Hasil untuk "Oils, fats, and waxes"

Gabriele Amante, Klaudia Mrazikova, Gabriele Centi et al.

Why kinetically stable oil droplets in water spontaneously acquire a negative charge remains one of the most vigorously debated questions in interfacial science. Here, we combine neural-network based deep potential molecular dynamics with a data-driven and information theory approach to probe the real-space electron density at an extended decane-water interface. While decane-water clusters show nearly symmetric forward and backward charge transfer (CT) and thus negligible net CT, the extended interface displays a systematic electronic asymmetry, yielding a net CT from water to the hydrocarbon phase producing an average surface charge density of $\sim0.006~e^{-}\,\mathrm{nm}^{-2}$ on the oil phase. This imbalance is accompanied by much larger intra-phase self-polarization, particularly within the hydrocarbon phase, demonstrating that collective many-body polarization dominates the interfacial electronic response. Structural analysis reveals an asymmetry between forward C--H$\cdots$O and backward O--H$\cdots$C motifs, providing a microscopic origin for a net CT from one phase to the other. Curiously, both the water O--H and decane C--H covalent bonds incur subtle contractions which originate from a response to the charge-separation layers at the interface. These features are fully consistent with the weak improper hydrogen-bonds forming at the oil-water interface that results in blue-shifts of the C-H modes.

Pham Quoc Long, Nguyen Thi Nga, Dang Thi Minh Tuyet et al.

C. rheedei J.F. Gmelin is an underutilized Asian shrub with no prior characterization of its seeds or oil. This study reports, for the first time, the nutritional and functional profile of C. rheedei seeds. The seeds yielded 32.6% oil, dominated by oleic acid (71.4%) with a balanced ω-3/ω-6 ratio (∼1:1). Tocopherols (31.5 mg/100 g) and phytosterols (1388 mg/kg; β-sitosterol, stigmasterol) were abundant, supporting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Twelve free amino acids were identified, with essential amino acids comprising 22.3% of the total; proline and hydroxyproline contribute to collagen stability, while serine and alanine may provide skin-calming effects, extending relevance to cosmeceutical applications. Functionally, the oil showed strong antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 = 13.1 μg/mL; FRAP = 2855.5 μmol Fe2+/L; TEAC EC50 = 22.8 μg/mL) and potent α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 102.4 μg/mL), surpassing acarbose. Preliminary toxicology indicates no acute toxicity, though a full safety evaluation is needed. With their favorable composition and high yield, C. rheedei seeds represent a promising new economic resource for nutraceutical, functional food, and cosmetic industries in Southeast Asia.

王爱琳1，肖柳柳1，陶梦雪2，倪张辰宇1，胡孟凯1， 李翔飞1，刘艳1，薛正莲1 WANG Ailin1，XIAO Liuliu1，TAO Mengxue2，NI Zhangchenyu1， HU Mengkai1，LI Xiangfei1，LIU Yan1，XUE Zhenglian1

为延缓澳洲坚果在储藏过程中因油脂氧化导致的品质劣变，在其加工入味过程中添加蛋白酶，采用负压吸附酶液，对澳洲坚果进行原位酶解。采用Schaal烘箱加速法对澳洲坚果进行加速氧化，以60 ℃下储藏10 d的澳洲坚果过氧化值为指标，对蛋白酶进行了筛选。在此基础上，采用单因素实验和响应面实验优化澳洲坚果原位酶解工艺，考察了酶解处理澳洲坚果的氧化稳定性，并对其货架期进行了预测。结果表明：澳洲坚果的最佳原位酶解工艺条件为酶解温度50~55 ℃、酶解pH 8~10、碱性蛋白酶添加量9.68%（酶液中酶质量与水体积的比值）、酶解时间1.97 h、负压时间0.94 min、负压压力0.07 MPa，在此条件下得到的澳洲坚果加速氧化储藏14 d后过氧化值为(0.016±0.001) g/100 g；Schaal烘箱加速法氧化过程中，酶解处理组澳洲坚果的过氧化值、酸值和茴香胺值始终低于未处理组；20 ℃下酶解处理组澳洲坚果的预测货架期为848 d，比未处理组延长了256 d。综上，原位酶解技术可显著提升澳洲坚果的氧化稳定性并延长其货架期。 To delay the quality deterioration of macadamia nuts caused by oil oxidation during storage, protease solution was added during its flavor processing, the enzyme solution was adsorbed under negative pressure, and the macadamia nuts were enzymatically hydrolyzed in-situ. Accelerated oxidation of macadamia nuts was carried out using the Schaal oven acceleration method, and the protease was screened based on peroxide values of macadamia nuts stored at 60 ℃for 10 d. Subsequently, single-factor experiment and response surface methodology were conducted to optimize the in-situ enzymatic hydrolysis process. The oxidative stability of processed macadamia nuts were investigated, and the shelf life was predicted. The results showed that the optimal in-situ enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were obtained as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 50-55 ℃, enzymatic hydrolysis pH 8-10, alkaline protease dosage 9.68%(ratio of enzyme mass to water volume in enzyme solution), enzymatic hydrolysis time 1.97 h, negative pressure time 0.94 min, and negative pressure 0.07 MPa. Under these conditions, the peroxide value of macadamia nuts was (0.016±0.001) g/100 g after 14 d of accelerated oxidation storage. During the Schaal oven acceleration process, the peroxide value, acid value, and anisidine value of enzymatically treated macadamia nuts consistently remained lower than those in untreated groups. The predicted shelf life of macadamia nuts treated with enzymatic hydrolysis at 20 ℃ was 848 d, which was 256 d longer than the untreated group. In conclusion, in-situ enzymatic hydrolysis technology significantly enhances the oxidative stability and prolongs the shelf life of macadamia nuts.

李梦瑶，石松业，布冠好，陈屹轩，王卓宁，洪童心 LI Mengyao, SHI Songye, BU Guanhao, CHEN Yixuan, WANG Zhuoning, HONG Tongxin

近年来，花生过敏问题日益突出，已成为全球关注的公共卫生和食品安全问题之一。旨在为低敏性花生产品的研发提供理论依据，综述了花生致敏机制、主要过敏原及其抗原表位，并全面探讨了生物法降低花生致敏性的机制及研究进展。花生过敏是由IgE介导的Ⅰ类超敏反应。目前已鉴定出17种花生致敏原蛋白，其中Ara h 1、Ara h 2、Ara h 3和Ara h 6是主要过敏原，它们存在多种抗原表位。生物法脱敏包括酶法和发酵法，其中酶法脱敏包括酶解和酶交联两种方式，通过特异性切断蛋白质氨基酸序列或形成大分子聚合物掩盖过敏原表位来实现脱敏，而发酵法主要利用微生物发酵产生的酶和代谢产物破坏抗原表位或调节人体免疫系统，从而降低对过敏原的敏感性。未来可加强生物酶或发酵产酶特异性靶向酶解抗原表位序列的研究，以降低花生致敏性。 In recent years, peanut allergy has become an increasingly prominent issue and emerged as one of the global public health and food safety concerns. To provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of hypoallergenic peanut products, the mechanisms of peanut allergenicity, the main allergens and its antigenic epitopes were summarized. Furthermore, the mechanisms and research progress on biological methods for reducing peanut allergenicity were comprehensively discussed. Peanut allergy is an IgE-mediated type Ⅰ hypersensitivity reaction. Up to now, 17 peanut allergen proteins have been identified, among which Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3 and Ara h 6 are the major allergens, and they possess multiple antigenic epitopes. Biological desensitization methods include enzymatic treatment and fermentation. Enzymatic desensitization comprises both enzymatic hydrolysis and enzymatic cross-linking, which achieve desensitization by specifically cleaving protein amino acid sequences or forming large molecular polymers to mask allergenic epitopes. In contrast, fermentation primarily utilizes enzymes and metabolites produced during microbial fermentation to destroy antigenic epitopes or regulate the human immune system, thereby reducing the sensitivity to allergens. In the future, research efforts should be strengthened on the specific and targeted enzymatic hydrolysis of antigenic epitope sequences by biological enzymes or fermentation-derived enzymes to reduce peanut allergenicity.

Jose-Manuel Muñoz, Odin Morón-García, J. Ignacio Hidalgo et al.

Body fat percentage is an increasingly popular alternative to Body Mass Index to measure overweight and obesity, offering a more accurate representation of body composition. In this work, we evaluate three evolutionary computation techniques, Grammatical Evolution, Context-Free Grammar Genetic Programming, and Dynamic Structured Grammatical Evolution, to derive an interpretable mathematical expression to estimate the percentage of body fat that are also accurate. Our primary objective is to obtain a model that balances accuracy with explainability, making it useful for clinical and health applications. We compare the performance of the three variants on a public anthropometric dataset and compare the results obtained with the QLattice framework. Experimental results show that grammatical evolution techniques can obtain competitive results in performance and interpretability.

Alexandre Lavrov

Abstract Carter’s equation is routinely used to describe the leak-off rate and the cumulative fluid loss during deposition of solids on porous media from a suspension. According to this equation, the leak-off rate is inversely proportional to the square root of time. This creates an unphysical singularity at time equal to zero. To remove this singularity, a modification is made to Carter’s law in this contribution. Another modification to Carter’s law made herein accounts for dynamic loss conditions where cross-flow filtration leads to only partial deposition. The modified leak-off law provides a satisfactory fit to the experimental data as long as cross flow is not turbulent. The modified leak-off law is calibrated against experimental data of an earlier study, in both static and dynamic fluid loss tests. A static fluid loss test is used to calibrate the model for the filter cake porosity and permeability as well as spurt loss. Dynamic fluid loss tests are then used to calibrate the model for the particle adhesion probability for each shear rate value.

Pengchao Zhang, Xuefei Xu

The preference of water self-ions (hydronium and hydroxide) towards air/oil-water interfaces is one of the hottest topics in water research due to its importance for understanding properties, phenomena, and reactions of interfaces. In this work, we performed enhanced-sampling molecular dynamics simulations based on state-of-the-art neural network potentials with approximate M06-2X accuracy to investigate the propensity of hydronium and hydroxide ions at air/oil(decane)-water interfaces, which can simultaneously describe well the water autoionization process forming these ions, recombination of ions, and ionic distribution along the normal distance to the interface by employing a set of appropriate Voronoi collective variables. A stable ionic double-layer distribution is observed near the air-water interface, while the distribution is different at oil-water interfaces, where hydronium tends to be repelled from the interface into the bulk water, whereas hydroxide, with an interfacial stabilization free energy of -0.6 kcal/mol, is enriched in the interfacial layer. Through simulations of oil droplets in water, we further reveal that the interfacial propensity of hydroxide ions is caused by the positive charge distribution of the oil-water interface contributed by hydrogens of the dangling OH bonds of interfacial water layer and the outmost layer decane molecules laying flat on the droplet. The present results may aid in understanding the acid-base nature of water interfaces with wide applications.

Seyyed Hamed Moghimi, Jafar Habibi, Hamid Jahad et al.

Oil products are the main source of energy in the world today. Distribution of these products is one of the main issues in the industry. The main tools for this work are pipelines, and along with it, railways, shipping and roads are also used. Optimal planning of pipelines is an example of decision-making problem and was the focus of many researchers in the past years. The use of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is one of the efficient methods to solve this problem. However, models still ignore important operational challenges. Vulnerability to deal with incidents as well as lack of attention to other transportation methods as a complement to the pipeline are among the weak points of the existing models. In this research, we intend to facilitate the decision-making process for experts in the field of distribution of oil products. For this purpose, we must improve the existing MILP methods and modify them for use in the real operational environment in such a way that sufficient flexibility, the possibility of responding to incidents, and the ability to revise the program are added to them.

Iurii Katser, Vyacheslav Kozitsin, Igor Mozolin

Recently, the application of computer vision for anomaly detection has been under attention in several industrial fields. An important example is oil pipeline defect detection. Failure of one oil pipeline can interrupt the operation of the entire transportation system or cause a far-reaching failure. The automated defect detection could significantly decrease the inspection time and the related costs. However, there is a gap in the related literature when it comes to dealing with this task. The existing studies do not sufficiently cover the research of the Magnetic Flux Leakage data and the preprocessing techniques that allow overcoming the limitations set by the available data. This work focuses on alleviating these issues. Moreover, in doing so, we exploited the recent convolutional neural network structures and proposed robust approaches, aiming to acquire high performance considering the related metrics. The proposed approaches and their applicability were verified using real-world data.

柏晓辉1,2 ，樊燕1,2，周娟3，徐庆辉3，邵杨1，张鑫1，洪光明4，郑志5 BAI Xiaohui1,2, FAN Yan1,2, ZHOU Juan3, XU Qinghui3, SHAO Yang1, ZHANG Xin1, HONG Guangming4, ZHENG Zhi5

为筛选具有潜在应用价值的产脂肪酶菌株，采用三丁酸甘油酯固体培养基从黄山松树林土壤中筛选产脂肪酶菌株，利用16S rDNA测序对筛选的菌株进行鉴定，并对其产脂肪酶酶活力参数以及酶学性质进行分析。结果表明：筛选的产脂肪酶菌株HSU-7为伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia sp. HSU-7)；菌株HSU-7所产脂肪酶的最适反应温度为45 ℃，最适pH为5，为一种耐酸性的中温脂肪酶；菌株HSU-7发酵5 d，所产脂肪酶酶活力最大，为72.22 U/mL。同时，K+、Ca2+和Mg2+对菌株HSU-7所产脂肪酶酶活力具有显著的促进作用，而Ni2+、Cu2+、Fe3+和Zn2+具有一定的抑制作用，该脂肪酶可耐受有机溶剂甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和二甲基亚砜，但Triton X-100可显著抑制其酶活力；此外，该脂肪酶能耐受65 ℃的高温。综上，菌株HSU-7可高产脂肪酶，且该脂肪酶有较强的热稳定性，可耐受多种有机溶剂，具有很好的工业应用价值。In order to screen the lipase-producing strain with potential applications, the solid medium containing tributyrin was used to screen the lipase-producing strain from the soil of pine forest in Huangshan. Then the lipase-producing strain were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and the enzymatic activity parameters and properties of the lipase produced were determined. The results showed that the lipase-producing strain HSU-7 selected was identified as Burkholderia sp.. The optimum reaction temperature and pH for the lipase produced by the strain HSU-7 were 45 ℃ and 5, respectively, revealing that it was an acid-resistant and medium-temperature lipase. The enzymatic activity of lipase produced by strain HSU-7 was the highest at 72.22 U/mL after 5 d of fermentation. Meanwhile, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ significantly promoted the enzymatic activity of the lipase produced by strain HSU-7, while Ni2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Zn2+ had some inhibition effects on the enzymatic activity. The lipase could tolerate the organic solvents methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, but Triton X-100 significantly inhibited the activity of the lipase. In addition, the lipase could tolerate 65 ℃. In summary, the strain HSU-7 can produce lipase with high yield, and the lipase has strong thermal stability and can tolerate a variety of organic solvents, so the strain has good industrial application value.

Maslia Manja Badrul Zaman, Amelia Najwa Ahmad Hairi, Norliza Saparin et al.

International health association such as American Heart Association (AHA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommend limiting saturated fat (SAFA) intake in daily diet due to the health concerns that they are linked to. However, SAFA can provide frying stability and provide crispy texture to the fried food. In this study, soybean oil which is known to have low SAFA was structured using 5% natural waxes: Candelilla wax (CNW) and Rice Bran wax (RBW) via oleogelation techniques. Oleogels can be defined as a structured liquid vegetable oil entrapped within a three-dimensional, thermo-reversible gelation network. Upon preparing the oleogels, the oleogels were subjected to frying application to determine its frying performances. Results show that the addition of waxes can help to control the increment of free fatty acids, total oxidation value and total polar compounds in the oil. Addition of waxes also show reduced oil absorption in food upon frying. However, the color changes of the wax added frying oils are much faster throughout the frying process. Therefore, natural waxes such as RBW and CNW have promising potential to be used in solidifying soybean oil for frying application.

Federico Bianchi, Stefano Speziali, Andrea Marini et al.

In this work, we describe in detail how Deep Learning and Computer Vision can help to detect fault events of the AirTender system, an aftermarket motorcycle damping system component. One of the most effective ways to monitor the AirTender functioning is to look for oil stains on its surface. Starting from real-time images, AirTender is first detected in the motorbike suspension system, simulated indoor, and then, a binary classifier determines whether AirTender is spilling oil or not. The detection is made with the help of the Yolo5 architecture, whereas the classification is carried out with the help of a suitably designed Convolutional Neural Network, OilNet40. In order to detect oil leaks more clearly, we dilute the oil in AirTender with a fluorescent dye with an excitation wavelength peak of approximately 390 nm. AirTender is then illuminated with suitable UV LEDs. The whole system is an attempt to design a low-cost detection setup. An on-board device, such as a mini-computer, is placed near the suspension system and connected to a full hd camera framing AirTender. The on-board device, through our Neural Network algorithm, is then able to localize and classify AirTender as normally functioning (non-leak image) or anomaly (leak image).

Liu Penglin, Li Jun, Xi Yan et al.

Fault slip in multi-stage fracturing of shale gas is the main factor leading to the shear deformation of casing in shale gas horizontal wells,which seriously affects the productivity of shale gas horizontal wells.However,there is no effective method to calculate the fault slip at present.Accordingly,the stress state of the fault in the multi-stage fracturing process of shale gas horizontal wells was analyzed in this paper.A fault slip model and calculation method were established considering the influence of upper and lower strata on the fault.The change rule of the fault slip under the influence of different factors was studied by using finite element software.The results show that,in the process of fault slip,the slip from the top to the bottom of the fault decreases gradually due to the elasticity of the stratum,showing an inverted S shape.Factors such as the decrease of friction coefficient of fault plane,the decrease of elastic modulus of fault rock,the increase of elastic modulus of rock in the lower strata of the fault and the increase of horizontal minimum in-situ stress all increase the fault slip.While Poisson's ratio of fault rock,Poisson's ratio of rock in the lower strata and vertical in-situ stress have small influences on the fault slip.The research results provide a reference for the fracturing parameter control of shale gas horizontal wells.

Zhang Ruiyao, Li Jun, Liu Gonghui et al.

In order to solve the problem of low separation efficiency of separator in hollow sphere injected dual-gradient drilling, the dynamic variation of wellbore pressure was studied. A filter separator capable of efficiently separating hollow spheres was designed and verified by numerical simulation and laboratory test, and the highest separation efficiency can reach 98.5%. The mathematical model of fluctuating pressure generated by the separation of hollow sphere into the annulus was built; combined with the model and considering the dynamic variation of the volume fraction of hollow sphere, the drilling fluid displacement, the separator position and the rate of penetration, the mathematical model of dynamic variation of wellbore pressure was further built. Based on drilling data, case calculation and influential factor analysis were carried out. The research results show that the wellbore pressure distribution has an obvious inflection point at the position of the separator, while the distribution of drilling fluid density in the annulus has an abrupt change; by means of dynamically adjusting the key parameters such as the volume fraction of the hollow sphere and the position of the separator, the density of unweighted drilling fluid in the annulus, the length of the liquid column and the bottom pressure while drilling can be flexibly adjusted, and thus realize the real-time prediction of the bottomhole pressure while drilling. The research results provide theoretical basis and technical support for safe drilling under narrow pressure window conditions.

李胜忠, 张铜鋆, 聂军 et al.

To solve the problem of inaccuracy of MWD instruments caused by downhole high-temperature environment,ZLZY310 high-temperature drilling fluid cooling system was developed.Based on the heat exchange theory,the influence of the drilling fluid entry temperature on the temperature of downhole drilling fluid was analyzed and the temperature change of the drilling fluid when it is still was considered,the technical parameters of the cooling system were determined.With plate heat exchanger,the heat exchange efficiency of drilling fluid cooling system is over 85%.The heat-exchanged water is dissipated by several sets of cooling towers,which work based on the principle of air cooling and evaporation.The backwashing process of drilling fluid was designed,which can solve the problem of pipe plugging by impurities in drilling fluid.The drilling fluid cooling system has been applied in the oil field,and the processing capacity of drilling fluid reaches up to 150～260 m³/h,which has obvious cooling effect compared with similar cooling devices.The circulating cooling capacity of drilling fluid meets the requirements of field operation and reduces the influence of formation temperature on downhole tools.The research results provide effective technical support for drilling fluid cooling and backwashing processes during drilling.

K. Cho, N. Acevedo, Rodrigo Tarté

Although some consumers have a negative connotation of fats in food products, fats provide a unique mouthfeel, texture, and flavor to foods. Biphasic gels, which are semi-solid systems composed of two generally immiscible systems, were investigated as they may offer a potential solution to remove or reduce semi-solid fats in foods without sacrificing functionality. Edible biphasic gels with high lipid fractions ( >50%) were developed and characterized. The gels consisted of gelatin in aqueous buffer (hydrogel; HY), and rice bran wax in high-oleic soybean oil (oleogel; OE). The OE:HY ratios prepared were  40:60, 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30. Thermal analysis was performed with differential scanning calorimetry. Freeze-thaw stability of the gels was studied by rheology, liquid loss measurement, and microstructural characterization before and after one freeze-thaw cycle. Biphasic gels were also stored for approximately 6 months under accelerated oxidation conditions at 22°C to assess oxidative stability through PV analysis. The combination of HY and OE led to superior systems compared to the individual gel components. The yield stress (s*) values for biphasic gels were greater than for OE alone, and increased as the proportion of HY increased. CLSM showed that the HY was the continuous phase for all ratios. After exposure to one freeze-thaw cycle, biphasic gels showed no visual differences, a reduced water loss and an increase in G’ when compared to pure HY. Oxidative stability of the biphasic gels was shown by the low PV (less than 3 meq/kg) after the storage period. By changing the OE:HY, the biphasic gel can be tailored as semi-solid fat replacers with desired properties and good overall stability. The findings from this study demonstrate the improved functionality of oils by formulating into a biphasic gel system, thus potential to replace semi-solid fats.

Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud, M. Abdel-Hamied, Faten M. Abou-Elella et al.

Wei YAN, Bing LUO, Gang ZHOU et al.

Based on drilling data of JT1 and CS1, outcrop profiles and seismic data, the sedimentary pattern, space configuration of source-reservoir-cap combinations and paleouplift evolution characteristics of the Cambrian Lower Canglangpu Member in the central Sichuan paleouplift have been investigated to determine the favorable exploration zones. Controlled by Deyang-Anyue rift, the Lower Canglangpu Member features differential characteristics from east to west in sedimentary framework. In the west side of the Deyang-Anyue rift, this member is composed of clastic sediments, while in the east side of the Deyang-Anyue rift, it is fresh water shelf sediments, with grain beaches occurring along edges of the depressions, shelf and lagoon. Among the beaches, the dolomitic ones are mainly distributed around the depression edge and in the north of the lagoon. The beach sediments could become high quality reservoirs under the effect of karstification. Underlying the Lower Canglangpu Member is the widespread source rock of the Qiongzhusi Formation, so oil and gas generated by the Qiongzhusi Formation source rock can directly charge into the beach reservoirs. The sandy mudstone of the Upper Canglangpu Member can serve as the caprock of the Lower Canglangpu Member reservoir. The dolomitic beaches are located at the higher part of the paleo-uplift during the main accumulation period, with good hydrocarbon accumulation elements. Blocks PT1-CS1, HT1-GT2 and east GT2 are favorable exploration zones.

P.О. Nekrasov, N. Tkachenko, О.P. Nekrasov et al.

Fats as complex mixtures of acylglycerols with lipid and non-lipid substances are an integral part of human nutrition. The presence of acylglycerols of trans-isomers of fatty acids causes many cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. A promising approach to solving the problem of minimizing the content of these undesirable compounds in food recipes is to create a new generation of fat systems, oleogels, which are the subject of this study. High-oleic sunflower oil was used as a dispersion medium of oleogels, which allows obtaining systems with increased resistance to oxidation, as opposed to the oils of traditional kinds. Sunflower seed wax and tocopherols are chosen as a dispersed phase of these fatty systems. The choice of these components was based on their properties to create a three-dimensional structure in oleogels with specified thermomechanical characteristics. Currently, there is a lack of information on the influence of the content of the dispersed phase on the technological parameters of oleogels, namely oxidative resistance and sorption properties. The purpose of the presented work was to study these features of oleogels and establish their dependences on their composition. To solve this problem, the yield surface method is used in the work. The unknown values of the parameter vector were determined by using regression analysis algorithms. Deviation functionality was minimized by finding the appropriate combinations of the experimental series of predictors. A mathematical model was developed which allows predicting oxidative stability and sorption properties of oleogels based on the data on their composition. The suitable mass fractions of the components of the dispersed phase of oleogels have been determined as follows: tocopherol content is 0.10–0.14 wt.% and the sunflower seed wax content is 1.8–4.0 wt.%. The results obtained can serve as a scientific basis for the development of technology for the industrial production of oleogels as new generation fatty systems.

Ashok R. Patel, K. Dewettinck

In lipid-based food products, fat crystals are used as building blocks for creating a crystalline network that can trap liquid oil into a 3D gel-like structure which in turn is responsible for the desirable mouth feel and texture properties of the food products. However, the recent ban on the use of trans-fat in the US, coupled with the increasing concerns about the negative health effects of saturated fat consumption, has resulted in an increased interest in the area of identifying alternative ways of structuring edible oils using non-fat-based building blocks. In this paper, we give a brief account of three alternative approaches where oil structuring was carried out using wax crystals (shellac), polymer strands (hydrophilic cellulose derivative), and emulsion droplets as structurants. These building blocks resulted in three different types of oleogels that showed distinct rheological properties and temperature functionalities. The three approaches are compared in terms of the preparation process (ease of processing), properties of the formed systems (microstructure, rheological gel strength, temperature response, effect of water incorporation, and thixotropic recovery), functionality, and associated limitations of the structured systems. The comparative evaluation is made such that the new researchers starting their work in the area of oil structuring can use this discussion as a general guideline. Practical applications Various aspects of oil binding for three different building blocks were studied in this work. The practical significance of this study includes (i) information on the preparation process and the concentrations of structuring agents required for efficient gelation and (ii) information on the behavior of oleogels to temperature, applied shear, and presence of water. This information can be very useful for selecting the type of structuring agents keeping the final applications in mind. For detailed information on the actual edible applications (bakery, chocolate, and spreads) which are based on the oleogel systems described in this manuscript, the readers are advised to refer our recent papers published elsewhere. (Food & Function 2014, 5, 645–652 and Food & Function 2014, 5, 2833–2841).