Hasil untuk "Special industries and trades"

Shreya Dave, Venkat Ram Reddy Minampati, Parth Prajapati

The abundant solar energy source provides an immense scope to create ample opportunities to produce affordable and clean energy. To utilise this energy optimally, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, has launched the ‘Rooftop Solar Programme’ in 2014, aiming to achieve an installed capacity of 40 gigawatts by 2022, further extended till 2026. The present study identifies the interests and apprehensions of the respondents to install rooftop solar (RTS) panels; it analyses respondents’ perception of RTS panels and sustainable lifestyle and evaluates the government’s role in encouraging people to adopt sustainable lifestyle practices. The data are collected by applying the snowball sampling method through a structured questionnaire circulated in the 5 zones of Ahmedabad city. The citizens’ perception is collected through a 5-point Likert scale. It is found in the study that the main advantage of installing RTS panels is a reduction in electricity costs, and the main challenge is the regular maintenance of the panels. A total of 44.8% of respondents installed RTS panels as they felt that this would help them to contribute to preserving the environment. The study also reveals that the lengthy payback period of the panels (28.6% respondents) and lack of knowledge about net-metering (27% respondents) are the factors that prevent nonusers from installing the panels. The study concludes that adopting RTS panels results from awareness campaigns, government subsidies, and word of mouth. The study also concludes that both citizens and the government need each other’s cooperation to carry out a greater behaviour change programme.

Liuti SHI, Yunhui CHEN, Jiahuang TU

[Objective] The paper takes the NREL-5MW wind turbine as the research object, adopts the control strategy based on the single and combination of the yaw angle(θ) of the upstream wind turbine and the tower height(ΔH) difference of the downstream wind turbine as well as the lateral spacing(Δy), researches the complex wake interference effect between the two wind turbines. [Method] Numerically simulated the part of the wake interfering phenomenon between the two wind turbines, analyzed the aerodynamic power of the two wind turbines, the average speed of the wake flow, and the effect of the wake interference to improve the power generation of the whole wind power field efficiency of the whole wind farm. [Result] The results show that the overall power of the wind turbine and its enhancement ratio are maximized when the combined strategy is implemented, especially when adjusting the lateral spacing Δy=4D or Δy=8D on the basis of θ=20°. [Conclusion] By changing the yaw angle of the upstream wind turbine or the upstream and downstream wind turbines staggered arrangement and other wake effect inhibition strategies, the power output of the upstream wind turbine is reduced and the effect of the wake of the upstream wind turbine is improved, which can improve the aerodynamic power output of the downstream wind turbine and the overall power generation of the wind turbine, and improve the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine in a relatively large scale, and provide a certain degree of numerical simulation for the optimization of the arrangement of large-scale wind farms support.

Olga N. Mirkina

Information technologies and digitalization are actively used in the activities of enterprises in various industries. The terms "digitalization" and "digital transformation" should be distinguished. The degree of digitalization among enterprises in the transport industry and logistics is quite high. Further expansion of the introduction of digital technologies is facilitated by the adoption and implementation of government strategic documents. According to the author, the activities of transport enterprises have not yet entered the stage of digital transformation, although there are conditions for this. Transport and logistics enterprises use a variety of digital technologies and tools. They contribute to the positive economic result of enterprises. The goal is to consider the dynamics and trends of digitalization of the activities of domestic transport industry enterprises. Methodology. The study used a systematic approach and general scientific methods - statistical, comparative analysis and logical generalizations. Results. Differences between the terms "digitalization" and "digital transformation" are shown. The degree of digitalization of transport and logistics enterprises was assessed. Promising directions for the development of digital technologies in the activities of transport and logistics enterprises are presented. Field of application of the results. It is advisable to apply the obtained results to economic entities engaged in activities in the field of transport and logistics, as well as public administration.

Daniel Ilk, Viktoria Frick, Christopher Hänel et al.

Humidification of polymer electrolyte membranes in fuel cells is essential for high proton conductivity and lifetime, therefore often membrane humidifier modules are used. We report about the degradation of polyimide humidifier membranes under the influence of airborne ozone traces: during operation we tracked the membranes humidifier performance in 5 modules for up to 1000 h with trace levels of ozone (100 ppb) and conducted characterization tests at 200 h intervals. Operating the humidifier with ozone resulted in a linear decrease in the membrane's ability to transfer moisture over time. Moreover, the glass transition temperature of the membrane material decreases linearly with longer exposure to ozone, while the mechanical strength in terms of breaking force and elongation at break decreases too. Infrared spectra of the tested fibers showed no changes. The reduced water vapor flux would limit fuel cell performance, while the reduced mechanical properties of the membrane can lead to rupture.

Vitaly Y. Prikhodko, Josh A. Pihl, Todd J. Toops et al.

A three-way catalyst (TWC) and a TWC with a NOx storage component (NS-TWC) were evaluated on a lean spark ignition (SI) engine platform to reduce the fuel consumption and emissions of a passive selective catalytic reduction (pSCR) emission control system. The pSCR system is an approach for controlling NOx emissions from lean SI engines. It relies on onboard NH3 generation over a TWC during brief periods of fuel-rich operation. The NH3 is then stored on a downstream SCR catalyst and is available for NOx reduction during subsequent periods of lean engine operation. The NS-TWC addition enabled longer lean operation and more efficient NH3 use, which lowered fuel penalty of the pSCR system. Over a pseudo-transient drive cycle, the lean SI engine with pSCR that included NS-TWC demonstrated a 8.3% reduction in gasoline consumption over stoichiometric-only engine operation, and the NOx and non-CH4 organic gas emissions were consistent with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Tier 3 levels. The CO emissions, primarily from rich operation, exceeded the EPA Tier 3 levels. A cleanup catalyst (CUC) with high oxygen storage capacity was used to oxidize tailpipe CO during rich excursions by using the stored oxygen from the preceding lean operation. Although the CUC decreased CO emissions and reduced NH3 slip, some of the NH3 was converted back to NOx. Furthermore, rich CO control remains challenging. The results of this work demonstrate significant improvement in fuel consumption and emissions with a modified pSCR system architecture.

Marcelo Eidi Nita, Bruno Riveros, Gabriel Ogata Pedro et al.

Introdução: Com a criação a quatro anos da CONITEC houve uma explosão de publicação de estudos de dados de vida real (DVR) no Brasil, considerando a crescente demanda da agência por evidências de vida real (EVR). No entanto, há pouca análise sobre o tipo de evidências sendo solicitadas e as alternativas de fontes de dados da vida real ou as soluções empregadas nas submissões para CONITEC. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar os relatórios de avaliação de tecnologias em saúde (ATS) da CONITEC para identificar os padrões de EVR e as alternativas empregadas nas submissões para CONITEC de fontes de DVR. Material e métodos: Os relatórios da CONITEC, que são colocados em consulta pública pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS), no período de janeiro até setembro de 2015, foram revistos para informação de EVR e DVR. A totalidade de 37 relatórios deste período foi analisada nesta pesquisa. As variáveis analisadas incluíram: o tipo de tecnologia, a área terapêutica (AT), a fonte de demanda, a decisão final, e fontes de EVR e DVR. Resultados: No total, houve 33 demandas de inclusão e quatro de exclusão. As tecnologias mais frequentemente demandadas foram os medicamentos, 31 de um total de 37. As ATs incluíram doenças infecciosas (8), imunobiológicos (6), e câncer (4). Um total de 24 demandas foi oriundo de departamentos internas do MS. Entre as demandas externas, a maioria foi da indústria. O banco de dados do DATASUS (SUS) foi à fonte de DVR mais frequententemente citada nos relatórios finais (19), considerando que dados de epidemiologia, recursos usados e custos, e padrões de tratamento foram as EVR mais frequentemente citadas. Os custos das drogas foram frequentemente extraídos do Diário Oficial da União (17).  Os estudos observacionais foram citados em 12 relatórios, incluindo estudos de prontuários médicos ou entrevistas estruturadas. No entanto, foi observado um grande número de premissas ou estimativas oriundas de opinião de um especialista ou extraído da literatura internacional. Finalmente, dentre as várias demandas de EVR, os relatórios simplesmente, não citam nenhuma informação. Discussão: A CONITEC está demandando EVR em seus relatórios. As abordagens sendo utilizadas são muito variadas e cobrem inúmeras alternativas metodológicas. Desde métodos robustos, como estudos observacionais, bem como métodos de menor qualidade, como a opinião de especialistas. Uma nova preocupação que surge é como os DVR estão sendo coletadas e os ajustes estatísticos empregados nos relatórios. E não encontramos uma clara menção sobre estes tratamentos metodológicos para controle dos inúmeros vieses que estes projetos estão sujeitos. Conclusão: Está muito clara a crescente demanda da CONITEC por EVR. Nos casos que não há DVR, têm sido extensivamente utilizadas estimativas ou opinião de um especialista. Há uma clara necessidade de uma diretriz metodológica que padronize estes estudos, elevando a qualidade do nível de evidências dos DVR nas ATS da CONITEC. 

Sofiya L. Nadiryan, Irina N. Kotenkova

In this article, the authors consider the main provisions of the MaaS concept – mobility as a service. This is a type of service that, through a shared digital channel, allows users to plan, book and pay for various types of mobility services. Purpose – the conditions for the introduction and implementation of the MaaS concept in modern cities are analyzed. Methodology: the article used statistical analysis, synthesis. Results: the factors that increase the effectiveness of the proposed concept and the possibility of its implementation in specific conditions are identified. Practical implications: research activity on the development of new approaches in the field of organization of transportation and transport services.

Ting WEN, Lei CHEN, Pengxiao ZENG et al.

[Introduction] New energy storage is one of the important means to improve the system's adjustment ability, and it is an important part of building a new power system. It is necessary to clarify the market positioning of new energy storage, and to study and improve the cost allocation and price mechanism of new energy storage, which will help guide its health, orderly and efficient development. [Method] The relevant policies and operation of new energy storage at home and abroad were sorted out, the function and role of new energy storage in the power system was analyzed. Combined with the actual situation of Guangdong power system, the scale demand of new energy storage construction before 2030 was studied. Based on the current price mechanism in Guangdong, the energy storage economy of power generation, power grid (independent), user-side was estimated, the current situation and existing problems of Guangdong's new energy storage policies were analyzed. Guangdong's new energy storage supporting policies and mechanism suggestions were comprehensively put forward. [Result] From the perspective of peak shaving and frequency regulation, there is no urgent need for new energy storage in Guangdong before 2030, there is no clear cost recovery mechanism for new energy distribution and energy storage, and photovoltaics and onshore wind power have a small amount of cost digestion space for strong distribution of energy storage, offshore wind power does not have the cost digestion space for strong distribution of energy storage. The business model of grid-side (independent) energy storage is not yet clear, and benefits can be obtained through ancillary services and spot electricity price difference, but the operating rules need to be further clarified, and it is not yet economical. The user-side energy storage business model is relatively clear. According to the current peak-valley electricity price policy, it has certain economic benefits, but the investment recovery period is long and it faces the risk of policy changes. [Conclusion] The new energy storage is divided into two types: market-oriented and non-market-oriented. The former is invested by various market entities other than the power grid. Under reasonable prices and operating mechanisms, profits are obtained through market-oriented channels, and a reasonable new energy storage system is formed by market regulation. energy scale and layout; the latter is invested by the grid company, and the cost is recovered through the transmission and distribution price.

Selorm Kobla Kugbega, Prince Young Aboagye

Abstract Owing to climate change, population growth and tenurial changes, the past decade has witnessed high interest among migrant and settler pastoralist groups in the vegetal-rich customary lands of the Agogo Traditional Area. This has resulted in lease grants of large land areas to pastoralists by traditional authorities and usufruct families, for reasons of ensuring optimum use and gaining the highest returns from lands. This paper examines the implications of consequent competing interests over land resources between farmers and herders on indigenous farmer’s agricultural investment decisions. The study uses qualitative methods and empirical evidence is given by primary data from semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions in the case study area. Results indicated that land owners exploit lapses in customary land administration systems to allocate lands in exchange for money, to pastoralists while neglecting indigenous farmers’ land use rights. Thus, indigenous farmers report land tenure insecurity and a sense of deprivation from their customary lands. Despite tenure insecurity concerns, farmer’s agricultural investment decisions remain unchanged because such changes in investment decisions may reduce incomes and compromise their livelihoods. The findings herein contradict theoretical expectations and provide new perspectives for understanding the relationship between tenure (in)security and investment decisions.

Alireza Shirneshan, Bahram Hosseinzadeh Samani

In this study, the effects of JP-4-biodiesel-diesel blends and engine operating parameters on the performance characteristics of a diesel engine were investigated. The experimental tests were performed on a four-cylinder DI diesel engine. The Mixture-RSM method was applied to develop the mathematical models based on the experimental data. The results showed that the fitted models could be properly applied to predict the performance characteristics of the engine. According to the results, the brake power and torque decreased with increasing the biodiesel amount in the fuel mixture due to the lower energy content and higher viscosity of biodiesel than diesel fuel No.2. However, the brake power and torque increased slightly with increasing JP-4 in the fuel blend. The results also indicated that the BSFC increased with the higher proportion of biodiesel in the mixture at all engine speeds. The results indicated that there was no considerable difference in BSFC values while JP-4 was added to the fuel mixture, especially at higher engine speeds. Moreover, the difference of brake power values for fuel blends included biodiesel and neat diesel decreases at higher engine speeds due to the positive role of oxygen content in the molecular structure of biodiesel. Based on the results, brake power and torque increased at the higher engine load as a result of higher temperatures and better combustion conditions. Moreover, JP-4 caused an improvement in brake thermal efficiency compared to biodiesel, especially at lower and medium engine speeds. Generally, it is indicated that the application of JP-4 can improve engine performance.

Jiaren Wang, Ning Xie, Wenxian Wu et al.

We propose a restoration strategy using microgrids for restoring power supply to critical loads after an extreme event and thereby enhancing the resilience of the distribution power grid. The limited capacities of distributed generators (DGs) within the microgrids and those of intermittent energy sources such as wind and photovoltaic power are considered. An enhanced strategy model of the distribution network is established for maximizing the power supply to critical loads. Firstly, the importance of the load is quantified by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the model of the microgrid output is further improved. In the demand response mechanism, an interruptible load is used to suppress the fluctuation in the distributed power output. Secondly, piecewise linearization method is applied to address the power flow constraints. Then, the resilience enhancement model of the distribution network is transformed into a mixed integer quadratic programming problem. The CPLEX solver is adopted to solve the above problem on the MATLAB platform. Finally, the proposed method is verified by applying it to practical scenarios. Keywords: Resilience, Distribution power grid, Microgrid, Load restoration, Piecewise linear approximation

Robelet Antoine, Guimier-Pingault Catherine, Lambert Christophe

Sterilization is a pharmaceutical discipline constantly evolving and requiring highly qualified staff. In response to the need highlighted by French sterilization heads, the French Society for Sterilization Science (SF2S) has developed a serious game called “SteriDefiTM”. To design the game, a literature review was carried out in order to determine the essential points to be included in its specifications. The second step was to launch the IT (Information Technology) development. In parallel, a database was drafted by a panel of 8 experts in the field of sterilization. At last, the version initially produced was tested over a two-month period. The accessibility, its settings and gameplay were evaluated and improved. Data have been collected to determine the number of user establishments and games played since it was on line. In addition, a multi-centre study is planned to measure the evolution of knowledge and the satisfaction of players with the game.

mahsa aghhavani shajari, Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam, Reza Ghorbani et al.

Rio Palasta, Maria Viva Rini

Farmer dependence on inorganic fertilizers drives the inclination of the fertilizer price which in turn influence the production cost. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative way to reduce the consumption of inorganic fertilizers. This study aims to determine the most suitable arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) for oil palm seedlings, determining the best dosage of phosphate fertilizer for the growth of oil palm seedlings, and determine whether the growth response of oil palm seedlings to AMF inoculation is influenced by the dosage of P fertilizer given. Research had been conducted in the greenhouse and Plantation Production Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung from June 2012 until August 2013. The treatment design used was a factorial design and the experimental design used was a completely randomized block design. The first factor was AMF treatment i.e. control, Entrophospora sp. mv 3 isolate, Glomus sp. mv 9 isolate, Glomus sp. mv 10 isolate, and Glomus sp. mv 15 isolate. The second factor was the dosage of P fertilizer i.e. 23,32 g, 15,66 g, and 11,66 g per plant. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. The results showed that Glomus sp. mv 15 isolate was the most suitable type of AMF for oil palm seedlings. All dosages of P fertilizer tested showed no growth effect on oil palm seedlings and the growth response of oil palm seedlings to inoculation of AMF was not affected by dosage of P fertilizer.   Keywords: Entrophospora, Glomus, mycorrhiza, oil palm, phosphate

Andrey Borisovich Nikolaev, Yuliya Sergeevna Sapego

Proposed a structure of traffic accidents control system included three main parts: pre-processing, decision support and monitoring. For decision support systems we propose a method that allows to make decisions on the basis of fuzzy situational management. The advantage of the method: it allows to formalize a set of typical traffic situations, using the theory of fuzzy sets and to carry out selection of the desired management action.

Alireza Ghafari, Atefeh Taklif

The lack of observing maximum efficient recovery in the process of production from South Pars-North Dome super-giant field has resulted in serious damage to its rate of recovery. Despite the existence of conventional strategies for exploiting joint fields in international treaties, Iran and Qatar has not attempted to utilize these treaties in order to arrive at an efficient production trajectory. To achieve a feasible strategy, the use of rational decision-making model is recommended in this paper. This will allow both countries to formulate joint decisions in reservoir management towards achieving maximum efficient recovery from this field should the conditions and assumption of the model are satisfied. In order to achieve this objective it is necessary that both countries initiate fundamental improvements in their oil and gas legal systems. Hence a number of necessary improvements are introduced upon the identification of some weaknesses in oil and gas law in both countries.

Luz Marina Carvajal de Pabón

T. V. BRAGA, T. T. OLIVEIRA, J. T. PINTO et al.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"> <i>Cissus verticillata</i> (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis subsp. <i>verticillata</i> (Vitaceae) é conhecida popularmente como insulina vegetal, cortina japonesa, uva-brava, anil trepador e cipó-pucá e utilizada na medicina popular na forma de chá das folhas no tratamento da diabetes, como antiinflamatório, antiepilético, antihipertensivo, antitérmico, antireumático, antigripal e contra infecções respiratórias. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os teores de massa fresca, massa seca, percentual de água e percentual de cinzas totais, visando melhoria das condições de secagem, armazenamento, dispensação e uso pela população. As folhas da espécie foram coletadas no bairro Antônio Dias, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram selecionadas, lavadas e secas em estufa com ventilação forçada à 45ºC e determinou-se as cinzas totais e perda por dessecação (através do método gravimétrico), ambos de acordo com a Farmacopéia Brasileira. Os resultados mostraram que as folhas de <i>C. verticillata</i> subsp. <i>verticillata</i> possuem alto teor de água. O processo de secagem em estufa de ventilação forçada, a temperatura de 45ºC, foi eficaz, proporcionando folhas com 11,47% de umidade e 17,99% de cinzas totais. Palavras-chave: <i>Cissus verticillata</i>; insulina vegetal; qualidade; gravimetria. </p>

Misael CORTÉS R., Andrea GARCÍA S., Héctor SUÁREZ M.

La ingeniería de matrices es una metodología de obtención de alimentos funcionales que utiliza la técnica de impregnación al vacío para incorporar componentes con actividad fisiológica en la estructura de los alimentos porosos. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar un producto mínimamente procesado con características funcionales a partir de la fortificación del hongo Pleurotus ostreatus, con calcio, selenio y vitamina C. Los resultados de la fortificación presentaron niveles de Ca y Se de 7.3 y 42.3% de la ingesta diaria recomendada IDR/100 g de hongos frescos, respectivamente. La Vitamina C al inicio del almacenamiento (4°C, 83% humedad relativa), presentó un 40% IDR/100 g de hongos frescos, y durante el almacenamiento la cinética de degradación se ajustó a una ecuación de orden cero. Los productos fortificados registraron pardeamiento (menor luminosidad (L*), más rojizas (>a*)), con mayor intensidad en la cara lisa (CL) que en la corrugada (CC) del hongo. La textura del producto fortificado no se vió influenciada por la disolución de impregnación, pero con el tiempo las muestras presentaron endurecimiento.<br>Matrix engeneering is a methodology to obtain functional foods that applies the vacuum impregnation technique in order to incorporate physiologically active components into the food porous structure. The objective of this study was to develop a minimally processed product with functional characteristics by means of fortification of the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus with calcium, selenium and vitamin C. Fortification levels for Ca and Se of 7,3 and 42,3% of the Daily Recommended Intake (DRI)/100 g of fresh mushroom, respectively, were obtained. At the beginning of the storage (4º C, 83% relative moisture), the vitamin C contents was 40% of the DRI/100g of fresh mushroom, and during storage, zero-order degradation kinetics was adjusted. The soft face of fortified mushrooms showed more browning than the rugged one (lesser luminosity values - L*), and more red (a* bigger value). Texture of the fortified product was not influenced by the impregnation dissolution but, with time, samples became harder.

Dan Cascaval, Anca-Irina Galaction, Elena Folescu

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