Hasil untuk "Property"

A. Balandin

Recent years have seen a rapid growth of interest by the scientific and engineering communities in the thermal properties of materials. Heat removal has become a crucial issue for continuing progress in the electronic industry, and thermal conduction in low-dimensional structures has revealed truly intriguing features. Carbon allotropes and their derivatives occupy a unique place in terms of their ability to conduct heat. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of carbon materials span an extraordinary large range--of over five orders of magnitude--from the lowest in amorphous carbons to the highest in graphene and carbon nanotubes. Here, I review the thermal properties of carbon materials focusing on recent results for graphene, carbon nanotubes and nanostructured carbon materials with different degrees of disorder. Special attention is given to the unusual size dependence of heat conduction in two-dimensional crystals and, specifically, in graphene. I also describe the prospects of applications of graphene and carbon materials for thermal management of electronics.

Yanwu Zhu, S. Murali, Weiwei Cai et al.

M. Rafiee, J. Rafiee, Zhou Wang et al.

S. Baroni, Stefano de Gironcoli, A. D. Corso et al.

This article reviews the current status of lattice-dynamical calculations in crystals, using density-functional perturbation theory, with emphasis on the plane-wave pseudopotential method. Several specialized topics are treated, including the implementation for metals, the calculation of the response to macroscopic electric fields and their relevance to long-wavelength vibrations in polar materials, the response to strain deformations, and higher-order responses. The success of this methodology is demonstrated with a number of applications existing in the literature.

J. Yeh, S. Chen, Su-Jien Lin et al.

J. Tomasi, B. Mennucci, R. Cammi

R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus, M. Dresselhaus

M. Hess, P. Koepke, I. Schult

A. Antonovsky

C. Cambardella, T. Moorman, T. Parkin et al.

Author Wu, F. BYC., WU Jeff

Y. Fung, R. Skalak

P. Baldrian

T. Ebbesen

G. Devilly, T. Borkovec

M. Bartlett

T. Ferguson

A. N. Strahler

H. Monyer, N. Burnashev, D. Laurie et al.

W. Helfrich

Abstract A theory of the elasticity of lipid bilayers is proposed. Three types of strain, i. e. stretching, tilt and curvature, are distinguished and the associated stresses are identified. It is argued that in the case of vesicles (= closed bilayer films) the only elasticity controlling nonspherical shapes is that of curvature. Euler-Lagrange equations are derived for the shape in magnetic fields and under excess outside pressure. It is shown that magnetic fields can deform spherical vesicles into ellipsoids of revolution. Under excess outside pressure the spherical shape becomes unstable at a certain threshold pressure. Both effects can be influenced by a spontaneous curvature of the bilayer. Some possible experiments to determine the elastic properties are also discussed