[Abridged] In the late nineteenth century, Mars emerged as one of the most intensively reported astronomical objects in the popular press, driven by favourable oppositions, improved telescopic capabilities and growing speculation regarding planetary habitability. I examine how Mars was interpreted in Australian newspapers between the 1870s and 1899, focusing on the ways in which astronomical knowledge was framed, contextualised and debated within a colonial media environment. Drawing on a large collection of digitised newspaper articles, I analyse how observational authority, instrumental credibility and individual expertise were harnessed in press reporting. The paper situates Australian Mars coverage within a global network of scientific communication dominated by metropolitan centres in Europe and North America, while highlighting the distinctive role played by southern-hemisphere visibility. Australian observatories and observers were frequently positioned as contributors of confirmatory observation rather than interpretive leadership, reinforcing a pattern of locally grounded but internationally oriented scientific engagement. The analysis traces a shift from early emphasis on disciplined observation and measurement to later periods characterised by contested interpretations, particularly surrounding the so-called Martian "canals" and the speculative claims advanced by personalities such as Percival Lowell in the USA. By examining how newspapers mediated between observational astronomy, engineering analogies and popular imagination, this study contributes to a broader understanding of how planetary science entered public discourse beyond metropolitan centres. In doing so, it underscores the active role of colonial newspapers in shaping scientific meaning and situates Australian Mars reporting within the wider history of nineteenth-century astronomical culture.
The Malatya Ulu Mosque is one of the unique works of the Seljuk State in Anatolia in terms of its applied plan scheme, technical features, materials and ornaments. The decoration, ornamentation elements and glazed brick technique used in the mosque were influential in the development of Turkish-Islamic decorative art in Anatolia. The aim of this study is to analyze the ornaments of the Malatya Ulu Mosque, one of the architectural works of the Seljuk Period, and in this context, to draw attention to the importance of preserving cultural heritage through decorative elements. Considering the value of the building decorations of the period in terms of Turkish-Islamic architecture, it is understood that buildings with similar characteristics, especially the Malatya Ulu Mosque, need to be evaluated in depth in terms of their decorative features when they are taken under protection. In the study, the forms found in the ornaments on the east and west portals, the mihrab, and the courtyard of the Malatya Ulu Mosque were classified under four separate headings. According to this classification, each ornaments was examined morphologically at microscale using fractal analysis method. Accordingly, the results obtained show that the fractal values of the muqarnas on the crown gates are higher than those of the other decorative elements. These are followedby geometric interlaces and motifs, and vegetal motifs and moldings respectively. The fractal values of these three elements are quite close to each other. These data show that the muqarnas on the crown gate have a more complex geometry than the other decorative elements.
The "density limit" is one of the fundamental bounds on tokamak operating space, and is commonly estimated via the empirical Greenwald scaling. This limit has garnered renewed interest in recent years as it has become clear that ITER and many tokamak pilot plant concepts must operate near or above the Greenwald limit to achieve their objectives. Evidence has also grown that the Greenwald scaling - in its remarkable simplicity - may not capture the full complexity of the density limit. In this study, we assemble a multi-machine database to quantify the effectiveness of the Greenwald limit as a predictor of the L-mode density limit and compare it with data-driven approaches. We find that a boundary in the plasma edge involving dimensionless collisionality and pressure, $ν_{*\rm, edge}^{\rm limit} = 3.5 β_{T,{\rm edge}}^{-0.40}$, achieves significantly higher accuracy (false positive rate of 2.3% at a true positive rate of 95%) of predicting density limit disruptions than the Greenwald limit (false positive rate of 13.4% at a true positive rate of 95%) across a multi-machine dataset including metal- and carbon-wall tokamaks (AUG, C-Mod, DIII-D, and TCV). This two-parameter boundary succeeds at predicting L-mode density limits by robustly identifying the radiative state preceding the terminal MHD instability. This boundary can be applied for density limit avoidance in current devices and in ITER, where it can be measured and responded to in real time.
En este trabajo analizamos los usos materiales y festivos de los vestidos y tejidos asociados a la virreina en las fiestas por el nacimiento de Felipe Próspero en la ciudad de México (1658). En este relato fastuoso distinguimos cuatro espacios y circunstancias festivas: la catedral, el palacio, la máscara grave nocturna y los toros. De manera indistinta, los tejidos que tienen más presencia son el chamelote, la tela y el raso y, en todos los casos, queda constancia del esplendor de las joyas y de las puntas de hielo como complemento y adorno del traje.
El vestuario de la virreina se encuadra visualmente en la performance festiva y pone de manifiesto la ostentación encapsulada propia de su agencia femenina, alineándose en los espacios cerrados que la representan y dentro del linaje nobiliario en el que participa.
Gravito-inertial asteroseismology saw its birth thanks to high-precision CoRoT and Kepler space photometric light curves. So far, it gave rise to the internal rotation frequency of a few hundred intermediate-mass stars, yet only several tens of these have been weighed, sized, and age-dated with high precision from asteroseismic modelling. We aim to increase the sample of optimal targets for future gravito-inertial asteroseismology by assessing the properties of 15062 newly found Gaia DR3 gravity-mode pulsators. We also wish to investigate if there is any connection between their fundamental parameters and dominant mode on the one hand, and their spectral line broadening measured by Gaia on the other hand. After re-classifying about 22% of the F-type gravity-mode pulsators as B-type according to their effective temperature, we construct histograms of the fundamental parameters and mode properties of the 15062 new Gaia DR3 pulsators. We compare these histograms with those of 63 Kepler bona fide class members. We fit errors-in-variables regression models to couple the effective temperature, luminosity, gravity, and oscillation properties to the two Gaia DR3 parameters capturing spectral line broadening for a fraction of the pulsators. We find that the selected 15062 gravity-mode pulsators have properties fully in line with those of their well-known Kepler analogues, revealing that Gaia has a role to play in asteroseismology. The dominant g-mode frequency is a significant predictor of the spectral line broadening for the class members having this quantity measured. We show that the Gaia vbroad parameter captures the joint effect of time-independent intrinsic and rotational line broadening and time-dependent tangential pulsational broadening. Gaia was not desiged to detect non-radial oscillations, yet its homogeneous data treatment allow us to identify many new gravity-mode pulsators.
Joni Driessen, Joost de Kruijf, Joachim Arts
et al.
A Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) is a collection of connected parts in a system that is replaced when any part of the LRU fails. Companies use LRUs as a mechanism to reduce downtime of systems following a failure. The design of LRUs determines how fast a replacement is performed, so a smart design reduces replacement and downtime cost. A firm must purchase/repair a LRU upon failure, and large LRUs are more expensive to purchase/repair. Hence, a firm seeks to design LRUs such that the average costs per time unit are minimized. We formalize this problem in a new model that captures how parts in a system are connected, and how they are disassembled from the system. Our model optimizes the design of LRUs such that the replacement (and downtime) costs and LRU purchase/repair costs are minimized. We present a set partitioning formulation for which we prove a rare result: the optimal solution is integer, despite a non--integral feasible polyhedron. Secondly, we formulate our problem as a binary linear program. The paper concludes by numerically comparing the computation times of both formulations and illustrates the effects of various parameters on the model's outcome.
This study explores the influence of an interdisciplinary intervention on creative problem-solving skills. Literature deems such skills as vital for software engineering (SE) students in higher education. 39 SE students and graphic design (GD) students were randomly paired to work on an open-ended creative coding assignment in p5.js, an online JS-based Processing editor that makes it easy for novices to quickly and easily code visual webpages. Three categories were formed: the test group SE+GD (18 students), and control groups SE+SE (10) and GD+GD (11). A mixed methods approach was taken to gather and interpret results: Amabile's Consensual Assessment Technique provided a global creativity score for the finished product, the Creative Programming Problem Solving Test assessed three dimensions of the creative process (Ability, Mindset, Interaction), and 9 semi-structured follow-up interviews provided context and revealed underlying themes. The results indicate that, while the creativity of the end product initially takes a hit, the SE+GD groups' socio-interactive creativity levels increased. We also observed fixed mindsets towards creativity ("design students are more creative than we") that call for future work.
PURPOSE Tumor and target volume manual delineation remains a challenging task in head-and-neck cancer radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to conduct a multi-institutional evaluation of manual delineations of gross tumor volume (GTV), high-risk clinical target volume (CTV), parotids, and submandibular glands on treatment simulation MR scans of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) patients. METHODS Pre-treatment T1-weighted (T1w), T1-weighted with gadolinium contrast (T1w+C) and T2-weighted (T2w) MRI scans were retrospectively collected for 4 OPC patients under an IRB-approved protocol. The scans were provided to twenty-six radiation oncologists from seven international cancer centers who participated in this delineation study. In addition, patients' clinical history and physical examination findings, along with a medical photographic image and radiological results, were provided. The contours were compared using overlap/distance metrics using both STAPLE and pair-wise comparisons. Lastly, participants completed a brief questionnaire to assess participants' experience and CTV delineation institutional practices. RESULTS Large variability was measured between observers' delineations for GTVs and CTVs. The mean Dice Similarity Coefficient values across all physicians' delineations for GTVp, GTVn, CTVp, and CTVn were 0.77, 0.67, 0.77, and 0.69, respectively, for STAPLE comparison and 0.67, 0.60, 0.67, and 0.58, respectively, for pair-wise analysis. Normal tissue contours were defined more consistently when considering overlap/distance metrics. The median radiation oncology clinical experience was 7 years. The median experience delineating on MRI was 3.5 years. The GTV-to-CTV margin used was 10 mm for six of seven participant institutions. One institution used 8 mm and three participants (from three different institutions) used a margin of 5 mm. CONCLUSION The data from this study suggests that appropriate guidelines, contouring quality assurance sessions, and training are still needed for the adoption of MR-based treatment planning for head-and-neck cancers. Such efforts should play a critical role in reducing delineation variation and ensure standardization of target design across clinical practices.
If I looked closely and recognized my own cultural biases, as Jules Prown wisely recommends, could I understand how [Henry] Tuckerman’s experience shaped a response that was so different from mine?
La identidad humana necesita del reconocimiento social que pasa ineludiblemente por el lenguaje. La identidad es una de las dimensiones constitutivas de nuestra condición de seres humanos con capacidad moral. El ser conscientes de nuestra propia identidad nos permite dar sentido a nuestra vida. La pregunta ¿quién soy yo? sintetiza lo que nos distingue de los demás seres vivos; aquello que nos define como tal en el espacio y en el tiempo. El no ser conscientes de nuestra identidad nos podría llevar a una crisis existencial, el no saber quiénes somos, dónde nos encontramos ni por qué existimos. El hombre contemporáneo encantado por el consumismo materialista parece que ha dejado de preguntarse por su propia identidad, por su propio yo, y no busca dar sentido a su vida. Al hombre contemporáneo le preocupa en gran medida el disfrute hedonista de su vida personal. El ser humano es poseedor de una identidad que necesita ser reconocida por los demás. De ese modo se entrelazan identidad, reconocimiento y lenguaje. El lenguaje hace posible el reconocimiento de nuestras identidades.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Literature (General)
Nerea Gil Muñoz de la Nava, Marina Suárez Fernández, Guadalupe Cerezuela Sáenz de Buruaga
El diseño gráfico resulta tan cotidiano como inadvertido. De esta paradoja surge la necesidad de su actualización. Remitiéndose a su función más primigenia, la de comunicar, este artículo propone replantear el concepto desde la base con la intención de generar nuevas estrategias que despierten el interés en los públicos y multipliquen las posibilidades de la exposición en cuanto a experiencia dialéctica. Para este propósito las artes visuales sirven de inspiración y las nuevas tecnologías nos permiten experimentar con el diseño y creación de espacios de exposición.
Since the late 1960s, Michael Pearson’s work has been at the forefront of thestudy of the Indian Ocean World. Pearson’s unparalleled contribution to thefield has long been recognized by his pears. In 1981, the famed historian ofGoa, Teotonio R. de Souza, wrote in an introduction to one of Pearson’s booksthat it ‘will stand out as the best effort on the part of a non-Indian historianto do justice to the Indian component of Indo-Portuguese history.’ In 2004,Pearson spoke to this acclaim in an interview with Frederick Noronha, a journalist-publisher based in Goa. He said: ‘Certainly this is what I have wantedto achieve when I write about the Portuguese in India: to locate them in theIndian context in which they operated and by which they were constrained.This is a deliberate attempt to counter the triumphalism, and even racism, ofmuch Portuguese writing on their empire.’ But Pearson’s influence was notlimited to Goa and the coastal western India. Across nearly four decades ofwork, Pearson was always a leader in developing the longue durée approach tostudying the Indian Ocean World.To honor this influence, the editors of the Journal of Indian Ocean WorldStudies have compiled an exhaustive bibliography of Michael Pearson’s work.They have also appended short descriptions to some of his most importanttexts. Limited space meant that abstracts could not be attached to each reference. The editors decided that where they existed, abstracts written by Pearson or his co-editors would be prioritized. They then selected some of his works without abstracts to write their own abstracts or mini reviews (indicated with **). Particular prominence has been given to some of his earlier, lesser-known works. The intention was to use the space to reflect the diversity of Pearson’s research, while highlighting some of its core themes.
U članku se tumače arhivski izvori o povijesti zgrade na Koblerovu trgu u Rijeci koja je od 16. do 19. stoljeća služila kao gradska vijećnica. Od prvotne stambene kuće, prenamijenjene za vijećnicu 1532. godine, zgrada je doživjela brojne promjene. Najvažnija je bila ona iz 1740.–1745. prema projektu arhitekta Antonija de Vernede, kada je nadograđen drugi kat, pripojena susjedna kuća, pročelja u cijelosti preoblikovana u baroknom stilu, te je kao takva, uz manje preinake, zgrada ostala sačuvana do danas. Nakon toga oštećena je u potresu 1750. te je ponovno obnovljena u nekoliko navrata. U kasnom 18. stoljeću nalazimo da se njezine prostorije koriste za razna društvena i javna događanja. Kao vijećnica služila je sve do 1833. godine, a zatim se gradska uprava preselila u bivši augustinski samostan te je zgrada prenamijenjena u trgovačke i stambene svrhe. S položajem na križanju glavnih ulica i središnjega trga, stara vijećnica ima i urbanističko značenje. U članku se također donose rezultati konzervatorskih istraživanja kojima su razlučene faze njezina građevnog razvoja.
U članku se na osnovi istraživanja fotografija objavljenih u časopisima Polet, Studentski list, Start i Danas analizira angažman Mije Vesovića na području novinske fotografije. Fotografije nastale u razdoblju od 1976. do 1990. godine razmatraju se u kontekstu tematskih, tehničko-stilskih, socioloških i kulturoloških odrednica kako bi se obuhvatili svi aspekti Vesovićeve fotografske produkcije toga razdoblja.