to adopt a dataset-driven perspective, showing how motion complexity, temporal span, hierarchical composition, and multimodal richness impose inductive biases that models should encode. We reinterpret milestones, from two-stream and 3D CNNs to sequential, transformer, and multimodal foundation models, as concrete responses to these dataset-driven pressures. Building on this synthesis, we offer practical guidance for aligning model design with dataset invariances while balancing scalability and task demands. By unifying datasets, inductive biases, and architectures into a coherent framework, this survey provides both a comprehensive retrospective and a prescriptive roadmap for advancing general-purpose video understanding.

Alessandra Avella, Nicola Pisacane

La ricerca affronta il tema del design del gioiello in un’ottica di sostenibilità ambientale e sociale relativa tanto ai materiali preziosi utilizzati quanto ai processi produttivi impiegati. Lo studio, impiegando metodi e processi propri della disciplina del disegno, pone le basi per l’analisi delle configurazioni morfologiche dei reticoli cristallini, assumendo l’analogia di queste tra pietre naturali e artificiali già nota nel XVIII secolo. Tali premesse sono fondative per la definizione delle possibili “mutazioni” tanto della pietra grezza prodotta in laboratorio, quanto per la ri-sfaccettatura delle pietre naturali, avvalendosi anche di software di modellazione di settore.

Alessandro Claudi de Saint Mihiel

Elena Mussinelli

In the Italian context, the first law directly affecting the urban planning and building sector dates back to approximately 160 years ago, precisely Law 2248/1865. It established the administrative unification of the Kingdom of Italy, empowering municipal councils to deliberate on ‘hygiene, building and local police regulations’, and was followed a few months later by Law 2359/1865 on expropriations for public purpose. By contrast, the first regulations for the protection of artistic, historical, archaeological and ethnographic heritage (1089/1938), and natural beauty (1497/1939), are just over 80 years old. From that time onwards, the rules governing planning and design actions have been considerably enriched and developed. Hence, it is worth reflecting on the effectiveness and efficiency of a regulatory framework that has been governing territorial, urban and building transformations in an increasingly articulated and specialised manner with a view to improving the quality and sustainability of natural and anthropic habitats. Moreover, its ability to govern the ways, times and cultural and technical contents of the project production process to carry out high quality creations is worthy of consideration. Perhaps the issue of standardisation has never been the centre of attention in all sectors of civil life as today: in public administration and scientific research, among economic operators, planners, and citizens themselves. Regulatory systems are increasingly pervasive in regulating design activity and the characteristics of works in response to a general «increase in the variety and complexity of public interests that appear worthy of protection, such as the quality of the environment, the safeguarding of the natural and historical-artistic heritage, the protection of health, the safety of persons, and security […]» (Bassanini et al., 2005). Changing interests require frequent updates to adapt regulations to rapid socio-economic, cultural, and technological changes. The centres of regulatory production have also multiplied, breaking up into different levels and sectors of regulation, namely with multi-level (international, EU, national, regional, local), sectoral (economy, environment, territory, landscape, infrastructure, cultural heritage, health, etc.) and institutional governance structures, with corresponding different interests (public/private, collective/individual) and complicated relationships of interconnection, conditionality and/or competition (Raveraira, 2009). The scenario is even more complex, if we broaden the scope to include, in addition to prescriptive and binding rules, the vast universe of guiding principles, voluntary standards, guidelines, best practices, etc. Moreover, also due to the nature of the legal system model of reference (civil law derived from Roman law, as opposed to the common law of English-speaking countries, founded on the binding force of practice and judgements), Italian legislation has been stratified by an anomalous number of rules, which are often not mutually coordinated, sometimes contradictory or bearing inconsistent definitions. They are either incapable of producing the desired results, or are not the cause of effects even diametrically opposed to those expected. The attempt to solve every problem through a special regulation results in limiting the free and responsible action of citizens (and planners). Indeed, as Marco Romano points out, «to reduce people’s desires to rights codified in the doctrine of planning, imposed by enlightened and pedagogical governments on rebellious citizens unaware of their own good, is to erase what makes them citizens: the diversity of their individual life projects» (Romano, 2013). On the other hand, the discrepancy between this regulatory approach and the reality that surrounds us is evident. On Alessandro Pizzorno’s death, Fabrizio Schiaffonati recalled how, back in the 1960s, the doyen of Italian political sociology had already warned that in Italy «everything must be regulated so that everything can be conceded», pointing out that «this is still the case nowadays, more than half a century later, with good peace for the quality of the project, which is overwhelmed by constraints and contradictory procedures that are obstructive to a necessary qualitative transformation of the anthropic environment within proper time and costs» (Schiaffonati, 2019). This hypertrophic growth of laws and regulations (a true ‘legislative inflation’ or ‘regulatory pollution’) is accompanied by their rapid variability over time, so much so that a building intervention begun within a given legislative framework risks being completed in the presence of a different regulatory framework, which would not have allowed its execution, and vice versa. Not to mention the «badly written, lengthy regulations that are difficult to read and even more difficult to apply, (which) now represent a constant factor with which even the most prepared and motivated operator must come to terms» (Gorlani, 2022), which lead to confusion and interpretative doubts. This makes bureaucratic formalities unnecessarily complex, overloads administrative action, and increases the regulatory and management costs for citizens, businesses and the public institutions themselves, including those dedicated to monitoring and control actions (which, in a context of shrinking public resources, are often the first to be lacking…). Legal uncertainty leads to opaque, if not arbitrary decisions, facilitates corruption, increases discrimination and social conflict, and limits economic development, sometimes to the point of inhibiting it (Bassanini et al., 2005). A vulnus with dramatic effects, if it is true that certainty does not have to be of the law, but: «certainty is law, just as, vice versa, law is certainty, if it is true that law […], is constituted for the specific purpose of giving certainty, or rather: certainties» (emphasis added; Ruggeri, 2005). The body of urban planning legislation has expanded considerably, imposing on city and regional planning new objectives and constraints aimed at protecting and improving the quality of the environment and landscape. Strategic environmental and impact assessments, regulations to limit land consumption, to increase climate resilience and to regenerate the built environment have been in use for many years now, with their rich set of analyses and tools to manage knowledge, build scenarios, compare alternatives, and quantify their effects through indicators (environmental, socioeconomic, etc.). And yet, all this does not seem to have produced the expected effects, as witnessed by the continuing degradation of urban suburbs, the continuous increase in soil erosion by new urbanisations and infrastructures, the abandonment of ‘inland areas’, and the hydrogeological instability of the most ‘fragile’ territories. Instead, by moving more and more on the level of so-called policies, planning seems to have lost its technical capacity to conform the quality of spaces, even in their cultural value and use, in a sort of throwback of illiteracy forgetting the grammatical and syntactical rules of construction of the European city. The disciplinary crisis of the plan is evident, incapable of governing land uses and built forms, as well as the quality of public space, relying, instead, on the abstraction of ‘tactical squares’ and social streets totally inadequate to determine an organic configuration of the urban structure. There is no large city that does not have a plan for climate resilience or sustainable mobility, nor is there a major project that cannot boast top-level environmental and/or energy performance, duly certified even when it plans to replace a tree-lined park of more than 50,000 square metres with green roofs on a shopping centre (for example, San Siro in Milan). Greenwashing operations often characterise the private actions of real estate operators, in the absence of checks and controls by the public authorities. The public works sector has long been searching for a better balance of time, cost and quality of works. «A long journey, which has allowed for advances […] and regulatory innovations during the Nineties» (Schiaffonati, 2006) and which, after thirty years of conjunctural measures (suspensions, temporary derogations, emergency decrees, special procedures and competences, variations of thresholds, etc.1) has led to the new Procurement Code (legislative decree no. 36/2023). It features a text of more than 150,000 words, to which the regulatory and procedural innovations introduced by the PNRR must be added, with the related set of regulations, guidelines, explanatory circulars, protocols and technical instructions2. It is a seemingly unstoppable process of continuous correction and integration to reform the reform, in the absence of the indispensable monitoring activity that should, instead, verify and assess the effects of the application of the regulation to correctly finalise its amendment. Nevertheless, there has been no lack of significant precedents in this regard, as in the case of the French experimentation of the Spinetta Law on construction insurance systems3. If we apply to the standard the historical notion of “quality as fitness for intended use” (Juran, 1951), or to the more recent notion of «the set of properties and characteristics of a product or service that provide the capacity to satisfy expressed or implicit needs» (UNI EN ISO 8402:1995), it clearly appears that the challenge to be faced concerns not so much or only regulatory and administrative simplification, or the replacement of redundant, obsolete or unjustified regulations, but precisely the “quality of regulation”. A direction undertaken since 2001 by OECD and Apec countries with a Regulatory Reform (reference criteria to ensure quality and transparency in regulatory activity), in line with the obligation to formulate rules that are conceptually and semantically precise, clear and comprehensible in the terms used, in the objectives set, in the required behaviour (Constitutional Court, ruling no. 364 of 1988) and, above all, with contents derived from consensual and shared planning (Raveraira, 2009). Responsibility, consensus and collaboration are, I believe, the key words to possibly rethink the relationship between design and regulation. In fact, I agree with Marco Dugato’s observation in this Dossier when he argues that «the fault of normative hypertrophy cannot be attributed to the omnipotence of the regulator by itself, rather it is attributable to the contribution of the ones regulated». If it is true that architectural design is constrained by regulations, it certainly cannot be mechanically determined by them for mere reasons of conformity. Conversely, as Maria Chiara Torricelli emphasises again in the Dossier, the norm is a tool that provides valid and shared knowledge to the project; and the project itself, as a projective activity, contributes proactively to its definition. There are many examples spanning technical directives regulating the implementation cycles of the INA Casa, the result of design research in support of the political project, and the various procedural and meta design regulations derived from research in the Architectural Technology Field. Such design experiences have unfolded in an experimental manner, in derogation of the regulations and leading to their renewal. Instead, deductive design approaches seem to prevail today, due to the growing availability of algorithmic procedures that do not merely support the design process, but develop it in an almost automated manner through conditioning and prevailing indicators and parameters. These tools legitimise choices where conformity to the standard acts as a screen for the assumption of precise responsibilities. There is a conceptual and operational reversal with respect to creative, responsibly inductive design action, which experiments and innovates, putting the principles of adequate performance and compliance with needs over the criteria of formal conformity. This is evident in the relationship between technical regulations and techno-typological innovation for evolutions that move the parameters of regulatory congruity “forward”, but sometimes even “sideways”. This also counteracts the phenomena of norm obsolescence. In consideration of the pervasiveness of the regulatory systems that rule design action, it is, finally, disturbing to observe the very limited importance assigned to this subject in the education of new designers. The didactics of design, which have long been the focus of Architecture studies, rarely envisage a structured discussion on regulatory and normative aspects, leaving them to the discretion of professors. Hence, at the end of the course, a large proportion of students have never heard about the Code of Procurement, environmental impact assessment or minimum environmental criteria… Whereas it is, instead, essential to solicit, from the first year, critical attention to the normative paradigm, also for the ethical, social and professional responsibilities it entails, and to encourage the assumption of norms and constraints as factors that nourish the entire design process. The norm thus becomes a «tool for guiding and controlling design choices», which as such «must be assumed in the organisation of the starting data» (Del Nord, 1992). Not to mention the need for qualifying training programmes, as Mario Avagnina points out, so that all those involved in the process, particularly public clients, are able to carry out their tasks. The objective is far from being achieved, and «necessarily passes through the training of the figures involved, starting with the RUPs». Figures characterised not only by technical knowledge of the building process and its rules, but also by a culture of standards and conscious responsibility that can only derive from a design practice, which is continually verified in the real context, and by design actions based on an experimental method that aims to face the issues of society. Figures characterised not only by technical know-how of the building process and its rules, but also by a culture of standards and conscious responsibility, which can only derive from a practice continually verified by comparison with reality, and by design actions marked by an experimental method that finds its arguments in taking on the problems of society.

Pengcheng Ding, Yedian Cheng, Mirjana Prpa

Recent advancements in augmented reality and virtual reality have significantly enhanced workflows for drawing 3D objects. Despite these technological strides, existing AR tools often lack the necessary precision and struggle to maintain quality when scaled, posing challenges for larger-scale drawing tasks. This paper introduces a novel AR tool that uniquely integrates bitmap drawing and vectorization techniques. This integration allows engineers to perform rapid, real-time drawings directly on 3D models, with the capability to vectorize the data for scalable accuracy and editable points, ensuring no loss in fidelity when modifying or resizing the drawings. We conducted user studies involving professional engineers, designers, and contractors to evaluate the tool's integration into existing workflows, its usability, and its impact on project outcomes. The results demonstrate that our enhancements significantly improve the efficiency of drawing processes. Specifically, the ability to perform quick, editable, and scalable drawings directly on 3D models not only enhances productivity but also ensures adaptability across various project sizes and complexities.

Zhijie Chen, Xinglin Zhang, Hongshu Guo et al.

The landscape of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) is rapidly expanding, yet lacks a unified theoretical framework and a clear principle for efficient architecture design. This paper addresses these gaps with three core contributions. First, we introduce the Universal KAN (Uni-KAN) framework, a novel abstraction that formally unifies all KAN-style networks through dense and sparse representations. We prove their interchangeability and provide an open-source library for this framework, facilitating future research. Second, we propose the Efficient KAN Expansion (EKE) Hypothesis, a design philosophy positing that allocating parameters to architectural scaling rather than basis function complexity yields superior performance. Third, we present Single-Parameter KANs (SKANs), a family of ultra-lightweight networks that embody the EKE Hypothesis. Our comprehensive experiments provide the first strong empirical validation for the theoretical necessity of basis function smoothness for stable training. Furthermore, SKANs demonstrate state-of-the-art performance, improving F1 scores by up to 6.51\% and reducing test loss by 93.1\%, while achieving up to 6x faster training speeds compared to existing KAN variants. These results establish a robust framework, a guiding hypothesis, and a practical methodology for designing the next generation of efficient and powerful neural networks. The code is accessible at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/SKAN-EBBB/.

Federico M. Butera

Alessandro Claudi de St. Mihiel

Yasemin Akcakaya, Ece Karaca, Can Baldan

Kamusal alan tartışmalarında bölgesel bağlamın etkisi literatürde geniş yer bulmaktadır. Çalışmalar; grupların birbirleriyle olan etkileşimlerinin, mekânla kurdukları bağın, etnik ve kültürel desenin, politik kararların mekân üretimi üzerinde etkili olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Tarihsel akışta etnik kümelenmelerin gözlemlendiği, bu desenin zamanla değiştiği kent parçaları toplumların mekân üretim potansiyelleri ve yerel halkın kentte kendine has görünürlüğünün izlerini sürmek açısından fırsatlar sunar. Çalışmada Osmanlı ve Cumhuriyet dönemlerinde Yahudi ve Rum etnik kümelenmelerinin kentle kurduğu ilişkiler ağının izlerini sürmek amaçlanmıştır. Belirlenen amaçla Ankara, İzmir ve İstanbul’da seçilen Rum ve Yahudi mahallelerindeki etnik kümelenmelerin kentsel kimlik ve hafıza üzerindeki etkileri ve yansımaları irdelenmiştir. Etnik ve mezheplere göre ayrılmış toplumdan Cumhuriyetle birlikte ulus devlete geçiş, yangınlar ve göç dalgalarının önemli olduğu ve bu dönemlerin kentsel kimliğe yansımalarının olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda incelenen bölgelerin her dönemin kendine has izlerini taşıdığı, etnik yığılmaların içe kapanma eğiliminin olduğu, sosyal ağların ortaya çıkmasında inanç benzerliklerinin de etkisinin olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Joshua Prendergast, Manaswin Oddiraju, Mostafa Nouh et al.

Auxetics refer to a class of engineered structures which exhibit an overall negative Poisson's ratio. These structures open up various potential opportunities in impact resistance, high energy absorption, and flexible robotics, among others. Interestingly, auxetic structures could also be tailored to provide passive adaptation to changes in environmental stimuli -- an adaptation of this concept is explored in this paper in the context of designing a novel load-adaptive gripper system. Defining the design in terms of repeating parametric unit cells from which the finite structure can be synthesized presents an attractive computationally-efficient approach to designing auxetic structures. This approach also decouples the optimization cost and the size of the overall structure, and avoids the pitfalls of system-scale design e.g., via topology optimization. In this paper, a surrogate-based design optimization framework is presented to implement the concept of passively load-adaptive structures (of given outer shape) synthesized from auxetic unit cells. Open-source meshing, FEA and Bayesian Optimization tools are integrated to develop this computational framework, enhancing it adopt-ability and extensibility. Demonstration of the concept and the underlying framework is performed by designing a simplified robotic gripper, with the objective to maximize the ratio of towards-load (gripping) horizontal displacement to the load-affected vertical displacement. Optimal auxetic cell-based design generated thereof is found to be four times better in terms of exhibited contact reaction force when compared to a design obtained with topology optimization that is subjected to the same specified maximum loading.

Ayşegül Çelenk, Şule Sinem Sürdem

In the process from past to present, life has evolved in a changing world order. In prehistoric times, while basic needs were housing and nutrition, needs and expectations have changed with the developing industry. However, the changing order depending on the existence of humanity has led to the emergence of many flaws. While human beings always wanted to be in the center of life, they desire new worlds and a more perfect order as the parameters in life are continuously changing. Many thoughts that are known to be impossible to realize as a result of the desire to solve the difficulties that human beings face within the limits of their life constitute the utopias. Although it seems impossible for utopias to capture the reality, the individual should not put anything between the object and the object order to perceive the reality with the images envisioned by the individuals. Expressing the representations produced independently of the object through space, catalize the understanding of utopias and the attendance in them. The designs that highlight the building, which is the object of today's architecture, have been introduced. The important thing in architecture, which is thought to bring a critical expression to this form of understanding, is actually the representation of the structure of the thought with various means, instead of the structure, which is important in architecture. Bacon's The New Atlantis is the sample chosen for a textual analysis within the scope of this study, which was prepared considering that it would add a different dimension to the architectural discussions. The representations of the texts, independently from objects, are dealt through spatial fiction. It is aimed to examine the spatial relations through the ideal society fiction and the unreal world that Bacon handles with his utopian expression. The aim of Bacon, who makes the social world and nature the object of design in his writing, is to dominate nature and to make it the object of human mind and science, with the representation of the places on the island named Bensalem. It is seen that the utopian connection in the formation of the space designs is constructed over nature.

Alessandro Bianchi, Domenico D'Uva, Federico Eugeni

<p>In August of 2016, the town of Arquata del Tronto suffered an earthquake that produced significant damages to the village and the medieval Rocca's structure and integrity.</p><p>The earthquakes of 2016 and 2017 greatly damaged the structures added to the castle and the historical construction itself: the roof was perforated, the battlements fell, parts of the walls themselves crumbled. These events were understood as opportunities. The Rocca was still standing after the series of unfortunate events, thus holding a new symbolic function for Arquata.</p><p>This proposal aims to research a method to regenerate the place by following three scales of intervention unified in the landscape: territorial, urban and architectural. Based on the various reflections and analyses derived from the different survey models, we demonstrate that preservation actions depend on minor and necessary interventions in terms of connection and building restoration while keeping the cultural background and importance of the area intact. To do this, an accurate territorial and architectural survey is needed, based on mixed techniques between landscape and architecture. The aim of the process developed is the analysis of the site accessibility, creating a hinge between the survey, the restoration, and finally, an evaluation of the restoration project inserted in the territory itself.</p><p>DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.27.2021.15</p>