Hasil untuk "Languages and literature of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania"

Maria Olascoaga, Francisco Beron-Vera, Gage Bonner et al.

Genetic analyses indicate minimal gene flow across the so-called Eastern Pacific Barrier (EPB) in larvae of the reef-building coral \emph{Porites lobata}. Notably, Clipperton Atoll, situated on the eastern side of the EPB, is the only site that exhibits detectable genetic connectivity with the Line Islands, which lie to the west of the EPB. To elucidate the relationship between this genetic signal and large-scale Pacific Ocean circulation, we analyze historical trajectories of surface-drifting buoys from the Global Drifter Program (GDP). We first discretize the GDP drifter trajectories into a Markov chain representation and subsequently apply transition path theory (TPT) in combination with Bayesian inference. The TPT analysis identifies reactive trajectories -- pathways that connect the Line Islands to Clipperton Atoll with minimal detours -- whose travel times do not exceed 5 months, which is taken as an upper bound for the larval survival time of \emph{P. lobata}. Consistently, the posterior distribution of transport from Pacific islands west of the EPB to Clipperton Atoll attains a local maximum in the Line Islands at a travel time of approximately 2.5 months. Our probabilistic characterization of the Lagrangian dynamics therefore supports a scenario of weak, but non-negligible, permeability of the EPB, in agreement with the genetic evidence, and it motivates a refined dynamical definition of the EPB based on the remaining duration of reactive trajectories. Furthermore, our results indicate that the connectivity between the Line Islands and Clipperton Atoll is governed primarily by the seasonal modulation of the North Equatorial Countercurrent, rather than by the phase of the El Niño--Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Finally, Clipperton Atoll's role as a terminal sink for trajectories is relevant to the planned mining operations.

Jeremy Singer, Steve Draper

Esoteric programming languages are challenging to learn, but their unusual features and constraints may serve to improve programming ability. From languages designed to be intentionally obtuse (e.g. INTERCAL) to others targeting artistic expression (e.g. Piet) or exploring the nature of computation (e.g. Fractan), there is rich variety in the realm of esoteric programming languages. This essay examines the counterintuitive appeal of esoteric languages and seeks to analyse reasons for this popularity. We will explore why people are attracted to esoteric languages in terms of (a) program comprehension and construction, as well as (b) language design and implementation. Our assertion is that esoteric languages can improve general PL awareness, at the same time as enabling the esoteric programmer to impress their peers with obscure knowledge. We will also consider pedagogic principles and the use of AI, in relation to esoteric languages. Emerging from the specific discussion, we identify a general set of 'good' reasons for designing new programming languages. It may not be possible to be exhaustive on this topic, and it is certain we have not achieved that goal here. However we believe our most important contribution is to draw attention to the varied and often implicit motivations involved in programming language design.

Kousar Raza, Faizan Ali

This paper presents a structured and comprehensive dataset corresponding to the 2025 Asia Cup T20 cricket tournament, designed to facilitate data-driven research in sports analytics. The dataset comprises records from all 19 matches of the tournament and includes 61 variables covering team scores, wickets, powerplay statistics, boundary counts, toss decisions, venues, and player-specific highlights. To demonstrate its analytical value, we conduct an exploratory data analysis focusing on team performance indicators, boundary distributions, and scoring patterns. The dataset is publicly released through Zenodo under a CC-BY 4.0 license to support reproducibility and further research in cricket analytics, predictive modeling, and strategic decision-making. This work contributes an open, machine-readable benchmark dataset for advancing cricket analytics research.

Dwi Faradylla Nur Khasanah, Rima Listiawati, Khofifah Nur Khasanah et al.

Penggunaan gaya bahasa dalam sebuah karya sastra khususnya lagu bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efek estetika atau keindahan sehingga memberikan kesan menarik perhatian seseorang untuk membaca atau mendengarkan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan makna lagu religi melalui penggunaan gaya bahasa alegoris. Deskriptif kualitatif digunakan sebagai metode penelitian ini. Objek lagu ketiga yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diambil melalui media YouTube pada tahun 2024, antara lain lagu Saujana berjudul “Sepohon Kayu”, lagu Chrisye “Ketika Tangan dan Kaki Berkata”, dan lagu Fatin Shidqia berjudul “Oh Tuhan”. Data tersebut digunakan untuk mengetahui makna religiusitas dalam lirik lagu. Peneliti menggunakan teknik dokumen dalam mengumpulkan bahan penelitian yang tentunya valid. Selain itu peneliti juga menggunakan teknik menyimak, teknik mencatat, dan teknik analisis data. Setelah dilakukan penelitian, penelitian ini menunjukkan penggunaan gaya bahasa alegoris dalam lagu-lagu tersebut dan membuktikan pemahaman makna religiusitas di dalamnya. Melalui penelitian ini dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik dan menjadi alat yang ampuh untuk menyampaikan pesan-pesan spiritual atau religi dalam lagu yang bermakna religiusitas.

Yubo Zhou, Weizhen Bian, Kaitai Zhang et al.

In traditional medical practices, music therapy has proven effective in treating various psychological and physiological ailments. Particularly in Eastern traditions, the Five Elements Music Therapy (FEMT), rooted in traditional Chinese medicine, possesses profound cultural significance and unique therapeutic philosophies. With the rapid advancement of Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence, applying these modern technologies to FEMT could enhance the personalization and cultural relevance of the therapy and potentially improve therapeutic outcomes. In this article, we developed a music therapy system for the first time by applying the theory of the five elements in music therapy to practice. This innovative approach integrates advanced Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence with Five-Element Music Therapy (FEMT) to enhance personalized music therapy practices. As traditional music therapy predominantly follows Western methodologies, the unique aspects of Eastern practices, specifically the Five-Element theory from traditional Chinese medicine, should be considered. This system aims to bridge this gap by utilizing computational technologies to provide a more personalized, culturally relevant, and therapeutically effective music therapy experience.

Weizhen Bian, Siyan Liu, Yubo Zhou et al.

Faced with the burgeoning volume of academic literature, researchers often need help with uncertain article quality and mismatches in term searches using traditional academic engines. We introduce IntellectSeeker, an innovative and personalized intelligent academic literature management platform to address these challenges. This platform integrates a Large Language Model (LLM)--based semantic enhancement bot with a sophisticated probability model to personalize and streamline literature searches. We adopted the GPT-3.5-turbo model to transform everyday language into professional academic terms across various scenarios using multiple rounds of few-shot learning. This adaptation mainly benefits academic newcomers, effectively bridging the gap between general inquiries and academic terminology. The probabilistic model intelligently filters academic articles to align closely with the specific interests of users, which are derived from explicit needs and behavioral patterns. Moreover, IntellectSeeker incorporates an advanced recommendation system and text compression tools. These features enable intelligent article recommendations based on user interactions and present search results through concise one-line summaries and innovative word cloud visualizations, significantly enhancing research efficiency and user experience. IntellectSeeker offers academic researchers a highly customizable literature management solution with exceptional search precision and matching capabilities. The code can be found here: https://github.com/LuckyBian/ISY5001

V. G. Shvydko

The article addresses the experience of Fumio Kishida’s first year as Prime Minister of the Japanese government with respect to its economic policy vision and implementation. The latter is presented by comparing it to the policy pursued over the past ten years by PM Kishida’s predecessors in the office, on the one hand, and to the commitments he announced during the 2021 election campaign, on the other. The paper notes that, in its basic moments, the economic policy of the cabinet of the new leader of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party continues the course previously maintained by the team of then-PM Shinzō Abe, known as Abenomics. This manifests itself in the specifics of the use of basic tools of macroeconomic policy, monetary and tax instruments to be named first, as well as in choosing priorities for the policy stimulating consumption and economic activity. The continuity of the course can be particularly illustrated by loose monetary policy; positive view of the depreciation of Japanese national currency; moderately expansionary fiscal policy relying on domestic borrowing; preference given to the interests of the corporate sector. Legacy inherited from previous administrations also includes the government striving to revitalize private demand; promoting investment in R&D, venture and innovating enterprises with particular stress on regional economies. Kishida’s particular emphasis on invigorating redistributive mechanisms and increasing labor share in national income has not yet led to material decisions and actions by the government. Nor did Kishida make progress with his commitment to expand the ring of beneficiaries of the capitalist market system, as part of his idea of “new capitalism”. In recent months, the attention of the government and its economic team has been largely focused on overcoming the consequences of the disruption of transnational chain lines in production, trade, and logistics, as a result of the coronavirus pandemic and rising geopolitical tensions. In addressing this issue, they prioritized subsidizing businesses and households to partially offset energy and food price hikes; securing diversification or localization of critical links of trade and production chains, as well as the exclusion of politically undesirable or unstable locations from them. At this stage, however, the actions of the government are limited to setting relevant goals and plans to provide finance for programs with effectiveness yet to be proved.

Tilman Frasch

Jean-Philippe Bernardy, Patrik Jansson

The tensor notation used in several areas of mathematics is a useful one, but it is not widely available to the functional programming community. In a practical sense, the (embedded) domain-specific languages (DSLs) that are currently in use for tensor algebra are either 1. array-oriented languages that do not enforce or take advantage of tensor properties and algebraic structure or 2. follow the categorical structure of tensors but require the programmer to manipulate tensors in an unwieldy point-free notation. A deeper issue is that for tensor calculus, the dominant pedagogical paradigm assumes an audience which is either comfortable with notational liberties which programmers cannot afford, or focus on the applied mathematics of tensors, largely leaving their linguistic aspects (behaviour of variable binding, syntax and semantics, etc.) for the reader to figure out by themselves. This state of affairs is hardly surprising, because, as we highlight, several properties of standard tensor notation are somewhat exotic from the perspective of lambda calculi. We bridge the gap by defining a DSL, embedded in Haskell, whose syntax closely captures the index notation for tensors in wide use in the literature. The semantics of this EDSL is defined in terms of the algebraic structures which define tensors in their full generality. This way, we believe that our EDSL can be used both as a tool for scientific computing, but also as a vehicle to express and present the theory and applications of tensors.

Jan de Muijnck-Hughes, Guillaume Allais, Edwin Brady

Language Workbenches offer language designers an expressive environment in which to create their DSLs. Similarly, research into mechanised meta-theory has shown how dependently typed languages provide expressive environments to formalise and study DSLs and their meta-theoretical properties. But can we claim that dependently typed languages qualify as language workbenches? We argue yes! We have developed an exemplar DSL called Velo that showcases not only dependently typed techniques to realise and manipulate IRs, but that dependently typed languages make fine language workbenches. Velo is a simple verified language with well-typed holes and comes with a complete compiler pipeline: parser, elaborator, REPL, evaluator, and compiler passes. Specifically, we describe our design choices for well-typed IRs design that includes support for well-typed holes, how CSE is achieved in a well-typed setting, and how the mechanised type-soundness proof for Velo is the source of the evaluator.

Xinyi Wen, Mehrnaz Anvari, Leonardo Rydin Gorjao et al.

The power-grid frequency reflects the balance between electricity supply and demand. Measuring the frequency and its variations allows monitoring of the power balance in the system and, thus, the grid stability. In addition, gaining insight into the characteristics of frequency variations and defining precise evaluation metrics for these variations enables accurate assessment of the performance of forecasts and synthetic models of the power-grid frequency. Previous work was limited to a few geographical regions and did not quantify the observed effects. In this contribution, we analyze and quantify the statistical and stochastic properties of self-recorded power-grid frequency data from various synchronous areas in Asia, Australia, and Europe at a resolution of one second. Revealing non-standard statistics of both empirical and synthetic frequency data, we effectively constrain the space of possible (stochastic) power-grid frequency models and share a range of analysis tools to benchmark any model or characterize empirical data. Furthermore, we emphasize the need to analyze data from a large range of synchronous areas to obtain generally applicable models.

Ubaid Ridlo

The purpose of this study was to find a variation of test technique and variety of test in Arabic Language-Tamrinul Lughah subject and analyze it based on the theory of multiple intelligences at Darul Muttaqien Islamic Boarding School Bogor West Java. This research is field research conducted at Tarbiyatul Mu’allimin wal Mu’allimat al-Islamiyyah (TMI) class II since July 2018 up to August 2020. This research is qualitative, using case study method. Methods of data collection through interview, observation, focus group discussion, and documentation. The steps of data analysis are carried out qualitatively. By stages; 1) data collection, 2) data reduction, 3) display data with analysis, 4). conclusion. The findings of this study are Pesantren in implementing Arabic learning evaluation-Tamrinul Lughah have applied the Non-Test and Test Techniques. While the variety of tests includes Akhlak Mulya Test, Kepribadian Test, Formative Test, Summative Middle Test, and Summative Final Test both written and oral. The variety of tests has proven to be able to develop santri’s multi-intelligence, including linguistic intelligence, spiritual intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, and intrapersonal intelligence. So, the evaluation of learning Arabic based on multiple intelligences is very effective in improving student achievement.

Sachi Oshima

The concert "Listen to Haruki Murakami" was created in 2015 and toured in Singapore and Seoul, Korea, as a Japan Foundation project. Japanese author Murakami Haruki is well-known for his frequent references to music in his works; however, there had been no officially permitted concert before this project, which integrated and interweaved the texts and songs used in his works. In this essay, the author, who had been the chief officer in charge of this concert, reflects on the process of creating this concert in chronological order and describes challenges and difficulties she had faced from an insider’s point of view. More specifically, this essay covers the questions of (a) how the basic concept was created to interweave music and texts, (b) how songs were selected from Murakami’s novels, (c) how Murakami’s texts, including the Japanese originals, English translation, and Korean translation, were selected for the concert, and (d) how the concert script was finalized through collaboration with those involved in this project.  

James Grimmelmann

If code is law, then the language of law is a programming language. Lawyers and legal scholars can learn about law by studying programming-language theory, and programming-language tools can be usefully applied to legal problems. This article surveys the history of research on programming languages and law and presents ten promising avenues for future efforts. Its goals are to explain how the combination of programming languages and law is distinctive within the broader field of computer science and law, and to demonstrate with concrete examples the remarkable power of programming-language concepts in this new domain.

Fuxiang Chen, Fatemeh Fard, David Lo et al.

A recent study by Ahmed and Devanbu reported that using a corpus of code written in multilingual datasets to fine-tune multilingual Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) achieves higher performance as opposed to using a corpus of code written in just one programming language. However, no analysis was made with respect to fine-tuning monolingual PLMs. Furthermore, some programming languages are inherently different and code written in one language usually cannot be interchanged with the others, i.e., Ruby and Java code possess very different structure. To better understand how monolingual and multilingual PLMs affect different programming languages, we investigate 1) the performance of PLMs on Ruby for two popular Software Engineering tasks: Code Summarization and Code Search, 2) the strategy (to select programming languages) that works well on fine-tuning multilingual PLMs for Ruby, and 3) the performance of the fine-tuned PLMs on Ruby given different code lengths. In this work, we analyze over a hundred of pre-trained and fine-tuned models. Our results show that 1) multilingual PLMs have a lower Performance-to-Time Ratio (the BLEU, METEOR, or MRR scores over the fine-tuning duration) as compared to monolingual PLMs, 2) our proposed strategy to select target programming languages to fine-tune multilingual PLMs is effective: it reduces the time to fine-tune yet achieves higher performance in Code Summarization and Code Search tasks, and 3) our proposed strategy consistently shows good performance on different code lengths.

Gregory Glatzer, Prasenjit Mitra, Johnson Kinyua

Understanding the movement of animals is crucial to conservation efforts. Past research often focuses on factors affecting movement, rather than locations of interest that animals return to or habitat. We explore the use of clustering to identify locations of interest to African Elephants in regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. Our analysis was performed using publicly available datasets for tracking African elephants at Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa; Etosha National Park, Namibia; as well as areas in Burkina Faso and the Congo. Using the DBSCAN and KMeans clustering algorithms, we calculate clusters and centroids to simplify elephant movement data and highlight important locations of interest. Through a comparison of feature spaces with and without temperature, we show that temperature is an important feature to explain movement clustering. Recognizing the importance of temperature, we develop a technique to add external temperature data from an API to other geospatial datasets that would otherwise not have temperature data. After addressing the hurdles of using external data with marginally different timestamps, we consider the quality of this data, and the quality of the centroids of the clusters calculated based on this external temperature data. Finally, we overlay these centroids onto satellite imagery and locations of human settlements to validate the real-life applications of the calculated centroids to identify locations of interest for elephants. As expected, we confirmed that elephants tend to cluster their movement around sources of water as well as some human settlements, especially those with water holes. Identifying key locations of interest for elephants is beneficial in predicting the movement of elephants and preventing poaching. These methods may in the future be applied to other animals beyond elephants to identify locations of interests for them.

Umi Hanifah, Imam Mahmudi

This study aims to explain how to plan the authentic assessment according to 2013 Curriculum in Arabic teaching, how to apply the authentic assessment according to 2013 Curriculum in Arabic teaching and what problems in applying the authentic assessment according to 2013 Curriculum in Arabic teaching and the solution. Thus, this study is very important for Arabic language teachers in implementing the authentic assessment according to 2013 properly. This study is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects in this study were Arabic teachers in class XI at State Islamic Senior High schooI 2 Bojonegoro, East Java. Data collection uses observation، interview and documentation techniques. The results showed that the planning of authentic assessment according to curriculum 2013 in Arabic teaching at State Islamic Senior High schooI 2 Bojonegoro was carried out properly. Teachers have used several forms of authentic assessment، such as in cognitive assessment، they use written and oral tests، in affective assessments، they use observation، self-assessment، peer assessment، and journals، in psychomotor assessments they use performance assessments، projects، and portfolios. The problematic of teachers in implementing authentic assessment in Arabic teaching are the teachers find it difficult to develop instruments and determine authentic forms of assessment. The solution to these problems is that the teacher tries to understand the guidelines for authentic assessment and applies the basic form of authentic assessment in teaching.

Teguh Adi Prasetiyo

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan menginterpretasi isi teks laporan hasil observasi berdasarkan struktur dan kebahasaan. Pertama aspek struktur yang mencangkup aspek deskripsi umum, deskripsi bagian, dan deskripsi manfaat. Kedua, kebahasaan umum yang mencangkup aspek frasa, klausa, kalimat simpleks, kalimat kompleks, konjungsi, dan kata kerja. Ketiga, kebahasaan khusus yang mencangkup aspek kalimat definisi, kalimat klasifikasi, dan kalimat rincian. Hasil penelitian kemampuan menginterpretasi isi teks laporan hasil observasi siswa kelas X MAN 1 Gresik tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 berdasarkan aspek struktur, berdasarkan aspek struktur, 27 siswa (81,8%) mendapat kualifikasi amat baik dengan rincian 1 siswa (3,1%) mendapat kualifikasi baik, 2 siswa (6,1%) mendapat kualifikasi cukup, dan 3 siswa (9,1%) mendapat kualifikasi kurang. Berdasarkan aspek kebahasaan umum dengan rincian 19 siswa (57,5%) mendapat kualifikasi amat baik, 11 siswa (33,3%) mendapat kualifikasi Baik, 2 siswa (6,1%) mendapat kualifikasi cukup, dan 1 siswa (3,1%) mendapat kualifikasi kurang. Berdasarkan aspek kebahasaan khusus dengan rincian 24 siswa (72,7%) mendapat kualifikasi amat baik, 4 siswa (12,1%) mendapat kualifikasi baik, 3 siswa (9,1%) mendapat kualifikasi cukup, dan 2 siswa (6,1%) mendapat kualifikasi kurang.

Tao An, Om Sharan Salafia, Yingkang Zhang et al.

Observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at Very High Energy (VHE) offer a unique opportunity to investigate particle acceleration processes, magnetic fields and radiation fields in these events. Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations have been proven to be a powerful tool providing unique information on the source size of the GRBs at mas scales, as well as their accurate positions and possible expansion speeds. This paper reports on the follow-up observations of GRB 190114C, the first ever GRB detected with high significance at TeV photon energies by the MAGIC telescope, conducted with the East Asia VLBI Network (EAVN) at 22 GHz on three epochs, corresponding to 6, 15 and 32 days after the burst. The derived maps do not show any significant source above 5 sigma. The inferred upper limits on the GRB 190114C flux density at 22 GHz are used here to constrain the allowable two-dimensional parameter space for the afterglow emission. We find that our limits are consistent with most afterglow parameter combinations proposed so far in the literature. This is the first effort for the EAVN to search and monitor a radio transient in the Target of Opportunity mode. In addition to the useful constraints on GRB 190114C radio emission, experience gained from these observations is very helpful for future routine operation of EAVN transient program.

Michael L. le Cordeur

Wannie Carstens: An agent for reconciliation. His only dream was to reconcile the Afrikaans community. When I first met Wannie Carstens, I thought to myself: This must be one of those WOW moments that people talk about. Two individuals from different backgrounds came together, thanks to Afrikaans, and we clicked immediately. Since then, our friendship for the last 12 years has sustained a number of storms. But mostly our friendship bore fruit that would change the Afrikaans landscape irreversibly, whilst at the same time our friendship continues to grow. In this contribution I will firstly describe that WOW moment, after which I will elaborate on three aspects that glued our relationship together. First there was the establishment of the Afrikaanse Taalraad (ATR) (Afrikaans Language Council) which had started in 2003 already, became a reality in 2008 and lasted until 2013. It was in this time that we travelled to the Netherlands for the first time. Our relationship continued when we both served on the Board of the Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns (SA Academy for Science and Arts). This journey, which was not always smooth for Wannie, lasted from 2012 till 2014. After Wannie completed his term as chairman of the Academy and my term as chair of the ATR came to an end, we again found a new common goal: that of a book called Ons kom van vêr (We came from afar). This will be the third aspect that I will be writing about in this contribution. Throughout this piece I will point out how Wannie has always strived towards reconciliation and how this theme runs through his life as a whole.