Hasil untuk "Unlocalized maps (Asian studies only)"

Daocheng Lin, Yifan Wang, Yutong Yang et al.

When designed deliberately, data visualizations can become powerful persuasive tools, influencing viewers' opinions, values, and actions. While researchers have begun studying this issue (e.g., to evaluate the effects of persuasive visualization), we argue that a fundamental mechanism of persuasion resides in rhetorical construction, a perspective inadequately addressed in current visualization research. To fill this gap, we present a focused analysis of octopus maps, a visual genre that has maintained persuasive power across centuries and achieved significant social impact. Employing rhetorical schema theory, we collected and analyzed 90 octopus maps spanning from the 19th century to contemporary times. We closely examined how octopus maps implement their persuasive intents and constructed a design space that reveals how visual metaphors are strategically constructed and what common rhetorical strategies are applied to components such as maps, octopus imagery, and text. Through the above analysis, we also uncover a set of interesting findings. For instance, contrary to the common perception that octopus maps are primarily a historical phenomenon, our research shows that they remain a lively design convention in today's digital age. Additionally, while most octopus maps stem from Western discourse that views the octopus as an evil symbol, some designs offer alternative interpretations, highlighting the dynamic nature of rhetoric across different sociocultural settings. Lastly, drawing from the lessons provided by octopus maps, we discuss the associated ethical concerns of persuasive visualization.

Kosuke Nomura

The present status of the mapped interacting boson model studies on nuclear structure is reviewed. With the assumption that the nuclear surface deformation induced by the multi-nucleon dynamics is simulated by bosonic degrees of freedom, the interacting-boson Hamiltonian that provides energy spectra and wave functions is determined by mapping the potential energy surface that is obtained from self-consistent mean-field calculations based on the energy density functional onto the corresponding energy surface of the boson system. This procedure has been shown to be valid in general cases of the quadrupole collective states, and has allowed for systematic studies on spectroscopic properties of medium-heavy and heavy nuclei, including those that are far from the line of $β$ stability. The method has been extended to study nuclear structure phenomena that include shape phase transitions and coexistence, octupole deformation and collectivity, and the coupling of the single-particle to collective degrees of freedom, which is crucial to describe structures of odd nuclei, and $β$ and $ββ$ decays.

Remi Petitpierre

This thesis presents methods and datasets to investigate cartographic heritage on a large scale and from a cultural perspective. Heritage institutions worldwide have digitized more than one million maps, and automated techniques now enable large-scale recognition and extraction of map content. Yet these methods have engaged little with the history of cartography, or the view that maps are semantic-symbolic systems, and cultural objects reflecting political and epistemic expectations. This work leverages a diverse corpus of 771,561 map records and 99,715 digitized images aggregated from 38 digital catalogs. After normalization, the dataset includes 236,925 contributors and spans six centuries, from 1492 to 1948. These data make it possible to chart geographic structures and the global chronology of map publication. The spatial focus of cartography is analyzed in relation to political dynamics, evidencing links between Atlantic maritime charting, the triangular trade, and colonial expansion. Further results document the progression of national, domestic focus and the impact of military conflicts on publication volumes. The research introduces semantic segmentation techniques and object detection models for the generic recognition of land classes and cartographic signs, trained on annotated data and synthetic images. The analysis of land classes shows that maps are designed images whose framing and composition emphasize features through centering and semantic symmetries. The study of cartographic figuration encodes 63 M signs and 25 M fragments into a latent visual space, revealing figurative shifts such as the replacement of relief hachures by terrain contours and showing that signs tend to form locally consistent systems. Analyses of collaboration and diffusion highlight the role of legitimacy, larger actors, and major cities in the spread of figurative norms and semiotic cultures.

Till Hauser

Mean equicontinity is a well studied notion for actions. We propose a definition of mean equicontinuous factor maps that generalizes mean equicontinuity to the relative context. For this we work in the context of countable amenable groups. We show that a factor map is equicontinuous, if and only if it is mean equicontinuous and distal. Furthermore, we show that a factor map is topo-isomorphic, if and only if it is mean equicontinuous and proximal. We present that the notions of topo-isomorphy and Banach proximality coincide for all factor maps. In the second part of the paper we turn our attention to decomposition and composition properties. It is well known that a mean equicontinuous action is a topo-isomorphic extension of an equicontinuous action. In the context of minimal and the context of weakly mean equicontinuous actions, respectively, we show that any mean equicontinuous factor map can be decomposed into an equicontinuous factor map after a topo-isomorphic factor map. Furthermore, for factor maps between weakly mean equicontinuous actions we show that a factor map is mean equicontinuous, if and only if it is the composition of an equicontinuous factor map after a topo-isomorphic factor map. We will see that this decomposition is always unique up to conjugacy.

Naoki Kitazawa

In our paper, we introduce special-generic-like maps or SGL maps as smooth maps and study their several algebraic topological and differential topological properties. The new class generalize the class of so-called special generic maps. Special generic maps are smooth maps which are locally projections or the product maps of Morse functions and the identity maps on disks. Morse functions with exactly two singular points on spheres or Morse functions in Reeb's theorem are simplest examples. Special generic maps and the manifolds of their domains have been studied well. Their structures are simple and this help us to study explicitly. As important properties, they have been shown to restrict the topologies and the differentiable structures of the manifolds strongly by Saeki and Sakuma, followed by Nishioka, Wrazidlo and the author. To cover wider classes of manifolds as the domains, the author previously introduced a class generalizing the class of special generic maps and smaller than our class: simply generalized special generic maps.

Julian D. Cortes, Zaida Chinchilla-Rodriguez, Katerina Bohle-Karbonell

The application of mathematics and statistical methods to scholarly communication: scientometrics, has facilitated the systematic analysis of the modern digital tide of literature. This chapter reviews three of such applications: coauthorship, bibliographic coupling, and coword networks. It also presents an exploratory case of study for the knowledge circulation literature. It was found a diverse geographical production, mainly in the Global North and Asian institutions with significant intermediation of universities from USA, Colombia, and Japan. The research fronts identified were related to science and medicine's history and philosophy; education, health, policy studies; and a set of interdisciplinary topics. Finally, the knowledge pillars were comprised of urban planning policy, economic geography, and historical and theoretical perspectives in the Netherlands and Central Europe; globalization and science, technology, and innovation and historical and institutional frameworks in the UK; and cultural and learning studies in the XXI century.

Neha Arora, Theophile Cabannes, Sanjay Ganapathy et al.

Google Maps uses current and historical traffic trends to provide routes to drivers. In this paper, we use microscopic traffic simulation to quantify the improvements to both travel time and CO$_2$ emissions from Google Maps real-time navigation. A case study in Salt Lake City shows that Google Maps users are, on average, saving 1.7% of CO$_2$ emissions and 6.5% travel time. If we restrict to the users for which Google Maps finds a different route than their original route, the average savings are 3.4% of CO$_2$ emissions and 12.5% of travel time. These results are based on traffic conditions observed during the Covid-19 pandemic. As congestion gradually builds back up to pre-pandemic levels, it is expected to lead to even greater savings in emissions.

Juan Andres Carruthers, Jorge Andres Diaz Pace, Emanuel Agustin Irrazabal

Context: software projects are common resources in Software Engineering experiments, although these are often selected without following a specific strategy, which reduces the representativeness and replication of the results. An option is the use of preserved collections of software projects, but these must be current, with explicit guidelines that guarantee their updating over a long period of time. Goal: to carry out a systematic secondary study about the strategies to select software projects in empirical studies to discover the guidelines taken into account, the degree of use of project collections, the meta-data extracted and the subsequent statistical analysis conducted. Method: A systematic mapping study to identify studies published from January 2013 to December 2020. Results: 122 studies were identified, of which the 72% used their own guidelines for project selection and the 27% used existent project collections. Likewise, there was no evidence of a standardized framework for the project selection process, nor the application of statistical methods that relates with the sample collection strategy.

Roger Vieira, Kleinner Farias

In recent years, many studies have applied wearable devices to capture psychophysiological data from software developers. However, the current literature lacks investigations that classify the studies and point out gaps to be explored. This article, therefore, seeks to present a comprehensive overview of the literature by classifying and creating a systematic map of the works. Besides, it seeks to pinpoint research gaps, challenges, and trends. Based on widely known guidelines, a systematic mapping of the literature was designed and run to answer eight research questions. After applying a careful filtering process, we selected 27 representative studies from a sample of 2,084 potentially relevant works retrieved from seven digital libraries. The main results are: a classification scheme of the published studies was produced; there is no predominance of the devices used to capture psychophysiological data; over 50% of the studies have explored indicators related to mental states and neural activity; and 80% have analyzed composite data to understand the cognitive load and in the context of understanding debugging programs and strategies. Our findings can benefit researchers and students by creating a systematic map of the literature, being a starting point for future research.

Jalal Sakhdari, Behrooz Zolfaghari, Shaghayegh Izadpanah et al.

Edge computing is a novel computing paradigm that extends cloud resources at the edge of the network to tackle the problem of communication latency in latency-sensitive applications. For the last decades, there have been many efforts dedicated to this field. The dramatic growth in the publications, and the great attention of the research community, have made it necessary to conduct a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) to enable researchers get a better view of the field. A three-tier search method is considered in this work. In this method, we defined some quality criteria to extract appropriate search spaces and studies. Using this methodology, we select 112 search spaces out of 805 ones, and by searching in these search spaces we select 1440 studies out of 8725. In our SMS, 8 research questions have been designed and answered to identify the main topics, architectures, techniques, etc. in the field of edge computing.

Tasos Spiliotopoulos, Ian Oakley

This workshop paper reports on an ongoing mixed-methods study on the two arguably most popular social network sites, Facebook and Twitter, for the same users. The overarching goal of the study is to shed light into the nuances of social media selection and cross-platform use by combining survey data about participants' motivations with usage data collected via API extraction. We describe the set-up of the study and focus our discussion on the challenges and insights relating to participant recruiting and data collection, handling and dimensionalizing usage data, and comparing usage data across sites.

Andrey Bokovoy, Kirill Muraviev, Konstantin Yakovlev

Simultaneous localization and mapping, especially the one relying solely on video data (vSLAM), is a challenging problem that has been extensively studied in robotics and computer vision. State-of-the-art vSLAM algorithms are capable of constructing accurate-enough maps that enable a mobile robot to autonomously navigate an unknown environment. In this work, we are interested in an important problem related to vSLAM, i.e. map merging, that might appear in various practically important scenarios, e.g. in a multi-robot coverage scenario. This problem asks whether different vSLAM maps can be merged into a consistent single representation. We examine the existing 2D and 3D map-merging algorithms and conduct an extensive empirical evaluation in realistic simulated environment (Habitat). Both qualitative and quantitative comparison is carried out and the obtained results are reported and analyzed.

Yalong Yang, Tim Dwyer, Kim Marriott et al.

We introduce Tilt Map, a novel interaction technique for intuitively transitioning between 2D and 3D map visualisations in immersive environments. Our focus is visualising data associated with areal features on maps, for example, population density by state. Tilt Map transitions from 2D choropleth maps to 3D prism maps to 2D bar charts to overcome the limitations of each. Our paper includes two user studies. The first study compares subjects' task performance interpreting population density data using 2D choropleth maps and 3D prism maps in virtual reality (VR). We observed greater task accuracy with prism maps, but faster response times with choropleth maps. The complementarity of these views inspired our hybrid Tilt Map design. Our second study compares Tilt Map to: a side-by-side arrangement of the various views; and interactive toggling between views. The results indicate benefits for Tilt Map in user preference; and accuracy (versus side-by-side) and time (versus toggle).

Luis A. Aleman Castaneda, Miguel A. Alonso

We present an approach for the study and design of reflectors with rotational or translational symmetry that redirect light from a point source into any desired radiant intensity distribution. This method is based on a simple conformal map that transforms the reflectors' shape into a curve that describes light's direction after reflection. Both segmented and continuous reflectors are discussed, illustrating how certain reflector characteristics become apparent under this transformation. This method can also be used to study extended sources via translations.

Takafumi Mase

We study nonautonomous mappings of the plane by means of spaces of initial conditions. First we introduce the notion of a space of initial conditions for nonautonomous systems and we study the basic properties of general equations that have spaces of initial conditions. Then, we consider the minimization of spaces of initial conditions for nonautonomous systems and we show that if a nonautonomous mapping of the plane with a space of initial conditions, and unbounded degree growth, has zero algebraic entropy, then it must be one of the discrete Painlevé equations in the Sakai classification.

S. Wacharapluesadee, K. Olival, Budsabong Kanchanasaka et al.

To the Editor: Active surveillance for zoonotic pathogens in wildlife is particularly critical when the pathogen has the potential to cause a large-scale outbreak. The recent outbreak of Ebola virus (EBOV) disease in West Africa in 2014 was initiated by a single spillover event, followed by human-to-human transmission (1). Projection of filovirus ecologic niches suggests possible areas of distribution in Southeast Asia (2). Reston virus was discovered in macaques exported from the Philippines to the United States in 1989 and in sick domestic pigs in the Philippines in 2008 (with asymptomatic infection in humans) (3). Dead insectivorous bats in Europe were found to be infected by a filovirus, similar to other members of the genus Ebolavirus (4). Although EBOV has historically been viewed as a virus from Africa, recent studies found that bat populations in Bangladesh and China contain antibodies against EBOV and Reston virus recombinant proteins, which suggests that EBOVs are widely distributed throughout Asia (5,6). Thus, an outbreak in Asian countries free of EBOV diseases may not only be caused by importation of infected humans and/or wildlife from Africa but may arise from in-country filovirus–infected wildlife. Serologic and molecular evidence for filoviruses suggests that members of the order Chiroptera (bats) may be their natural reservoir (7). As part of a proactive biosurveillance program, we conducted a cross-sectional study for EBOV infection in bats and macaques in Thailand. We screened 500 Pteropus lylei bats collected from 10 roosting sites during March–June 2014 (Technical Appendix Figure) for antibodies against EBOV antigen by using an ELISA validated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA, USA) (8). Bats and macaques were captured with permission from the Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of California, Davis (protocol #16048) approved the capture and sample collection protocols. To further screen a wide range of wildlife species in Thailand for active EBOV infection, we sampled and tested 699 healthy bats, representing 26 species, and 50 long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Additional bat species were randomly captured (≥50/site) in 6 provinces in Thailand during 2011–2013 and identified by morphologic traits. Macaques were captured and sampled in March 2013 from 1 site at Khao Chakan, Sa Kaeo Province, and released at the same site. Blood, saliva, urine, and feces were collected from anesthetized macaques or nonanesthetized bats. All animals were released after sample collection. Details on species screened, sample sizes, and trapping localities are provided in the Table. Table Overview of bats and macaques tested by Ebola virus IgG ELISA or PCR for filoviruses, Thailand, 2011–2014 All nonblood specimens were collected in nucleic acid extraction buffer (lysis buffer) and transported on ice to the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses laboratory (Bangkok, Thailand) for storage and testing. Three types of specimen (saliva, urine, and serum) were collected from individual animals and pooled. Nucleic acid was then extracted with NucliSENS easyMAG (bioMerieux, Boxtel, the Netherlands) and analyzed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). A consensus RT-PCR was used to screen for all known species of Ebola virus and Marburg virus, including EBOV (9). In total, 5 RT-PCRs were performed on each specimen, a regimen that included 4 sets of primers specific to known filoviruses and 1 degenerate primer set to detect novel viruses in this family. The sensitivity of RT-PCR on synthetic standard was 50–500 copies/reaction (9). We ran 3,745 PCRs, covering a range of assays, to increase detection sensitivity. All specimens examined were negative for filoviruses by EBOV ELISA and PCR (Table). For P. lylei ELISA screening, optical density values for all 500 bats ranged from 0.000 to 0.095, well below the potential positive cutoff value of 0.2. Assuming a population size of ≈5,000 bats/roost and a sample size of 50 bats/site, we have 95% confidence that if >6% of the population had antibodies against EBOV antigen, we would have detected it. If we assume that all 500 animals are part of 1 large panmictic population, and we have 95% confidence that if EBOV were circulating in >0.5% of the population, we would have detected it. Therefore, although we cannot rule out infection of this species with 100% confidence, P. lylei bats, the most abundant species of large pteropid bats in Thailand, are highly unlikely to be reservoirs for EBOV. Our sample sizes for PCR screening of other bat species in this study were much smaller, and we had no supported serologic data, but these negative results could add to the knowledge of filovirus infection in nontissue specimens from healthy bats. Previous studies have detected Ebola virus–like filovirus RNA in lung tissue of healthy Rousettus leschenaultia bats in China (10) and from organs and throat and rectal swab specimens from a die-off of Miniopterus schreibersii bats in Spain (4). In our study, which included 22 M. schreibersii and 132 M. magnate bats, none of the bats tested positive for filoviruses.One limitation of the cross-sectional sampling strategy used here, however, is that PCR-negative findings do not necessarily mean that the bats were not infected in the past. Although we found no evidence of filovirus infection in wildlife species tested in Thailand, we believe that continuing targeted surveillance in wildlife should enable early detection and preparedness to preempt emerging zoonoses. Technical Appendix. Map showing 20 Pteropus lylei bat roosting sites (gray circles, update 2015) in Thailand from 10 years of population surveys by the Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation and Kasetsart University, Thailand. These bats form large, colonial aggregations of individual animals, which often roost near human dwellings and primarily in the central region of the country. The map shows that populations of this species are concentrated in Central Thailand. Ten sampling sites (black star) included in the current study, March–June 2014, were selected on the basis of the size of the bat population, >2,000 bats/colony (50 individual bats sampled/locality). Abbreviations indicate provinces where P. lylei bats were found: AT, Ang Thong; AY, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya; BK, Bangkok; CH, Chonburi; CHS, Chachoengsao; NY, Nakhon Nayok; PBR, Prachinburi; SAK, Srakaeo; SB, Saraburi; SH, Singburi; SMR, Samut Sakhon; SP, Suphan Buri. Click here to view.(149K, pdf)

Christine E. Bose, Minjeong Kim

A. Tatem, A. Gaughan, F. Stevens et al.

Asia M. Friedman, Catherine Lee

R. Fisher, M. Uili, F. Enoka et al.