The inaugural issue of Studies on Religion and Philosophy marks the beginning of an academic endeavor to explore the profound and multifaceted relationship between religion and philosophy. This journal is conceived as a platform for interdisciplinary inquiry, fostering critical dialogue that bridges the two disciplines to explore humanity's most fundamental questions about existence, morality, suffering, and transcendence. Religion and philosophy, though often pursued independently, share a common historical foundation in human intellectual history. Their intersection offers valuable insights into the deeper dimensions of human life, belief, and meaning. This journal aims to create a space for innovative and thought-provoking scholarship that not only deepens our understanding of these disciplines but also encourages new conversations that advance both fields. By engaging with both religious wisdom and philosophical thought, Studies on Religion and Philosophy seeks to foster a deeper appreciation of the spiritual and intellectual dimensions that shape human existence.
This study aims to reveal the interaction of local Javanese culture with an Islamic philosophical approach originating from the Cowongan tradition performed by shamans accompanied by dances with holy ladies and reciting mantras. This tradition is a prayer asking the gods to send down rain. This article emphasised that the Cowongan tradition places mystical power as the dominant element in life, which is embodied in symbols. The study of mysticism is closer to the study of Sufism which presents it as Islamic mysticism with the color of syncretism of religious teachings with local cultural practices embodied by mystical-occult practices as the Penginyongan culture.
Contribution: This research contributed to the fact that traditions that are good and acceptable to society can become the law as part of the Urf, which need to be maintained as long as they do not conflict with Sharia.
Chris Keyworth, Adnan Alzahrani, Adnan Alzahrani
et al.
BackgroundInternational efforts have been made to develop appropriate interventions to support the mental health needs of healthcare professionals in response to COVID-19. However, fewer staff have accessed these than expected, despite experiencing elevated levels of mental distress since the onset of the pandemic. Consequently, we aimed to examine the barriers and enablers for healthcare professionals in accessing interventions offered by a Staff Mental Health and Wellbeing Hub.MethodsTwenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare, social care and voluntary, community and social enterprise (VCSE) sector staff. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour key themes were identified: (1) Environment and Atmosphere in the Workplace; (2) The Impacts of COVID-19; (3) Confidentiality; and (4) Awareness and Communication of Resources. Organisational environments were perceived as an important enabler of accessing the hub services for mental health and wellbeing support. This included the importance of recognising and responding to the ongoing pressures of COVID-19- specific challenges. Ensuring and communicating aspects of confidentiality, and ensuring clear and consistent communication of the benefits of the Hub may encourage help-seeking for mental health challenges among healthcare professionals.DiscussionOur findings highlight important considerations to increase uptake and engagement with services to support the mental health and wellbeing of healthcare professionals and associated staff and volunteers. Organisations aiming to increase employee uptake of these services should regularly circulate consistent and clear emails about what these services offer, provide training and information for managers so they can support staff to access these services and ensure access is confidential.
This paper offers a systematic treatment of the social and cultural context of the blush. The paper looks into how different emotion theories approach blushing and does so by differentiating between basic emotion theories, which consider contextual factors but do not make them central to understanding emotional expressions, and contextual emotion theories, which make contextual factors central to understanding emotional expressions. The paper argues that blushing might be best explained by theories that make context central to understanding emotional expression.
Hamza Zarglayoun, Hamza Zarglayoun, Juliette Laurendeau-Martin
et al.
BackgroundSocial cognition and competence are a key part of daily interactions and essential for satisfying relationships and well-being. Pediatric neurological and psychological conditions can affect social cognition and require assessment and remediation of social skills. To adequately approximate the complex and dynamic nature of real-world social interactions, innovative tools are needed. The aim of this study was to document the performance of adolescents on two versions of a serious video game presenting realistic, everyday, socio-moral conflicts, and to explore whether their performance is associated with empathy or sense of presence, factors known to influence social cognition.MethodsParticipants (12–17 years, M = 14.39; SD = 1.35) first completed a pre-test measure of socio-moral reasoning based on three dilemmas from a previously validated computer task. Then, they either played an evaluative version (n = 24) or an adaptive (n = 33) version of a video game presenting nine social situations in which they made socio-moral decisions and provided justifications. In the evaluative version, participants’ audio justifications were recorded verbatim and coded manually to obtain a socio-moral reasoning maturity score. In the adaptive version (AV), tailored feedback and social reinforcements were provided based on participant responses. An automatic coding algorithm developed using artificial intelligence was used to determine socio-moral maturity level in real-time and to provide a basis for the feedback and reinforcements in the game. All participants then completed a three-dilemma post-test assessment.ResultsThose who played the adaptive version showed improved SMR across the pre-test, in-game and post-test moral maturity scores, F(1.97,63.00) = 9.81, pHF < 0.001, ϵ2 = 0.21, but those who played the Evaluative version did not. Socio-moral reasoning scores from both versions combined did not correlate with empathy or sense of presence during the game, though results neared significance. The study findings support preliminary validation of the game as a promising method for assessing and remediating social skills during adolescence.
Inga Simm, Ursula Winklhofer, Thorsten Naab
et al.
With the COVID-19 pandemic, children and adolescents confronted a completely new learning situation. Instead of learning in class, they had to cope with home learning to achieve academically. This mixed-method study examines how children and adolescents in Germany perceive their coping success with home learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and how personal, school, family, and peer context factors relate to this self-perceived coping success. Quantitative data from an online survey of n=141 children (mage=10,8y) and n=266 adolescents (mage=15,2y; study 1) were used to analyze the questions with multiple regression analysis. With the qualitative data from 10 interviews with parents and their children (study 2), we examined the process of how school, family, and peer groups interact with students’ way of coping with home learning. Quantitative data show that most children and adolescents perceived their coping with home learning as successful and that school joy before COVID-19, parental support, and available equipment during home learning are still relevant for children, and family climate, calm place to learn, and equipment during home learning are important for adolescents learning at home. Qualitative data show that students apply individual ways of coping with home learning, where family and peers have a vital role, especially when contact with teachers is limited. Quantitative data confirm the importance of family context for students’ self-perceived coping success.
Children do not know how to solve problems with their friends in a constructive manner. They may resort to violence or act passively to avoid conflict. Therefore, violence in communication between children is quite common. Conflict resolution programs are widely used in schools around the world to prevent violence. This study examines the effectiveness of the “We Can Resolve Our Conflicts” conflict resolution training program in a sample of Western Thrace Minority elementary school students. It aims to enhance student conflict resolution skills by teaching constructive ways, to increase emotional regulation, social behavior skills, and reduce conduct problems. We used a pre-test post-test control group design. Our training group consisted of 103 students and our control group consisted of 74 students. Conflict resolution skills were assessed by conflict scenarios. Emotion regulation skills were measured using Emotion Regulation Checklist. Pro-social behavior skills and conduct problems assessed using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We Can Resolve Our Conflicts” program is a school-based prevention program consisting of 21 sessions with materials like caricatures, posters, and cartoons. We trained students to recognize emotions, empathy, control anger, and resolve conflicts constructively. Different techniques were employed, such as classroom discussions, role-playing, and penciland-paper activities to ensure active student participation. Control group students did not receive this training. We tested the “We Can Resolve Our Conflicts” program in a different location with similar cultural characteristics, and its effectiveness was approved. Findings showed that the training program raised students’ constructive conflict resolution skills, emotion regulation skills, and pro-social behavior skills. It reduced the level of conduct problems. The control group exhibited no changes in their conflict resolution and pro-social behavior skill scores from the pre to post-test. However, their emotion regulation and conduct problems scores changed negatively. In general, the findings of this study revealed that conflict resolution education is effective in resolving conflicts in elementary school students.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the professional and non-professional assistance and support provided to foreigners before and after emigrating to Poland.
Material and methods
The qualitative analysis was conducted on a group of 21 immigrants who had resided in Poland for at least 5 years. 8 women and 13 men took part in the study, representing a total of 14 nationalities. The research method chosen for the study was the biographical method, while the technique employed was the biographical narrative interview.
Results
The interviewed immigrants assigned the most value to informal support received from persons with migration experiences.
Conclusions
Over time, the role of the social capital decreases and the role of the human capital increases for a migrant who resides in a foreign country, which means that when faced with difficulties, the migrants try to cope on their own, without the help of others, drawing on previous experience.
RESUMO No “Contrato social”, os capítulos do legislador e da religião civil parecem incompatíveis com a ideia de um corpo político laico que se autoinstitui enquanto tal e que só se submete a leis estabelecidas por seus próprios membros. Trata-se de examinar neste artigo o método de exposição adotado por Rousseau para descrever, à luz da tradição, sua doutrina contratualista e, em particular, esclarecer nessa doutrina a necessidade da relação entre política e religião no problema da origem da sociedade.
Onomapoiesis strategies actualize the distinctive sphere of human practice, which is a direct continuation of autopoiesis and anthropoiesis. They atomize and ontologize the Self by restricting it to definite structure-morphologic clusters of language expressions, such as personal name and pronoun. As a result, we have two completely different tactics: naming tactics and pronoun tactics, or ego-strategies. These practices refer to diverse complexes and can’t be considered within one species, each of them constitutes the autonomous entity. Any self-naming, self-calling, and indication through the name or pronoun, correlates with the innate eager and desire of a person to express himself, the world, and other(s). Thus, the anthropology of naming turns out to be the part of philosophical discourse, implicitly passing through the entire history of thought. Primarily, the philosophy of Stoics belongs to this kind of boundary marks, within the framework of which the distinction between the name and the pronoun was made for the first time. Plus, the discovery of deixis belongs to them. In the context of the modern era of philosophy, the doctrine of Rene Descartes is a kind of counterpoint when the Self, the Ego, first reveals itself to consciousness. Further, there is a fission inside the indicated complexes: I and not-I, My and not-My, I and You, We and They, I and the Other, I and Others manifest themselves inside the pronoun practices of naming. Their contents and meanings become the subject of philosophy and linguistic, as well as interdisciplinary studies. There are two conceptually framed strategies within one complex, which illustrates the praxeological character of the study: the Heideggerian Dasein and the polyphonic Ego presented by Bakhtin M.M. The first one unfolds as a monologue and first-person speech; the latter in turn, as a dialog, which expresses the subject’s being as a complicity in the polyphony of voices of the Other(s).
The article describes the experience of the psychologist in the system of prevention of social orphanhood. To summarize my experience, we used the methods of observation, structured interview of parents, family study of social — and genograms, projective techniques. The obtained data allowed to reveal the peculiarities of helping families who have children at an early stage of distress. are in a difficult life situation, social risk. Examples of family difficulties at different stages of distress and achieved positive changes in the family.
This study aims to analyse the effect of profit-sharing financing, Non-Performing Financing (NPF) and Operating Expense Ratio (OER) both simultaneously and partially on ROA (Return On Assets) of Islamic banks in Indonesia. Sampling technique used in this study is random sampling. Data analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression with SPSS 21 for Windows. The result shows that partially profit-sharing financing and OER have no effect toward ROA of Islamic banks, but NPF has an effect.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan kepemimpinan transformasional pada atasan untuk peningkatan komitmen organisasi karyawan di hotel X Yogyakarta. Subjek penelitian adalah 34 karyawan Hotel X Yogyakarta yang merupakan subordinat atau bawahan sedangkan yang diberikan intervensi berupa pelatihan kepemimpinan transformasional adalah para Head of Departement (HOD) yang berjumlah 8 orang. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah skala komitmen organisasi yang mengacu pada organizational commitment questionnaire (OCQ) yang dikembangkan oleh Allen & Meyer (1990), yang terdiri dari tiga komponen yaitu: komponen afektif, komponen kontinuans dan komponen normatif. Desain eksperimen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah one group pretest-posttest design dengan analisis data uji statistik parametrik, yaitu Paired Sample T-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa t = 7,325, (p<0,001) sehingga hipotesis penelitian diterima. Artinya, ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara komitmen organisasi karyawan sebelum diberikan pelatihan kepemimpinan transformasional pada atasan dan setelah diberikan pelatihan kepemimpinan transformasional pada atasan.
This paper considers the issues, which are concerned with a new concept of antifragility. Quite recently, considerable attention has been paid to the concept of antifragility. Antifragility gains a special importance in studying psychological characteristics which enable to cope with stress, overcome life difficulties, and be tolerant of uncertainty (T. N. Kornilova, 2015; D. A. Leontiev, 2015). N. Taleb (2014)
defines antifragility as an attribute of living systems, which manifests itself in the use of any stressors for the benefit of development. This study attempts to demonstrate a common factor of antifragility at the psychometric level when “measuring” several psychological characteristics such as hardiness, tolerance of ambiguity, psychological
wellbeing, and coping strategies. The authors (a) offer a brief theoretical overview of the concepts considering human
development as the result of overcoming (crises, difficulties), (b) distinguish the concepts of endurance and antifragility, and (c) consider antifragility as a generalized concept of various psychological phenomena related to “improving through challenges”.
A small mixed-age sample of respondents demonstrated that antifragility was most closely associated with parameters of hardiness, tolerance of ambiguity, and psychological wellbeing. Antifragility was less associated with coping strategies. The respondents who scored high on antifragility (a) realized it at the level of selfappraisal,
(b) had a pronounced risk-taking, sense of control and control over the
environment, (c) emphasized the presence of life goals, (d) calmly perceived uncertain situations, (e) were able to see a positive side of uncertainty, and (f) were generally inclined to a positive reappraisal of difficulties. The factor analysis of the studied parameters clearly revealed a single factor. The basic load was distributed between
the parameters of dispositional antifragility, hardiness, personal growth, and tolerance of ambiguity. The authors draw conclusions about (a) the presence of a common factor of antifragility at the psychometric level and (b) the easiness of differentiation
of the concepts of endurance and antifragility in respondents’ representations.
Both the traditional Aristotelian and modern symbolic approaches to logic have seen logic in terms of discrete symbol processing. Yet there are several kinds of argument whose validity depends on some topological notion of continuous variation, which is not well captured by discrete symbols. Examples include extrapolation and slippery slope arguments, sorites, fuzzy logic, and those involving closeness of possible worlds. It is argued that the natural first attempts to analyze these notions and explain their relation to reasoning fail, so that ignorance of their nature is profound.
The degree of participation of political parties’ regional offices in the election campaigns which have taken place in Kemerovo region in 1990 – 2008 is considered in the article. Three stages of parties’ formation in the region are allocated on the basis of their participation in the elections process. The factors promoting arrangement of political forces as a result of the carried-out election campaigns are analyzed.
History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics, Psychology