Hasil untuk "Lexicography"

Harahulia Serhii, Symonenko Tetiana

The goal of the research. Analysis of the realization of digital humanities projects in a number of EU countries (based on materials from the European Association for Digital Humanities (EADH) platform) and determination of the role of libraries in the implementation of humanities research support services. Methodology. Descriptive, analytical and experimental methods were applied, which involved the use of the operating environment of virtual scientific services, which were the object of the study. The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive analysis and generalization of best practices in supporting humanities research bylibraries, scientific institutions, and academic projects. Conclusions. An analysis of leading digital humanities projects in Europe indicates their successful completion of the stage of introducing digitized resources into scientific circulation and the current priority given to the implementation of tools suitable for analytics of large multiformat data with maximum productivity. Humanities research support services contain a significant number of innovative technological solutions for archaeography, source studies, codicology, lexicography, paleography, prosopography, etc., allowing to achieve significant scientific results in archival, library and museum work. The absolute majority of the analyzed projects are corporate, specialists from scientific and cultural institutions, libraries, programmers are involved in their implementation, which generally corresponds to the multidisciplinary nature of the development of science at the present stage. It was found that the role of libraries in digital humanities projects is realized through the implementation of such research support services as management of scientific content and research data management, cataloging and reference support, the use of subject ontologies and linked data for resource systematization, curation of digital collections, attribution and provenance of cultural artifacts, intellectual analysis of text, expertise and training of users in digital science tools.

Martina Kokolari

O. S. Rinchinov, S. B. Dashieva

The article is dedicated to the early adaptation and development of the medical and pharmaceutical measurements system in traditional Mongolian medicine as shown in the example of the treatise “Khan Treasury” – about methods of treatment”. This work is a little-known translation into the classic Mongolian language of one of the oldest Tibetan medical treatises “GyalpoKorzo”, that belongs to the medical tradition of the Sakyapa school (11th century). The purpose of this study is to reveal the traditional medicine features of Mongolian peoples’ metric system on the example of the said work. The authors use a comparative historical method and historical-lexical analysis. The medical metric terminology available in the Mongolian text of the “Khan Treasury” was identified and systematized, the origin of the measurement units used in it, was determined. The scientific novelty is that new data have been obtained on the adaptation by Mongolians of the complex system of knowledge accumulated in traditional medical systems. It is shown that the studied lexical layer reflects economic and living conditions of nomads, features of cultural ties in East and Central Asia. The example of measurement terminology shows that Mongolians, while adapting and mastering Buddhist knowledge, apart from directly borrowing new categories and concepts, tried to rethink them in the realities of their own culture. Text and analytical materials of medical treatise “Khan Treasury” – about methods of treatment” are housed in the diachronic corpus of the old Mongolian language and will serve as the basis for the creation of a machine translation system based on artificial intelligence technologies (“deep learning”).

E. Algaba, Stefano Moretti, É. Rémila et al.

In many real world situations, the design of social rankings over agents or items from a given raking over groups or coalitions, to which these agents or items belong to, is of big interest. With this aim, we revise the lexicographic excellence solution and introduce two novel solutions which, moreover, take into account the size of the groups. We present some desirable axioms which are interpreted in this context. Next, a comparable axiomatization of these three solutions is established, revealing the main differences among the two new social rankings and the lexicographic excellence solution. Finally, we apply the three social rankings under study to a real scenario. Specifically, the performance of some football players of Paris Saint-Germain during the UEFA Champions League according to these three rules is analyzed.

Leonardo Lai, Lorenzo Fiaschi, M. Cococcioni et al.

This article concerns the study of mixed Pareto-lexicographic multiobjective optimization problems where the objectives must be partitioned in multiple priority levels (PLs). A PL is a group of objectives having the same importance in terms of optimization and subsequent decision making, while between PLs a lexicographic ordering exists. A naive approach would be to define a multilevel dominance relationship and apply a standard EMO/EMaO algorithm, but the concept does not conform to a stable optimization process as the resulting dominance relationship violates the transitive property needed to achieve consistent comparisons. To overcome this, we present a novel approach that merges a custom nondominance relation with the Grossone methodology, a mathematical framework to handle infinite and infinitesimal quantities. The proposed method is implemented on a popular multiobjective optimization algorithm (NSGA-II), deriving a generalization of it called by us PL-NSGA-II. We also demonstrate the usability of our strategy by quantitatively comparing the results obtained by PL-NSGA-II against other priority and nonpriority-based approaches. Among the test cases, we include two real-world applications: one 10-objective aircraft design problem and one 3-objective crash safety vehicle design task. The obtained results show that PL-NSGA-II is more suited to solve lexicographical many-objective problems than the general purpose EMaO algorithms.

Svetlana Kolesnikova, Elena Burskaya, Olga Shatalova et al.

The article introduces the main idioglossas ("Children", "Family", "Life") of F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "The Brothers Karamazov", which are understood as mental and cognitive categories, according to Yu.N. Karaulov, the constants of certain author's lines in the text, and describes the means of their representation (phonosemantic, lexical, phraseological and syntactic). The study of phonetic shells and the meanings of the words that form considered idioglossas, it is proved that representation in their meanings and words as a psycholinguistic phenomenon exhibits the traits of the writer's language personality development, his worldview and value system. The author's choice of exact lexemes and their syntagmatic partners included in the studied idioglossas demonstrates the harmonization of the nature of the language sign: a) the sound supports the meaning; b) the meanings of 'children', 'family', 'life' are interdependent. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that it defines the semantic components of the idioglossas "Children", "Family", "Life" and the means of their representation. On the basis of computer phonosemantic analysis of words, their sound content is characterized. The novelty of the research is connected with the understanding of harmony or disharmony of the language sign and the ideological and aesthetic content expressed in the text by Dostoevsky. The research methods include: the method of system analysis of semantic relations, computer analysis of phonosemantics of words, phenomenological and others. The author reveals the significance of each idioglossa for the implementation of the main concepts of the work, which form its ideological core and indicate the author's mental and cognitive attitudes aimed at depicting the life of the Karamazov family which reflects the tragedies of the contradictory Russian life. The research results can be applied in the theory of author's lexicography; in the process of creating mental maps of the Russian language personality based on the description of author's idioglossas; in teaching university philological courses.

Klemenčić Mladen

In early May, Radovan Pavić, a full professor at the University of Zagreb, died at the age of 87. The news of his death was mentioned in several electronic publications, and suitable tributes were published on the web pages of the institutions in which the professor was active. In the journal Politički misao, published by the Faculty of Political Sciences, an obituary appeared by Marta Zorko, and Ivan Zupanc paid his respects on the Geography Department pages of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics website.

Christian M. Meyer, Andreas Abel

Amir M. Ben-Amram, S. Genaim

Multiphase ranking functions (\( M\varPhi \)RFs) were proposed as a means to prove the termination of a loop in which the computation progresses through a number of “phases”, and the progress of each phase is described by a different linear ranking function. Our work provides new insights regarding such functions for loops described by a conjunction of linear constraints (single-path loops). We provide a complete polynomial-time solution to the problem of existence and of synthesis of \( M\varPhi \)RF of bounded depth (number of phases), when variables range over rational or real numbers; a complete solution for the (harder) case that variables are integer, with a matching lower-bound proof, showing that the problem is coNP-complete; and a new theorem which bounds the number of iterations for loops with \( M\varPhi \)RFs. Surprisingly, the bound is linear, even when the variables involved change in non-linear way. We also consider a type of lexicographic ranking functions more expressive than types of lexicographic functions for which complete solutions have been given so far. We prove that for the above type of loops, lexicographic functions can be reduced to \( M\varPhi \)RFs, and thus the questions of complexity of detection, synthesis, and iteration bounds are also answered for this class.

Ana Šeparović

U radu se razmatraju dvije inicijative Udruženja likovnih umjetnika Hrvatske iz 1960-ih kojima je uporište u ideji o »sintezi likovnih umjetnosti«: organizacija izložbi Zagrebačkoga salona i zalaganje za obavezni postotak koji bi se odvajao za likovnu opremu pri svakoj javnoj izgradnji. Budući da ULUH u razdoblju 1950-ih i 1960-ih privilegira onu varijantu umjerenoga modernizma koja se zasniva na ideji o autonomiji umjetnosti, vrijedno je istaknuti te dvije inicijative koje proizlaze iz ideje o sintezi, kao projekta druge, racionalističke varijante modernizma. Pritom se razmatra reformatorski potencijal ideje o sintezi, koja je iskorištena kao sredstvo u procesu modernizacije i demokratizacije Društva u tome razdoblju ‘tranzicije’ ULUH-a iz doktrinarnog i birokratskog u moderno strukovno udruženje. Cilj je ovoga rada na temelju arhivske dokumentacije, prikazom jednoga segmenta svijeta umjetnosti 1960-ih, dijelom rasvijetliti njegovo funkcioniranje i institucionalnu infrastrukturu.

Halas-Popović Ana V.

This paper has proposed a model of treatment of polysemy in monolingual dictionaries of Serbian, which is based on the idea of the solid grounding of lexicographic practice in cognitive linguistic theory. A polysemous structure is understood here as a prototype-based category whose senses are mutually related on the basis of family resemblance, while the derivation of senses is motivated and the whole structure is hierarchically organised. The proposed model has been built on the foundation comprised of these main features of polysemy as understood within the framework of prototype theory. In order to be in accordance with the idea of the firm theoretical foundation of lexicographic practice, the presentation of the model has been divided into a lexicological and a lexicographic aspect. The lexicological aspect has included the formation of a polysemous structure. This model enables a clear insight into all derivational paths within a polysemous structure, mutual relations among senses as well as the hierarchical position of each individual sense. As such, it represents a theoretical basis or even a pattern for the formation of a dictionary entry for a polysemous word, i.e. for the lexicographic aspect of the proposed model. The main characteristics of the lexicographic aspect are the following: sense definitions contain a formal indication of the derivational link between a superordinate sense and its subsense and a dictionary entry is hierarchically structured. A sample entry for a highly polysemous verb in Serbian has been formed as an illustration of the proposed principles for tailoring a dictionary entry. The given principles result in achieving the transparency of motivated derivation of senses, their mutual relatedness on the basis of family resemblance as well as their hierarchical organisation, which is a necessary prerequisite for a reliable lexicographic description of a polysemous word expected to satisfy the needs of various types of dictionary users more efficiently. Overall, the solid scientific foundation of this model ensures the higher practical efficiency of the treatment of polysemy. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 178002]

Victor A. Neufeldt, A. N. Sparks

Defeng He, Lei Wang, Jing Sun

Kyle Hollins Wray, S. Zilberstein, A. Mouaddib

Sequential decision problems that involve multiple objectives are prevalent. Consider for example a driver of a semi-autonomous car who may want to optimize competing objectives such as travel time and the effort associated with manual driving. We introduce a rich model called Lexicographic MDP (LMDP) and a corresponding planning algorithm called LVI that generalize previous work by allowing for conditional lexicographic preferences with slack. We analyze the convergence characteristics of LVI and establish its game theoretic properties. The performance of LVI in practice is tested within a realistic benchmark problem in the domain of semi-autonomous driving. Finally, we demonstrate how GPU-based optimization can improve the scalability of LVI and other value iteration algorithms for MDPs.

Dantong Liu, Yue Chen, K. K. Chai et al.

Emmanuel Sithole, Dion Nkomo

This article critically evaluates the ChiNdau–English and English–ChiNdau Vocabulary: With Grammatical Notes, a bilingual dictionary published in 1915 by the American Board Mission (Rhodesian Branch), with a view of determining its suitability for use as a point of departure for modern Ndau lexicography. More than a century after its publication, it remains the only dictionary in the language. The language has been treated as a dialect of Shona for close to a century, until its emergence as one of the country's sixteen officially-recognized languages in the 2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe. This landmark development requires practical work that can transform Ndau into a fully-fledged and intellectualized language. Lexicography is one of the key intellectual enterprises that can contribute in this regard. It is therefore the contention of this article that the existing dictionary be considered as a vital point of reference for future lexicographic work in Ndau. An analysis of various aspects of the dictionary indicate that, notwithstanding some limitations, this dictionary indeed managed to set some standards that may be incorporated in current and future lexicographic works in this less documented language.

Leida Li, Shushang Li, Hancheng Zhu et al.

Heng Li

SUMMARY We present a new method to incrementally construct the FM-index for both short and long sequence reads, up to the size of a genome. It is the first algorithm that can build the index while implicitly sorting the sequences in the reverse (complement) lexicographical order without a separate sorting step. The implementation is among the fastest for indexing short reads and the only one that practically works for reads of averaged kilobases in length. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION https://github.com/lh3/ropebwt2 CONTACT: hengli@broadinstitute.org.

Blanche Nyangone Assam, Hugues Steve Ndinga-Koumba-Binza, Virginie Ompoussa

This paper is a response to Mavoungou (2013a) who has pleaded for the production of a dictionary of Gabonese French as variant B of the French language. The paper intends to comprehend the concept of "Gabonese French". It gives an outline of the situation of French within the language diversity of Gabon as a contribution to the theoretical perspective toward the inception of Gabonese French lexicography. Answers are given to the following questions: What French is described in existing Gabonese French studies? What French is and should be presented in Gabonese French dictionary production?

Ahmet Şimşek

Hicri 7. yy’da yaşayan İbn Malik bölgemizde (Türkiye’nin güneydoğusu) daha çok nahiv ilmiyle alakalı “Elfiyye” adlı eseri ile tanınan bir âlimdir. Ancak İbn Malik nahiv ilmiyle uğraşmanın yanında lügat ilmiyle de meşgul olmuştur ki onun bu yönü pek fazla bilinmemektedir. Lügat ilmi, belirli bir dile ait söz dağarcığını cem etmeyi vazife edindiğinden oldukça önemli bir alandır. İbn Malik ve lügat ilmi denildiğinde akla gelebilecek eserlerinden biri el-Maksûr ve’l-memdûd adlı eseridir. İbn Malik bu eserinde Arap dilindeki maksûr ve memdûd kelimeleri ele almıştır. Eser manzum bir şekilde telif edilmiştir. Bizim için eseri farklı kılan bir yön ise baştan sona hikmet ve zühd ile dolu nasihatler şeklinde telif edilmiş olmasıdır. Her bir maksûr-memdûd ikilisinin ele alındığı beyit zahidâne bir nasihat içermektedir. Böylelikle İbn Malik bu eserinde zühd, şiir ve dili bir araya getirip mezcetmiştir.