Hasil untuk "Industrial relations"

A. L. Lukin, V. I. Voloshchak, S. V. Sevastianov

The article presents a comparative study of the sanctions policy of Japan and the Republic of Korea towards Russia after February 2022 and the assessment of the impact of their sanctions on the development of Russian-Japanese and Russian-South Korean cooperation in the Russian Far East. Based on the results of the study of the economic ties of Russia, Japan, and South Korea (in the areas of trade, investment, finance, tourism, and transport) and their interaction in the educational and cultural-humanitarian spheres under sanctions restrictions, the authors come to the conclusion that the sanctions policy of Japan and South Korea towards Russia has a common basis due to their belonging to the “collective West,” and the anti-Russian measures they take are aimed at weakening the industrial and technological potential of the Russian Federation.At the same time, like most of their Western partners, Japan and South Korea are not ready to impose such sanctions that could cause significant damage to their own economic and strategic interests. There are important differences in the sanctions approaches of Japan and South Korea – Japan pursues a much tougher policy towards Russia, not only limiting exports to Russia, but also imposing a ban on imports of a number of goods from Russia. South Korea is much more willing to maintain ties with Russia and its Far Eastern territories, despite the unfavorable political situation, which is expressed, in particular, in the ongoing oficial contacts between Primorsky Krai and Vladivostok and a number of provinces and municipalities of the Republic of Korea. The authors suggest that ties between the Russian Far East and South Korea can be quickly restored once the situation around Ukraine is resolved, while the prospects for restoring relations with Japan look much less certain.

Joonmo Cho, Sanghee Lee, Byungjin Park

BackgroundPreviously, Korea showed a passive attitude toward home-based telework; however, this stance rapidly changed after the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustaining home-based telework entails adjusting productivity conditions, introducing performance-based evaluations, and modifying employment rules, as required by the Korean Labor Standards Act, which demand the consent of most workers. This study aims to explore the societal and institutional shifts necessary for ongoing home-based telework post-pandemic.MethodsThis study discusses the sustainability of home-based work based on survey data and materials from institutions and previous research. It used data from the Workplace Panel Survey provided by the Korea Labor Institution for 3 years (2015, 2017, and 2019) to examine the status of home-based work and business responses. It also addresses legal issues related to changes in working conditions and worker-management agreements resulting from telework implementation. Legal aspects of telework are explained using relevant sections of Korea’s labor laws.ResultsTo establish home-based telework as a working method relevant to the Fourth Industrial Revolution after the pandemic, essential discussions are needed regarding its fundamental applicability to specific job sectors. Moreover, to activate home-based telework without deteriorating working conditions, achieving agreement between workers and management is imperative. However, legal complexities necessitate systemic changes for effective resolution. For the sustainable continuity of telework, a blend of societal awareness and institutional transformations is indispensable.DiscussionThe growth of home-based telework through untact technology expansion is hindered by inflexible Korean labor laws, judicial precedents, and worker-management relations. The absence of necessary legal and organizational changes could lead Korea to revert to pre-pandemic norms or slow implementation. Initially prevalent in IT, home-based telework has expanded across sectors due to the pandemic. Leading the “new normal,” companies creatively enhance productivity through telework, but rigid systems and outdated cultures could impede post-pandemic progress.ConclusionThe study highlights the need for forward-looking institutional changes and adaptation to advancing technology. It provides valuable insights for organizations and policymakers to optimize work dynamics and enhance employee and employer well-being in the post-COVID-19 era.

Yusuf Alper

The Turkish social insurance system has practically turned into Lego blocks in terms of legislation regulating social insurance rights and obligations with frequent interventions. In the past, Türkiye’s Social Insurance Act No. 506 and Pension Fund Act No. 5434 are single-roof laws that aim to consolidate the disparate social insurance system. Türkiye’s Social Insurance and General Health Insurance Act No. 5510 is also a single-roof law that was prepared and put into effect for the same reasons. However, in the past 16 years since the enactment of Act No. 5510, the need for a comprehensive rearrangement has emerged through the frequent interventions similar to previous periods. In short, the Turkish social insurance system is again on its way to the work-break-rework dilemma.

Marion MARCHET

Through the case study of Euclid, an inner-ring and formerly industrial suburb of Cleveland, Ohio, this paper focuses on patterns of African American suburbanization into spaces of “in-betweenness” of Midwestern suburbia. At first largely understudied at the expense of more traditional and affluent suburban spaces, yet under closer scrutiny since the 2014 Black Lives Matter uprising in Ferguson, Missouri, these suburban spaces became in the last quarter of the 20th century privileged sites for a more fragile yet mobile section of the “New Black Middle Class.” Through archival work and oral history interviews, this article seeks to document their upward-mobile journeys that began in the course of the 1970s from the center of Cleveland, sometimes elsewhere, and into Euclid. It will attempt to demonstrate more precisely the extent to which, before becoming powerful barometers of the state of racial relations in the twenty-first century United States, these suburban spaces carried at first many of the dreams and ambitions of an intermediary segment of the African American population claiming its share of material comfort and security in the post-Civil Rights era.

R.V. Sevastyanov

The article investigates international trade activity of Ukraine for the period 2018-2020. Ukrainian companies tend to be providing integration into global value chains. The research confirms positive dynamics in foreign trade of Ukraine for the period 2018-2020. The Ukrainian enterprises mainly exports low value-added goods and imports high value-added goods. Development of Ukraine's economy requires successful integration into global production and distribution networks with a reduction in the processing of raw materials with insignificant added value. The research confirms positive dynamics in foreign trade of Ukraine for the period 2018-2020. The research methods used in the study are as follows: analysis and study of literature, scientific description, Internet research, statistical and structural survey, data sheet presentation. The research proved that the economic relations between Ukraine and trade partners demonstrate significant increase of the foreign trade within the global value chains (GVC). Ukrainian companies tend to be providing integration into global value chains. Agricultural and industrial products exported from Ukraine accounted for 42.1% of the total international sales in 2020. Recommendations for Ukraine's integration into global and regional business services can include developing services in context of GVC, developing international cooperation between enterprises on global business platforms. The basis for successful integration into GVC must be the development of innovative ecosystems of industrial high technologies. It is important to develop innovative industrial high-tech ecosystems for successful integration into GVC. Ukrainian exports are dominated by metallurgical and agricultural products. Its feature is the high proportion of intermediate goods used as a source material for the production of other final consumer goods. The author tries to formulate modern directions of development for further integration of the Ukrainian economy into global and regional value chains. Recommendations for Ukraine's integration into global and regional business services can include developing services, developing international cooperation between enterprises on global business platforms.

Oleg Moroz

The aim of the article is to highlight the state of organization of labor remuneration of employees and the existing problematic aspects of this process in Ukraine. To achieve this goal it is planned to solve, in particular, such tasks as: to consider the concept of "remuneration" as a legal and socio-economic category; to study the processes associated with the organization of employee compensation; to determine the influence of external environment factors on the organization of remuneration; to provide suggestions for improving the organization of employee compensation in the form of conclusions. The object of the study is the labor relations associated with the implementation of the right to wages. The subject of the study are processes in the field of remuneration of labor and their relationship with the requirements of Ukrainian legislation. In terms of legal assessment the concept of "remuneration" is wider than the concept of "wages", which is only a part of remuneration in the process of its organization. From the point of view of coverage of labor remuneration as a socio-economic category, it is necessary to refer to the characteristic of remuneration functions – its purpose, role, component of practical activity on coordination and realization of interests of the main subjects of relations in the process of entrepreneurial activity. Remuneration of labor, as compensation to employees for the cost of their labor force, is not an exclusive component of the employer's personnel costs. Therefore, the organization of remuneration of employees can be presented in the form of a certain complex of measures, which should be based on certain principles. The basis of effective organization of labor remuneration is an objective assessment of certain factors affecting both the labor activity of an employee and his labor behavior. Employers' approaches to remuneration depend on how an individual employee (or group) is perceived in terms of their participation in individual business processes and/or in the business as a whole (as individual elements of the business, as human resources or as human capital). Improvement of remuneration processes of employees consists in the transformation of existing industrial and social relations between the employer and employees from ensuring satisfaction of labor activity to their loyalty to the processes they perform and the organization in which they work in general, as well as the involvement of employees in the economic activity of both individual structural subdivisions of this organization and the organization as a whole. In order to achieve this goal, certain areas of remuneration organization activities and proposals for the order of development of employee remuneration systems are proposed. Among the problematic aspects of the organization of workers' compensation is a certain simplification of the approach and distancing of the "decision-making centers" both on personnel management in general and in the organization of workers' compensation, in particular, from the realities of business processes occurring against the background of depreciation (from a worldview perspective) of the executive labor process, especially in the areas of material production. Among the main directions of the external environment, the factors of which influence the state of organization of labor remuneration in Ukraine, certain problem aspects of both legislative and contractual regulation of labor remuneration, as well as improvement of the general state of the labor market of Ukraine and the level of its research on labor remuneration issues were singled out.

Dmitry A. Davydov

In the article, post-capitalism is viewed not as a prospect of a progressive movement towards a brighter future, but as archaization – the establishment of social relations reminiscent of pre-capitalist ones. Concepts are considered, the authors of which point to the corresponding tendencies: parcelling of sovereignty, merging of economic and political power, blocking the paths of upward mobility, class and caste character of social stratification, and much more. The article substantiates that the reasons for these trends should be sought not only in neoliberalism. The author puts forward the thesis that some of the phenomena associated with modernist progress (increasing the share of the middle class in society, accelerating social mobility, etc.) were a historical exception because, thanks to the industrial revolution, the broad masses of workers acquired a significant “negotiation” advantage in the form of a well-sold labour force involved in material production. This advantage disappears as production becomes more automated and the creative economy grows. Creative “labour” is much more difficult to sell due to the unpredictability of the creative process itself. Economic elites, in turn, rarely invest directly in “human capital”, preferring to look for talents and “appropriate” them, rather than develop them on a massive scale. This leads to the corresponding transformations of the social structure. Nevertheless, the article argues that the terms referring to the past (neo-feudalism, etc.) are unlikely to be suitable for a correct assessment of the current situation. We are in a different situation when the omnipotence of the “neo-feudal” can quite be countered by a perspective in which the universal and purposeful acceleration of scientific and technological progress is accompanied by a growing demand for maximizing the realization of everyone's talents.

Huang Yurong, Wang Qing, and Hao Yunhui

As a wave of innovation, arising from the post-industrial society in the West, the Maker Movement is showing its unique characteristics in China after being transmitted from the West. The sudden rise of the “Chinese version of Maker Movement” (the Movement) is closely related to the national strategy of “widespread entrepreneurship and innovation”. Through festivalmaking activities and the localization of makerspaces, China has redefined the international maker culture. The impact of the Movement in China has extended extensively and profoundly to the fields of economy, education and culture. In the economic field, the Movement has promoted the popularization of the means of production, changed the relations of production, and created the new economic engine through innovations in economic systems. In the field of education, it has fostered innovative talents through the promotion of deeper learning and educational fairness. In terms of culture, it has enriched the spirit of culture, improved cultural patterns, and innovated cultural concepts. In the coming years, the Movement in China is likely to power the following trends: First, it will develop rapidly as a new economic model and business form; second, it will be more popular in forms of popularization and entertainment; third, the Movement will spread from cities to villages; fourth, even though the Movement may be temporarily halted due to potential failures to break through constraints such as technology, markets, policies, and funds, the Movement in China will generally present a spiraling upward trend.

Jéssica Novo, Susana Costa e Silva, Vitor Verdelho

The Stop Musical Center became in three decades the largest community of musicians in Portugal, a phenomenon that has been studied at a national level. However, despite the cluster that was formed in this space, there have been no visible actions to promote Stop and boost the growth of the musicians installed there. It is therefore relevant to analyze this phenomenon in terms of existing cooperation relationships and the possibility of creating collective actions with positive impact on unorganized creative clusters. To this end, we have used the theory of industrial networks and cooperative relations, which have been the object of study by the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing Group. This case study is a descriptive investigation that analyzes the groups: bands and musicians; production studios; locations; and other relevant actors. Semi-structured interviews were used in a representative sample of the reality in question. In the conclusions we suggested collective actions for the growth and promotion of Stop as a musical center and similar creative networks, based on the work developed.

Anders Buch

This issue contains nine fascinating articles that reflect on central issues in contemporary working life in the Nordic countries. The articles deal with empirical issues in relation to gender, work life quality, professionalization, unions, organizational intervention, industrial relations, and the authors adopt different theoretical and methodological frameworks in their research.

Titenko A. V., Shyrokostup S. M.

Modern environmental management system should be based not on generalized criteria and indicators included in the statistical database, and the individual characteristics of each locality as a separate socio-economic and environmental object relations "city-suburban zone." In this case, solving local environmental problems will be most effective. Purpose. To develop a system of indicators for solving the problem of solid waste disposal in the system of ecological management of territories. Results. According to the social criteria, the following indicators and characteristics of the locality are proposed: the population, the number of able-bodied population, the number of people actually working, the number of people working directly at their place of residence, the number of people working in the central cities, the number of educational and educational institutions, and Social institutions, availability of administrative management. The economic criteria include: the state of the road transport system, the commercial and industrial complex, the development of the settlement, recreation areas, artificial lighting of the settlement, housing and communal services. Among the natural factors that are used as criteria: the distance from the city center; Adjacent distance; Girder-beam system; The presence of water objects; Main environmental problems; Availability of territories and objects of the nature reserve fund; Land occupied by agriculture. Conclusions. Provided that it is properly created and implemented, the system will be separately (individually) developed by the system Ecological management of the territory, which includes all the current and actual indicators and criteria for a separate settlement.

N. V. Popova

Introduction. The basic contradiction between market relations and social sphere is distinguished from the main sources of negative phenomena among young people and failures in realization of youth policy. Substitution of social production goals by its means, a sharp distortion towards a primacy of market economy with its only indicator of success in the form of money deform a process of formation of a personality of a young specialist both in professional, and in sociocultural plans. As a rule, management teams of enterprises expect the generation of young workers to possess initiative and role behaviour which consists in highly skilled independent performance of production functions. At the same time, creative importance of «Person – Person» relations is underestimated. In this regard, questions of social-moral education of young personnel are brought into focus, whereas providing and further increase in competitiveness of production in many respects depends on their decision.The aim of the present article is to conceptualize spiritual and moral foundations of youth policy implementation in a real sector of the economy.Methodology and research methods. The research methodology involves a comprehensive application of anthropological, ontological and axiological approaches. Dialectical method, method of historical and logical unity, statistical and comparative data analyses are used.Results and scientific novelty. Spiritual and moral characteristics of young workers which formation demands system educational measures are one of the most important development provisions of enterprises in new social and economic reality. The questions of realization of youth policy in real sector of economy, including Sverdlovsk region, are considered. The following concepts and aspects are analyzed from social and philosophical perspectives: the concept «spirituality»; features of mental phase of psychology and spiritual stages of consciousness; the concept «perfection» as a source of spirit; «spirit» as the ideal gene of socialization and foundation of mental health; «morality» as a source of human community and creative practice.It is stated that all directions and forms of work with youth at the enterprises have to promote formation of high spiritual and moral qualities; a person can not take place neither as a citizen, nor as an expert without having reached necessary spiritual level. Morality expands the horizon of consciousness of young people, allows them to understand social importance of common collective affairs; attainment of professional honour and responsibility for the results of own work by a worker are impossible without morality.Practical significance. Work organization of industrial enterprises for development and deployment of ethical codes and norms, implementation of special programs of moral education of working youth with attraction for this purpose of various experts (doctors, psychologists, sociologists, theologians, etc.) will surely turn back positive social and economic effect: increase in economic stability of an enterprise (also region and country in general); considerable reduction of turnover of staff; reduction of cases of industrial injuries; decrease in number of violations of labour discipline; absence without leave, and other deviations in behaviour of young workers.The materials and results of the investigation can be used as follows: organization of work with youth in real sector of economy; development of social technologies and science-based recommendations for the implementation of corporate youth policy; process of teaching of social philosophy, sociology, social psychology, management of professional career.

Editor Revista

Mykhailo Gauchman

The article deals with the collective actions of plant workers in Luhans’k (in Russian pronunciation – Lugansk) in labour conflicts during the First Russian revolution (1905–1907) and the First World War (1914–1918). This town was one of the main towns of industrial Donbas and the centre of Slovianoserbian district of Ekaterinoslavian province. The relationships between administration and workers in Luhans’k are investigated on the materials of clerical work of Ekaterinoslavian province and memoirs of participators on events. These sources are especially about the behaviour of workers from two big industrial enterprises – the Gartman plant and the Cartridges plant. In the crisis periods, such as revolutions and wars, the social-political relations are sharpened and changeable. And revolutions and wars left behind enough historical sources for studying workers’ history. In the Luhans’k’s enterprises, there were – during the First Russian Revolution – the general town’s strike in February 1905, the attempt of the strike to the 1st of May 1905 in the Gartman plant, the strike in the Gartman plant in July 1905, the mass unrest in December 1905, the attempt of the strike to the 1st of May 1906 in the Gartman plant, the lockout in the Gartman plant in March 1907 and the general town’s strike in July 1916 in the time of social-economics crisis during the First World War. The studying of strikes, attempts of strikes and mass unrests in 1905–1907 and 1916 allows defining some features of collective’s activity of plant’s workers: 1) the inconsistent solidarity of workers in the times of strikes. The general understanding of oppressed status and necessity of fighting for their rights spread among the workers during the strike’s waves, but this solidarity of workers didn’t cause to cooperative planned activities; 2) the crisis of vertical relationships between administrators and workers in the time of strikes of 1905 and 1916. In Patron plant subordination and paternalism were saved during the strike in February 1905, unlike in Gartman plant, but not in the strike in 1916; 3) the influence on workers of the revolutionary movement. Revolution ideas and local activists of illegal political parties were impacted by workers’ moods in crisis times. In 1905 increasing of social-democrats’ activity in Luhans’k was the aftermath of the town’s strikes. But in 1916 the spreading of revolution ideas preceded the emergence in workers’ dissatisfaction with their own situation during the social-economics crises, which was the cause of general town’s strike; 4) the workers’ capacity to spontaneous self-organization during strikes and making the continuous organization forms in the Gartman plant. In this enterprise in 1906 was formed two workers’ organizations: pawnshop and professional association. This association conflicted with the plant’s administration in 1907 and headed the strikes in 1906.

Braam (АА) Rust

This paper undertakes a review of the literature that examines the highlights and changes in specific external environmental factors (Ecology, Economy, Politics, Legislation and legal structures, and Society), between1994 and 2008 in South Africa, with the aim to ascertain how these factors affect the day-to-day labour relations in the workplace and add to sustainable development. These factors form the landscape for labour relations. Changes to them have consequences on the quality of labour relations, that is, inter alia, the frequency, and intensity of conflicts, disputes, demands and industrial actions. It is also evident that with its power and through the political system, the South African trade union was enhanced to shape the labour relations landscape. Labour laws were particularly designed to be worker friendly and to ensure that trade unions could use a fair collective bargaining system to spread the wealth of the mining industry, agriculture and other industries more evenly. Also, because of the alliance that exists between Labour and the ruling party (ANC), the economy was influenced so that economic policies could to a certain extent guide and steer economic growth, unemployment, inflation, interest rates and exchange rates. Trade unions were instruments in ensuring that formal changes in laws and policies did, in fact, reach and positively impact families and households within the social environment. Lastly, trade unions were the most effective instrument for heralding change within South Africa in the environmental fields of ecology, economy, politics, legislation and legal structures, as well as within society. Furthermore, these fields have interchangeably affected the labour relations landscape thereby indelibly shaping it between 1994 and 2008.

Ann Cecilie Bergene, Per Bonde Hansen

The Norwegian model of industrial relations has received a lot of praise. It is generally thought of as the pinnacle of the welfare state, a reason why Norway is not severely hit by crises, is highly adaptable, and thus still going strong. This article discusses the historical circumstances in which the model arose with a view to analyze the preconditions for its further existence, arguing that the model must be understood as consisting of, and thus dependent upon, shifting historical subjects. This calls for an analysis of the concrete interactions between various agents, and how it has changed over time and space. In this effort, historical accounts are combined with theories developed within the social sciences in order to explain the dynamics of these interactions. We will argue that the contemporary notion of a Norwegian model of industrial relations, and the accompanying praise, is an ahistorical conceptualization verging on a dogma, and that profound reconfigurations of power relations between the agents of labor and capital need to be taken into account.

Frédéric Goulet, Jean-Jacques Gabas, Eric Sabourin

In this article we analyze Brazilian and Chinese practices in terms of cooperation in Africa, focusing on the agricultural sector. While a great deal of work has analyzed the engagement of these emerging players from an international relations viewpoint, we develop a practice based analysis, involving the ethnographic observation of cooperation projects and institutions. Firstly we show that, although justification rhetoric insists on a break with post-colonial and “economically motivated” cooperation, the national programs of China and Brazil are closely linked to commercial and industrial interests. Secondly we show, particularly for Brazil, that the professionalization of cooperation activities remains a major challenge for South-South cooperation.

Dale Yoder

P. Nolan