Hasil untuk "Regional economics. Space in economics"

Ernest V. Adamov

Introduction. Sustainable development is a complex management process with many interrelated elements, the main purpose of which is to improve the standard of living and safety of the population [1, p. 342]. Achieving sustainable development in agriculture cannot be achieved without preserving environmental safety. The Central Chernozem economic region has traditionally been one of the main producers of agricultural products for the whole of Russia due to its unique land resources, which is why their conservation is one of the main tasks of Russia's economic security, which is the relevance of this article. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the assessment of the economic and ecological development of land use in the agrarian Central Chernozem region. Materials and methods. When carrying out this study, data from state statistics (Rosstat, EMISS and statistical collections) and data from the works of domestic authors were used. Such methods as system analysis, retrospective analysis, and statistical method were used in the work. The economic sustainability of land use was assessed using the coefficient method. The assessment of the level of environmental sustainability of the regions of the Central Chernozem Economic Region was carried out using the coefficient of environmental stability. Results and conclusions. In this paper, an analysis of the economic indicators of land use in the Central Chernozem region was carried out, which showed a significant level of development of the agricultural sector in the Central Chernozem region, an average share of agricultural land in agricultural lands and a high level of plowed areas of the regions. The environmental threats directly affecting the sustainable development of the land-use economy are analyzed. In particular, the issues of irrational use of acreage, soil degradation, the need to increase protective forest belts, and insufficient land reclamation are being considered. The indicators reflecting the ecological characteristics of the regions are calculated. Discussion. The work resulted in the identification of an unstable environmental situation in all regions of the Central Chernozem Economic Region, as well as proposals for improving agricultural land use in the regions. In particular, an increase in the area of anti-erosion and protective forest belts, major repairs of land reclamation infrastructure to protect soils from further degradation. In addition, an important point for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector is the creation of modern infrastructure for rural residents in order to preserve the workforce. It is proposed that the funds received from the collection of land taxes and payments for the use of natural resources be fully allocated to finance environmental protection measures.

Johan Sebastian Torres Güiza

Sin resumen.

Paskal N. Zhelev, Aiman A. Kussainova

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been crucial in transitioning Central and Eastern European countries from planned to market economies, facilitating technological modernisation, job creation, export performance, and regional competitiveness. However, FDI alone cannot solve economic development challenges; effective policies are essential for leveraging FDI as a catalyst for economic catch-up. This paper aims to derive economic policy lessons for emerging economies through a critical assessment of the Bulgarian experience in attracting FDI. It employs a methodological approach that combines quantitative analysis of key FDI indicators with qualitative evaluation of the policy landscape.  Since the end of the 1990s, Bulgaria has secured macroeconomic and political stability as an important precondition for FDI, applying an open-door policy for foreign investors without strategic targeting. The country's accession to the European Union in 2007 further enhanced its investment appeal. Nevertheless, the passive policy of reliance on a low tax regime and low labour costs without a strategic focus has led to unbalanced regional and unfavourable sectoral distribution with foreign investors crowding into the metropolitan area and sectors like non-tradable services and low-end manufacturing. Thereby, the Bulgarian experience, where the quantity of incoming FDI overshadowed the quality, demonstrates the insufficiency of a laissez-faire FDI strategy for maximising the benefits of FDI. The study underscores the necessity for proactive state policies in emerging economies that not only attract FDI but also ensure it fosters technological transfer and stimulates the economic potential of underdeveloped regions.

Mark Colas, Emmett Reynier

Oguzhan Ozcelebi, Mehmet Tevfik Izgi

Purpose

Hadi Ibrahim, Ibn Kailan Abdul-Hamid, Muhammed Abdulai

This study examines first-year students’ (who mostly are opening/operating bank accounts for the first time on their own) bank selection and loyalty decisions. An extensive literature review was done to develop study instruments. An exploratory analysis of 320 usable questionnaires was done. The study found in order of importance that: bank service/convenience, service quality/bank image, staff attitude/recommendations, core service/communication and customer service were factors influencing their bank selection decisions in Ghana. Also, friendly operations/regulations, relationship management, service quality/ financial benefits, client satisfaction and bank image were identified in order of importance to be responsible for their loyalty to banks in Ghana. This study reiterates to bank management that factors including quality of service, bank image, recommendation (word of mouth), employee competence, bank knowledge, customer satisfaction, price of transactions, relationship marketing and bank regulation should be at the core of their strategy development and implementation. The study is original with insightful updates and new perspectives on young adults’ bank selection and loyalty dimensions. This study is the first attempt to systematically combine bank selection and loyalty factors in a single comprehensive survey in Ghana. (JEL G21)

Malik Cahyadin

This paper examines the effect of the globalization threshold on financial inclusion in 40 selected countries during 2000-2018. A principal component analysis (PCA) and a static panel threshold (SPT) are utilized. There are three dimensions and one aggregation of financial inclusion indicators assessed by PCA, while the globalization threshold is estimated under static panel threshold regression. Findings/Originality: The findings exhibit six countries with strong financial inclusion and eight countries with weak financial inclusion during study periods. Furthermore, the threshold effect of globalization has a significant impact on the financial inclusion index. The robustness checking employs panel cointegration test exhibits that inequality and some institutions indicators have a significant impact on financial inclusion both in the short-run and long-run. The policy implication suggests that governments should increase the financial inclusion index level during the globalization period, decrease inequality, and improve institutions' quality.

Revrisond Baswir

Keadilan menempati kedudukan yang sangat tinggi dalam Islam. Ia tidak hanya merupakan salah satu dari sifat Allah, bukan sekedar dasar dari masyarakat Islam sejati, dan bukan pula sekedar unsur yang terdapat dalam beratus-ratus hukum Islam.

Rudy Badrudin

The economic development process of Indonesia, in fact, has caused many distortions so that endanger the integration of nation. These distortions happened because of too centered development strategy causing distortion between central and region, and between region and region as well.

Ace Partadireja

Twenty kilometers southest of Singapore or about 25 minutes by ferry, there is an Indonesian Island, Batam. This 415 sq km island, with reddish yellow podzolic soil, is agriculturally good for nothing but tropical schrubs, snakes and monkeys, and some would add, is financcially a loss to the Indonesian government.

Jacinta Chan Phooi M’ng, Azmin Azliza Aziz

In this paper, we test the profitability of technical trading rules which are enhanced by the use of neural networks on the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI), a proxy of the Malaysian stock market traded in Bursa Malaysia. The profitable returns on KLCI from 2/1/2008 to 31/12/2014 offer a piece of evidence on the ability of technical trading rules using neural networks to outperform the buy-and-hold threshold benchmark. The test results here suggest that it is worthwhile to investigate, design and develop more robust machine learning algorithms, like neural networks enhanced technical indicators that enhance portfolio returns. The conclusion that can be drawn from this research work is that neural network may be used as tools in technical analysis for future price prediction. The findings from this work will interest all market participants, research analysis and fund managers who want to enhance their portfolio returns globally.

Ricardo Solís Rosales

Este artículo ofrece un recuento de los principales efectos ocasionados por la guerra civil de México (1913-1916) en la moneda y la actividad bancaria, especialmente en 1913, cuando comenzaron los problemas económicos derivados del golpe de Estado que llevó a Victoriano Huerta al poder. Entre esos problemas destacan el desequilibrio de la balanza de pagos que se convirtió en crisis bancaria, que culminó con el establecimiento del curso forzoso y de una moratoria general de pagos para los bancos. La guerra civil y el deterioro de la economía continuaron de manera progresiva en los años siguientes y al final de los años veinte se saldó con la quiebra de la mayoría de los bancos que conformaban al sistema bancario porfirista.

Luis Iván Inostroza Córdova

Estudio de la formación del espacio de colonización agrícola capitalista en la frontera del río Biobío-Malleco de la Araucanía, y su articulación al enclave molinero industrial de la ciudad de Concepción mediante el transporte naviero fluvial, para dar salida a la producción triguera generada por hacendados, campesinos y mapuches, en el periodo 1820-1850.

Marthen Anthon Pentury

In fiscal decentralization, local governments should be able to provide public service facilities for all communities. This study aims to determine the existence of flypaper effect in the total capital public expenditure and capital expenditure on education, health and infrastructure in districts in West Papua, 2003-2006. Tools of analysis used is panel data regression. The General Allocation Fund (DAU), the Special Allocation Fund (DAK) and the Special Autonomy Fund (DOK) partially and simultaneously have positive impact on total capital spending and capital expenditure in education, health, and infrastructure. It is also indicated the anomaly of flypaper effect in DAU, DAK, and DOK. Keywords: Flypaper effect, anomaly, fiscal decentralization, capital expendituresJEL classification numbers: H50, H75

Alicja Graczyk

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest identyfikacja nadrzędnych i strategicznych celów zrównoważonego rozwoju energetycznego w gminie Prusice oraz analiza i propozycja zastosowania narzędzi wspomagających ten rozwój w badanej gminie. We wstępie zdefiniowano pojęcie zrównoważonego rozwoju energetycznego. Część pierwsza i druga obejmuje charakterystykę obszaru badawczego, czyli gminy Prusice. W części trzeciej zaprezentowano cele i zasady zrównoważonego rozwoju energetycznego. Czwarta część stanowi propozycję i analizę zastosowania narzędzi wspomagających zrównoważoną gospodarkę energetyczną w gminie.

Muriel Laurent

Este artículo estudia el contrabando en Nueva Granada durante la primera década postindependentista. En un contexto en el que la reglamentación aduanera y comercial continuaba siendo proteccionista y fiscalista, a pesar de la pertinencia cada vez más aceptada de los argumentos a favor del libre cambio, se examina el comportamiento del comercio ilícito. El objetivo consiste en determinar cuál fue la relación entre esta reglamentación y el contrabando y en evaluar si la tendencia que considera que a mayor prohibición o mayor gravamen mayor contrabando se verifica en Nueva Granada entre 1821 y 1830; asimismo, en caso de verificarse, establecer si el contrabando recayó más en los productos prohibidos o en los más gravados.<br>This article studies contraband in New Granada during the first decade after Independence. Given that the regulation of customs and trade remained protectionist and fiscally oriented, despite the growing acceptance of arguments in favor of free trade, it examines what happened to this illicit trade. The article tries to determine the relationship between these regulations and contraband. It also evaluates whether the frequently-held assumption that increasing prohibition or taxes on trade leads to a rise in contraband holds true for Colombia. If it does hold true, the article also attempts to establish whether or not there was greater contraband in prohibited or highly-taxes products.

Marcus Berliant, Fan-chin Kung

Moh. Nasir Saukani, Abd. Ghafar Ismail, Rizaudin Sahlan

The aim of this paper is to investigate the determinants in per capita growth rate in Malaysia. The determinants draw on the recent endogenous growth theories and apply the Solow methodology to time series data from Malaysia, In our model, we develop a three different mode IS, i.e. Solow model, Mankiw Romer  Weil model and modifies Solow model. Our results indicate that, the growth rate of investment/GDP ratio, the growth rate of export trade over GDP ratio and the ratio of quasi liabilities of the financial system to GDP lead to improved growth performance. JEL classification: E23 Keywords: endogenous growth model, international trade, government budget, and financial intermediation

Carlos Marichal

Suharto Suharto

This study explores the trend of regional disparity, specialisation, and concentration of manufacturing industry employment in Indonesia by province and sub-sector. The focus of this study is large and Medium (L-M) firm of manufacture industry.This study used industrial survey data from BPS 1993-1996. The main data are the sum of labor at large and medium manufacture industry. The tools of analysis consist of theil entropy index, Regional Specialisation index, regional gini coefficient, and locational gini coefficient. Based on analysis result showed that regional inequality in Indonesia manufacture employment relatively high, compare with international inequality. The other finding that disparity by province and the main island tend stable. Generally, the distribution of regional manufacture industry employment is not different (matches) with the overall ditribution (national). With exception at wood (ISIC 33) and Textile (ISIC 32) sub-sector, manufacture industry employment relatively distrubuted. Keywords: Disparity, Theil Index, Specialisation, Regional Gini Coefficient, and Locational Gini Coefficient.