Hasil untuk "Information resources (General)"

Wenqi Zhao, Chunlei Wu, Jing Lu et al.

Defocus deblurring is a challenging task in the fields of computer vision and image processing. The irregularity of defocus blur kernels, coupled with the limitations of computational resources, poses significant difficulties for defocused image restoration. Additionally, the varying degrees of blur across different regions of the image impose higher demands on feature capture. Insufficient fine-grained feature extraction can result in artifacts and the loss of details, while inadequate coarse-grained feature extraction can cause image distortion and unnatural transitions. To address these challenges, we propose a defocus image deblurring method based on a hybrid CNN–Mamba architecture. This approach employs a data-driven, network-based self-learning strategy for blur processing, eliminating the need for traditional blur kernel estimation. Furthermore, by designing parallel feature extraction modules, the method leverages the local feature extraction capabilities of CNNs to capture image details, effectively restoring texture and edge information. The Mamba module models long-range dependencies, ensuring global consistency in the image. On the real defocus blur dual-pixel image dataset DPDD, the proposed CMDDNet achieves a PSNR of 28.37 in the Indoor dataset, surpassing Uformer-B (28.23) while significantly reducing the parameter count to only 9.74 M, which is 80.9% less than Uformer-B (50.88 M). Although the PSNR on the Outdoor and Combined datasets is slightly lower, CMDDNet maintains competitive performance with a significantly reduced model size, demonstrating its efficiency and effectiveness in defocus deblurring. These results indicate that CMDDNet offers a promising trade-off between performance and computational efficiency, making it well suited for lightweight applications.

Advaita S. Nigudkar, Jagruti R. Wandrekar

Background: Exploring factors that determine resilience in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual+ (LGBTQIA+) community as described in the minority stress model and developing interventions to promote individual and community resilience are emerging goals to facilitate LGBTQIA+ mental health. In this pilot study, researchers’ objectives were two-fold to build a participant-derived theory on resilience in the LGBTQIA+ community and to develop and evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of an intervention module to build resilience. Methods: Online group therapy sessions were conducted under the Sexuality, Awareness, Acceptance, Health, and Support (SAAHAS) framework, with queer mental health professionals as facilitators using a peer-cum-expert stance. Following a detailed intake and assessment using the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale, a group discussion on Understanding Resilience in the first session was used to identify resilience components. In the remaining 6 sessions, facilitators primarily used Queer Affirmative Cognitive Behavior Therapy techniques pertinent to these components to address challenges in the domains of self, family of origin, and intimate partner relationships. A feedback form was used after the final session to evaluate usefulness. Results: The 6 components identified as crucial to LGBTQIA+ resilience were building self-worth, stigma competence, cognitive coping, emotional coping, general social and interpersonal skills, and accessing information and resources. 27 participants from the LGBTQIA+ community attended at least one session. Participant feedback suggested that the participants believed that the group was a safe space, perceived an increase in their resilience after the intervention, reported improvement on all 6 resilience components, and believed that they had better skills to navigate challenges in the 3 settings of self, family, and intimate partner relationships. Conclusion: The SAAHAS intervention module can be a useful cost-effective framework to promote individual resilience, and the group therapy setting itself is a useful tangible community resilience resource.

Alaa Fares Alsafo, Mafaz Mohsin Alanezi

Health Apps Facilitate Rapid and Timely Response to COVID-19 Outbreak. There is, however, no site that gives a comprehensive overview of the various applications created to battle the epidemic. This paper aims to look at the features and usefulness of free mobile health applications accessible in the Google Play and App stores that were used during the COVID-19 epidemic. The article found 11 mobile applications which are Mawid, Tabaud, Tawakkalna, Sehha, Aarogua Setu, Immuni, COVID-19 Symptom, NHS COVID-19, COVID watch, and finally PathCheck. Different features are investigated such as contact tracing, personalized notes, educational resources, network tools (GPS and Bluetooth), security and safety. Various applications have been built for various activities such as contact tracking, appointment booking, and online consultation. Only a few applications, however, have integrated functions and features including self-assessment, consultation, assistance, and information access. The majority of the applications are supported with GPS and Bluetooth technology for monitoring and tracing people. There were no applications found with built-in social media functionalities. It is advised that most of the characteristics and functions examined in this study have been used to build and construct an integrated mobile health application.

Jenna N. Brogdon, Ashley Baer, Glenn Constant et al.

Coastal restoration projects often require sediment resources borrowed from estuarine or marine ecosystems. A generalized additive modeling (GAM) framework was used to characterize fish-habitat relationships and predict spatiotemporal and ontogenetic shifts of Gulf sturgeon distribution within an impacted estuary in the northern Gulf of Mexico, Lake Pontchartrain. Habitat use and movement of Gulf sturgeon (n = 103) was monitored using an array of acoustic receivers (n = 81) from 2016 to 2019. Telemetry data was paired with environmental conditions hindcast from a high-resolution hydrodynamic model to develop GAMs for three life stages of Gulf sturgeon: juvenile, sub-adult, and adult. Model results demonstrated clear spatial, temporal, and ontogenetic shifts in habitat use for Gulf sturgeon in the Lake Pontchartrain estuary. The importance of spatial and temporal variables in the final models of all life stages suggests that distribution of Gulf sturgeon within the estuary is more likely driven by biology (prey distribution) rather than environment. Interestingly, dependence of Gulf sturgeon on the estuary for overwintering habitat declined with ontogeny. The northeastern shoreline of Lake Pontchartrain was identified as potential nursery habitat for overwintering juvenile sturgeon from the Pearl River, while eastern portions of the estuary and associated channels provide critical staging habitat and corridors of connectivity for migrating sub-adult and adult sturgeon. Given the clear need to prioritize conservation of Gulf sturgeon while restoring coastal marshes, findings from this study provide needed information to shape future coastal restoration and inform the siting and timing of future dredging operations in Lake Pontchartrain.

Faisal Faisal, Mutiafatma Arum Hapsari, Corina Joseph et al.

This study explores the disclosure practices of gender equality in sustainable development goals. It investigates the extent to which companies disclose gender equality and what factors influence the sustainable development goals related to gender equality disclosure. The study analyzed 148 sustainability reports from 75 public companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2019. It used twenty-two items sourced from the Global Reporting Initiative to measure gender equality disclosure using content analysis. The results showed that the average disclosure of gender equality is satisfactory at 54.5%. However, the number of incidents of discrimination and corrective actions taken is the least disclosed. The study also highlights the impact of company characteristics, such as leverage, company size, and industry type on gender equality disclosure. Gender equality disclosure practices provide valuable insights into how businesses shape their strategies to address sustainable development goals, particularly gender-related issues. By exploring gender-specific disclosures, regulators, companies, and other stakeholders can make practical contributions to advancing sustainable development goals. Gender equality disclosures are still largely unexplored in the business literature. Previous studies have focused primarily on developed countries and have examined only the general aspect of disclosing human resources or human capital information. Our study, on the other hand, emphasizes more specific information about gender equality.

lida Malekzadeh, Seyedeh Zahra Emadi, zahra naghsh

Abstract This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Schema Therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and Emotional Behavior Regulation in mothers with children with learning disabilities. Based on purpose the research was applied with a semi-experimental design with pre-test, and post-test. The statistical population of the study was mothers of children with learning disabilities in Tehran in the first six months of 1400. The sample consisted of 30 mothers who were selected as the final sample by purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of experiments and control (each Group 15 mothers). Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Garnefski and Kraaij (2002) and Emotional Behavior Regulation by Garnefski and Kraaij (2019) were used. The experimental group received eight sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and the control group received no therapy. The results of covariance analysis showed that the Perceived Stress and Emotional Behavior Regulation was significantly different in the experimental group (P0.01). So Schema Therapy can be used effectively on cognitive emotion regulation and Emotional Behavior Regulation in mothers with children with learning disabilities. Keywords: Schema Therapy, Cognitive Emotion Regulation, Emotional Behavior Regulation.       Extended Abstract Introduction Learning disability is a neurodevelopmental disorder with biological roots that has three characteristics of reading, writing and mathematics. This disorder affects the normal pattern of learning (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Research has shown that parents of children with learning disabilities experience more stress and difficulties in dealing with adverse situations compared to other parents (Gupta, 2007; Suzuki, Kobayashi, Moriyama, Kaja, & Enakagi, 2013). Stress is a general reaction to environmental demands and pressures and is associated with the limitation of people's emotional resources to effectively cope with these demands (Emond, Eyck, Kasmerelli, Robinson, Stillar, & Bledrein, 2016; Anioja & Aniojoti, 2016). Therefore, cognitive and behavioral regulation of emotion is necessary for parents with children with learning disabilities. Emotion regulation includes adjusting or maintaining experiences and expressing negative and positive emotions and indicates the type of emotion experienced, its occurrence, intensity, duration, and how to express it (Gross, 1998; Gross and Thompson, 2007). In this research, has been noted to two dimensions of cognitive and behavioral regulation of emotion. Cognitive regulation of emotion is the way of cognitive processing of a person when facing unfortunate and stressful events (Garnefski, Ban and Kraij, 2005). The cognitive regulation of emotion can be defined as the cognitive method of managing emotionally stimulated information (Pathoff, Garnevsky, Miklosi, Domingos-Sánchez et al., 2016). People who have the cognitive skills of emotional regulation can reduce or manage negative emotions well, and there is a significant relationship between emotion regulation by reducing self-harm and reducing emotional problems such as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. There is (Zofari and Khademi Ashkazari, 2019). Behavioral emotion regulation also evaluates the behavioral strategies that people use to regulate their emotions after stressful or negative events. According to the findings of Garnevsky and Kraich (2019) and Tona (2020), distraction, active coping, and seeking social support are more adaptive methods to cope with stressful events, while avoidance and ignoring are less adaptive strategies. There are different approaches to helping mothers with children with learning disabilities, and one of these approaches is schema therapy. Schema therapy was founded by Yang, Klosko, and Vishar (2003) and its main goal is to change and improve the initial maladaptive schemas and it is possible to create a healthy schema (Peters et al., 2021). In the approach of schema therapy, the focus is on increased awareness and insight and the understanding of the role of schemas in maintaining problem-causing situations, as well as adjusting the activation and action of schemas (Heuntjen, Rijkboer and Arntz, 2019). Despite conducting numerous researches on the effect of schema therapy, research findings on the effect of schema therapy on mothers with children with learning disabilities are very limited. Therefore, considering the existing gap and the importance of providing effective interventions in the field of cognitive and behavioral regulation of emotion, the present study aims to investigate the effect of schema therapy on the cognitive and behavioral regulation of emotion in mothers with children with learning disabilities. Research Question Is schema therapy effective on cognitive and behavioral emotion regulation of mothers with children with learning disabilities? Literature Review Hertz and Evans (2021), showed that schema therapy through cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal and experimental interventions has reduced depressive rumination and avoidance behaviors, as well as increased the frequency of positive mood. Dadmo et al. (2018), also showed in research that schema therapy is one of the most important treatments in the treatment of personality disorders, and with schema therapy techniques, emotion regulation can be created in these people. Methodology The current research was semi-experimental and the research design was pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this study included mothers of children with learning disabilities in Tehran in the first six months of 1400. The research sample included 30 mothers of children with learning disabilities, whose children attended exceptional elementary schools. Among the volunteer mothers, 30 mothers were randomly selected based on the entry and exit criteria. Then, cognitive and behavioral emotion regulation questionnaires were presented to them. Then these 30 mothers were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups (15 mothers in the experimental group and 15 mothers in the control group). In the next step, the mothers in the experimental group received schema therapy for two months, while the control group did not benefit from this intervention during the research process. After the end of the intervention period, both groups answered the mentioned questionnaires again and the results of the two groups were analyzed with statistical methods of univariate covariance analysis. Results The mean and standard deviation of the dependent variables of the research in the pre-test and post-test stages, separated by two experimental and control groups, are presented in Table 1. Table 1. The mean and standard deviation of the scores of cognitive emotion regulation and Emotional Behavior Regulation in two stages of measurement according to the experimental and control groups   Variable Stage experimental control   Mean Standard Deviation Mean Standard Deviation cognitive emotion regulation Pretest 13.55 3.04 17.08 .902 Posttest 18.22 .183 17.02 .712 Emotional Behavior Regulation Pretest 11.61 93.3 68.15 1.98 Posttest 15.37 81.3 .2514 2.04 In order to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy based on cognitive regulation and emotional behavior, univariate covariance analysis was used. Before conducting this test, the assumptions of the normality of the distribution of scores, the homogeneity of the variance of the variables and the equality of the slope of the regression line were checked and all the assumptions were met.     Table 2.The results of covariance analysis to compare the cognitive emotion regulation in the experimental group and the control group     MS df F P-value Effect size Pretest 27.37213 1 .34210 0010. 760. group 40.61689 1 28.309 001.0 840. error .5312655 66       total 1174792 69       Table 2 shows the results of covariance analysis to compare the scores of cognitive emotion regulation in the experimental and control groups in the post-test phase. The obtained F value is equal to 309.28 and its significance level is less than 0.001 (p<0.001). Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected and the research hypothesis is confirmed. Based on this and considering the higher average scores of the experimental group in the post-test, it can be concluded that schema therapy has been effective in increasing the cognitive regulation of emotion. In the following, the effectiveness of schema therapy on the behavioral regulation of emotions has been investigated using the covariance analysis test. Table 3. The results of covariance analysis to compare the Emotional Behavior Regulation in the experimental group and the control group   MS df F P-value Effect size Pretest 27.27413 1 33289. 001.0 74.0 group 40.48689 1 40.404 001.0 .780 error 53/10655 66       total 7479210 69       Table 3 shows the results of the analysis of covariance to compare the emotional regulation scores in the experimental and control groups in the post-test phase. The obtained F value is equal to 404.4 and its significance level is less than 0.001 (p<0.001). Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected and the research hypothesis is confirmed. Based on this and considering the higher average scores of the experimental group in the post-test, it can be concluded that schema therapy has been effective in increasing the behavioral regulation of emotion. Discussion The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of schema therapy on increasing the cognitive regulation of emotion and the regulation of emotional behavior in mothers with children with learning disabilities. The results showed that schema therapy has a significant effect on increasing the cognitive regulation of emotion and the regulation of emotional behavior in mothers with children with learning disabilities. Conclusion The results of this research showed that schema therapy can lead to the reduction of interpersonal problems and emotional instability and emotion regulation by using cognitive therapy. In schema therapy, substituting adaptive management solutions leads to an increase in the regulation of emotions in the individual. In this treatment, by changing incompatible schemas, a person, in facing life events, replaces ineffective coping strategies with adaptive strategies and withdraws his avoidant and negative evaluation. In other words, schema therapy provides conditions for people to use normal and adaptive strategies. Using adaptive strategies increases the mental capacity of people, which in turn improves the regulation of emotions in people. Acknowledgments In the end, we would like to express our gratitude to all those who helped the authors in the implementation and compilation of the article.

Marios Koniaris, Dimitris Galanis, Eugenia Giannini et al.

The increasing amount of legal information available online is overwhelming for both citizens and legal professionals, making it difficult and time-consuming to find relevant information and keep up with the latest legal developments. Automatic text summarization techniques can be highly beneficial as they save time, reduce costs, and lessen the cognitive load of legal professionals. However, applying these techniques to legal documents poses several challenges due to the complexity of legal documents and the lack of needed resources, especially in linguistically under-resourced languages, such as the Greek language. In this paper, we address automatic summarization of Greek legal documents. A major challenge in this area is the lack of suitable datasets in the Greek language. In response, we developed a new metadata-rich dataset consisting of selected judgments from the Supreme Civil and Criminal Court of Greece, alongside their reference summaries and category tags, tailored for the purpose of automated legal document summarization. We also adopted several state-of-the-art methods for abstractive and extractive summarization and conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the methods using both human and automatic metrics. Our results: (i) revealed that, while extractive methods exhibit average performance, abstractive methods generate moderately fluent and coherent text, but they tend to receive low scores in relevance and consistency metrics; (ii) indicated the need for metrics that capture better a legal document summary’s coherence, relevance, and consistency; (iii) demonstrated that fine-tuning BERT models on a specific upstream task can significantly improve the model’s performance.

Allis J. Choi, Xuying Xin

Data curation is the process of managing data to make it available for reuse and preservation and to allow FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) uses. It is an important part of the research lifecycle as researchers are often either required by funders or generally encouraged to preserve the dataset and make it discoverable and reusable. This has been especially important as the Open Access (OA) policy is being implemented in many institutions across the nation. In facilitating research data discovery and enhancing its easier reuse, an efficient data repository and its data curation play key roles. In this article, we briefly discuss the local institutional repository at Penn State University and the general data curation practices we adopt for the deposited files and datasets, then we focus on a data analytics tool that has recently been applied to extract tabular data from PDF files. This is an enhancement to the existing data curation practices as it adds additional tabular data to deposits with PDF files where tables are often embedded and not easily reused.

Bertrand MOCQUET

The advent of digital technologies in academic organizations is not new. Several movements have taken place in the last thirty years or so, with the beginning of computerization of university management dating back to the 1990s. This article proposes to make a feedback between 2016 and 2020 on the modalities of construction of the information systems of 180 French universities and institutions, made by the Agency for the Mutualisation of Universities and Institutions (Amue), by mutualisation and collective construction, commonly called co-construction. We will show that the current IS construction is based on Engeström's theory of activity and that the community of practice plays an important role in the success of this construction.

K. Oellers-Frahm, A. Zimmermann

Mercedes Arguello-Casteleiro, Robert Stevens, Julio Des-Diz et al.

Abstract Background Deep Learning opens up opportunities for routinely scanning large bodies of biomedical literature and clinical narratives to represent the meaning of biomedical and clinical terms. However, the validation and integration of this knowledge on a scale requires cross checking with ground truths (i.e. evidence-based resources) that are unavailable in an actionable or computable form. In this paper we explore how to turn information about diagnoses, prognoses, therapies and other clinical concepts into computable knowledge using free-text data about human and animal health. We used a Semantic Deep Learning approach that combines the Semantic Web technologies and Deep Learning to acquire and validate knowledge about 11 well-known medical conditions mined from two sets of unstructured free-text data: 300 K PubMed Systematic Review articles (the PMSB dataset) and 2.5 M veterinary clinical notes (the VetCN dataset). For each target condition we obtained 20 related clinical concepts using two deep learning methods applied separately on the two datasets, resulting in 880 term pairs (target term, candidate term). Each concept, represented by an n-gram, is mapped to UMLS using MetaMap; we also developed a bespoke method for mapping short forms (e.g. abbreviations and acronyms). Existing ontologies were used to formally represent associations. We also create ontological modules and illustrate how the extracted knowledge can be queried. The evaluation was performed using the content within BMJ Best Practice. Results MetaMap achieves an F measure of 88% (precision 85%, recall 91%) when applied directly to the total of 613 unique candidate terms for the 880 term pairs. When the processing of short forms is included, MetaMap achieves an F measure of 94% (precision 92%, recall 96%). Validation of the term pairs with BMJ Best Practice yields precision between 98 and 99%. Conclusions The Semantic Deep Learning approach can transform neural embeddings built from unstructured free-text data into reliable and reusable One Health knowledge using ontologies and content from BMJ Best Practice.

Yuan Xue, Wei Su, Dong Yang et al.

Ultrawideband (UWB) wireless communication is a promising spread-spectrum technology for accurate localization among devices characterized by a low transmission power, a high rate and immunity to multipath propagation. The accurately of the clock synchronization algorithm and the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) localization algorithm provide precise position information of mobile nodes with centimeter-level accuracy for the UWB localization system. However, the reliability of target node localization for multi-area localization remains a subject of research. Especially for dynamic and harsh indoor environments, an effective scheme among competing target nodes for localization due to the scarcity of radio resources remains a challenge. In this paper, we present RMLNet, an approach focus on the medium access control (MAC) layer, which guarantees general localization application reliability on multi-area localization. Specifically, the design requires specific and optimized solutions for managing and coordinating multiple anchor nodes. In addition, an approach for target area determination is proposed, which can approximately determine the region of the target node by the received signal strength indication (RSSI), to support RMLNet. Furthermore, we implement the system to estimate the localization of the target node and evaluate its performance in practice. Experiments and simulations show that RMLNet can achieve localization application reliability multi-area localization with a better localization performance of competing target nodes.

Mauro Guerrini

The Paris Principles of 1961, resulting from a meeting between the leading librarians of the day, and the Florentine experience with the Bibliografia nazionale italiana (BNI), a site subject to international pressures and at the heart of Italian cataloguing policy, are at the basis of the concept of Principi di catalogazione e regole italiane. Maltese was of the view that the Italian code of 1956 should be completely overhauled, leading to a “consistent system of clearly formulated basic principles”. The quotation of A.D. Osborn “Cataloging is an art, and as an art it is technical. Its basic rules are actually rather few and simple, and, in so far as the rules are kept few and simple, it is a delightful art to practice” (The Library Quarterly, 11 (1941) pp. 394−305) is the key to the reading of the work. Osborn (writing in 1941, twenty years before the Paris Principles), was hoping for rules that did not relate simply to particular cases, and that were unburdened by non-essential questions; Maltese’s reference to Osborn relates above all to the general method that he wishes to adopt: the abandonment of a legalistic code that proceeds case by case and is, hence, always “behind” with regard to the concrete manifestation and evolution of various types of publication; both are, instead, in favour of a code consisting of a small number of principles, serving as a guide, given the impossibility of foreseeing, recognizing and providing for every bibliographic eventuality. This philosophy takes maximum advantage of the professionalism and discernment of the cataloguer; the cataloguer, in fact, is called upon to use both competency and good sense − based on principles incorporated in “few and simple” rules − to adopt the solution that is most effective for the concrete context in which the catalogue is placed. The volume issues a powerful call for a return to responsible cataloguing and to the use of precise terminology. In this way, Maltese accords significant recognition to the profession, a testimony that marks a stimulating period in its history which, in the eighties and nineties, was subject to attempts at disruption, with drastic cutbacks in cataloguers and the widespread notion that anyone was capable of cataloguing.

Hafeezullah Memon, Hua Wang, Enock Kiptoo Langat

The aim of this paper is to study wool fiber resources from Kenya that have been obtained from different breeds in order to characterize the basic properties of their wool to help improve the economic value of Kenyan wool. The Kenyan sheep industry has received less attention in terms of research and development when compared with large livestock. Wool quality and yield are essential to obtaining good returns in the international market. This study was conducted to analyze the wool yields and qualitative index of Kenyan sheep. The wool samples were taken from 95 crossbreed Dorper sheep comprising 23 males and 72 females between the ages of one and five years. Wool samples from the shoulders, flanks, back belly and legs were taken for analysis. The mean fleece weight was 2.04 &plusmn; 0.06 kg, with coefficient of variation of 37% for all the selected sheep; the average for the males was 2.06 &plusmn; 0.06 kg and the average for females was 2.02 &plusmn; 0.08 kg. The variation in the fleece weight was in the range of 0.7&ndash;3.3 kg. The yield percentages and impurities were analyzed and reported. The wide variations in fleece weight, the increase in sheep population and the trend of raw wool export suggests that there is potential for improving economic traits. Kenya can obtain trade benefits related to the wool industry by becoming a member of International Wool Trade Organization and by following economically sustainable practical approaches. It is essential to have good international and regional cooperation with countries that can share knowledge and training as well as marketing and information.

Sandeep Sricharan Mukku, Nurendra Choudhary, R. Mamidi

M. Reid, E. Hultink, T. Marion et al.

Joanna Gutmann, Felizian Kühbeck, P. Berberat et al.

The ubiquity of the internet and computer-based technologies has an increasing impact on higher education and the way students access information for learning. Moreover, there is a paucity of information about the quantitative and qualitative use of learning media by the current student generation. In this study we systematically analyzed the use of digital and non-digital learning resources by undergraduate medical students. Daily online surveys and semi-structured interviews were conducted with a cohort of 338 third year medical students enrolled in a general pharmacology course. Our data demonstrate a predominant use of digital over non-digital learning resources (69 ± 7% vs. 31 ± 7%; p 300 pages) (10.6 ± 3.3%), internet search (7.9 ± 1.6%) and e-learning cases (7.6 ± 3.0%). When comparing learning media use of teaching vs. pre-exam self-study periods, textbooks were used significantly less during self-study (-55%; p < 0.01), while exam questions (+334%; p < 0.01) and e-learning cases (+176%; p < 0.01) were utilized more. Taken together, our study revealed a high prevalence and acceptance of digital learning resources by undergraduate medical students, in particular mobile applications.

P. Ciccarese, S. Soiland-Reyes, Khalid Belhajjame et al.

Provenance is a critical ingredient for establishing trust of published scientific content. This is true whether we are considering a data set, a computational workflow, a peer-reviewed publication or a simple scientific claim with supportive evidence. Existing vocabularies such as Dublin Core Terms (DC Terms) and the W3C Provenance Ontology (PROV-O) are domain-independent and general-purpose and they allow and encourage for extensions to cover more specific needs. In particular, to track authoring and versioning information of web resources, PROV-O provides a basic methodology but not any specific classes and properties for identifying or distinguishing between the various roles assumed by agents manipulating digital artifacts, such as author, contributor and curator. We present the Provenance, Authoring and Versioning ontology (PAV, namespace http://purl.org/pav/): a lightweight ontology for capturing “just enough” descriptions essential for tracking the provenance, authoring and versioning of web resources. We argue that such descriptions are essential for digital scientific content. PAV distinguishes between contributors, authors and curators of content and creators of representations in addition to the provenance of originating resources that have been accessed, transformed and consumed. We explore five projects (and communities) that have adopted PAV illustrating their usage through concrete examples. Moreover, we present mappings that show how PAV extends the W3C PROV-O ontology to support broader interoperability. The initial design of the PAV ontology was driven by requirements from the AlzSWAN project with further requirements incorporated later from other projects detailed in this paper. The authors strived to keep PAV lightweight and compact by including only those terms that have demonstrated to be pragmatically useful in existing applications, and by recommending terms from existing ontologies when plausible. We analyze and compare PAV with related approaches, namely Provenance Vocabulary (PRV), DC Terms and BIBFRAME. We identify similarities and analyze differences between those vocabularies and PAV, outlining strengths and weaknesses of our proposed model. We specify SKOS mappings that align PAV with DC Terms. We conclude the paper with general remarks on the applicability of PAV.

K. Chawla, Sushil Tripathi, L. Thommesen et al.

Eduard Axel Jorswieck