Hasil untuk "History of Northern Europe. Scandinavia"

Asbjørn Rørslett Kolberg

I artikkelen belyser jeg hvordan tema som skolespørsmålet, opplæring på samisk og den rådende fornorskingspolitikken er representert i den sørsamiske avisa Waren Sardne (1910–1913, 1922–1927) og den såkalte samespalten, «Til og fra lapperne», i trondheimsavisa Dagsposten fra 1918 til 1920-tallet. Hovedspørsmålet som blir besvart, er hvordan disse temaene er artikulert og diskutert i Waren Sardne og i Dagspostens samespalte. I artikkelen konkluderer jeg med at disse mediekanalene representerer en sørsamisk offentlighet hvor bl.a. skolesak, språk og fornorskingspolitikk presenteres, kommenteres, kritiseres og diskuteres, delvis i harde ordelag.

Edda Frankot, Miriam Tveit

AbstractThe main question of this special issue is how international traders were able to manage their activities and conflicts successfully when they regularly had to cross legal boundaries and were operating in different and overlapping jurisdictions in northern Europe in the period c. 1350–1600. The contributions in this issue approach this central question from a range of perspectives. This introduction identifies these perspectives, as well as common themes and findings, and indicates why it is particularly pertinent to discuss the topic of crossing legal boundaries in the context of urban history. It also discusses relevant historiographical debates and key concepts of urban jurisdiction and jurisdictional boundaries in late medieval northern European towns.

Kaisu Savola

Ingrid Hudabiunigg

Jay L. Lalonde

This introduction to “An Icelandic Driver” by Jóhann Magnús Bjarnason aims to provide a critical context for reading the text. The story portrays Halifax as a city of immigrants and depicts the otherwise underdiscussed histories of urban Icelandic immigration. It also relies, however, on the structures of racialized immigrant hierarchy, antisemitism, and Black erasure. This introduction provides background information about Bjarnason’s life and work, and critically analyzes the ways in which his text thematizes national identity and community. It also aims to rectify the stereotypical depictions of Jewish characters in the story, as well as the complete erasure of Black Haligonians, by providing accounts of some of the many Jewish and Black histories of Halifax and Nova Scotia that Bjarnason chooses to omit.

Serde Belma Avcı

Arwen Thysse

This article discusses the often stereotyped and essentialized depiction of the Sámi in Old Norse sources in light of recent work on critical race theory and its application to the Middle Ages. Focussing on the portrayal of Sámi characters in the late-medieval Hrafnistumannasögur (Sagas of the Men of Hrafnista), this article argues that Norse portrayals of the Sámi were racial in character and that there did indeed exist a racial dynamic between the two peoples, at least during the late-medieval period from which these sagas survive. Consideration is also given towards how both positive and negative portrayals of the Sàmi in these sources can be understood within a racialized context. This article is a winner of the 2022 Marna Feldt Graduate Publication Award. À la lumière des récents travaux sur la théorie raciale critique [critical race theory] et son application dans le contexte du Moyen- ge, cet article traite de la représentation, souvent stéréotypée et essentialiste, des Samis dans les sources en vieux norois. Se concentrant sur les portraits des personnages Samis dans les Hrafnistumannasögur (sagas des hommes de Hrafnista) du bas Moyen- ge, cet article argumente que les représentations nordiques des Samis étaient de caractère racial et qu’il existait en effet une dynamique raciale entre les deux peuples, tout du moins durant le bas Moyen- ge, période d’où ces sagas nous proviennent. L’interprétation, dans un contexte racialisé, des représentations positives et négatives des Samis dans ces sources est également pris en considération. Cet article a reçu le Prix Marna Feldt de publication pour diplômé [graduate] de 2022.

Julie Allen

Anja Tröger. Affective Spaces: Migration in Scandinavian and German Transnational Narratives. Cambridge: Legenda, 2021. 181 pages. ISBN: 978-1-83954-013-4.

Dag Heede

Kees Mercks

Simon Nygaard

ABSTRACT: The transmission of law in pre-Christian Iceland was an oral process in an oral society. In oral societies, such transmission processes may be characterized as a cultivation of cultural memory, which suggests that it was transmitted through a ritualized performance by a memory specialist. In the Icelandic context, this specialist was in all likelihood the lǫgsǫgumaðr. However, the connection between the transmission of law by the lǫgsǫgumaðr and ritual and religion has not yet been established explicitly. This is the subject of the present article, which first views the intricate relationship between law and religion in pre-Christian Iceland through the lens of Max Weber’s theory of value spheres and subsequently treats the transmission of early Icelandic law as a cultivation of cultural memory.

Petr Kuthan

This paper not only examines how political strategy as a defining characteristic of terrorism is conceptualized within the metaphor of TERRORISM AS A PATH but it also explores whether this metaphor is equally represented in the corpus compiled from news articles from various German-language media reporting on terrorist attacks in Germany between 2015 and 2017. Using the MAXQDA software, the author analyzed and compared 1,495 text-places featuring lexemes "terror" and/or "terrorism" in the corpus consisting of 1,251 texts. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need for the intersection of quantitative and qualitative data analysis.

Markéta Ederová

The following contribution deals with one of the crucial questions if we talk about translatology: how "origin", "loyal" a translation can be and what might be the specific, new dimension if we translate from one language into the other. Since a while especially in sciences of culture, in the humanities there is an intense discussion about how to preserve "otherness" by translating. Often it is seen as a special manner, we can find in all kinds of human and social communication. Translation in such meaning is able to give "voice" to the otherness, to polyphonie, and by doing so become kind of a "language of Europe" (U. Eco) or "expression of multilingualism" (L. Orbán). Such new enlargement of meaning, the ability to combine perspectives of life and living spaces will be analyzed in the article, with examples from border-crossing (Bavarian- Czech) text-genres like poems, anthologies, readers. The focus here is not that much on examples of constructing social space or social community but on the concrete shape, appearance of translation, its linguistic particular structure. By concentrating on this specific matter the result will be a concrete field of multilingualism, exemplified at the Bavarian-Czech border region. Going in this direction the so called "spaces between", as translations are often seen, will be shown as an essential in communication.

Tatyana V. Sapelko

Ewa Majewska

Personal names play an important role in the medical language. Medical terms often consist of eponyms. A lot of expressions like ziekte van Basedow, ziekte van Hashimoto, syndroom van Down, Achillespees or doppleronderzoek are permanent ingredients of medical vocabulary. The eponyms can substitute long and complicated descriptions of medical terms. For specialists they have a clear meaning but on the other hand eponyms can cause confusion if there are used by people who have no medical education. An eponym can have two different meanings and the same illness can be described by two different persons what independently happens. What is the structure of an eponym? There are a lot of possibilities of naming an illeness, a syndrome or a part of body with an eponym. In many cases diseases, instruments or another medical units have been named after their discoverers or describers. This paper presents eponyms who have been collected from the Dutch medical press. They have been analysed in respect of their morphology and semantics, and have been splitted into groups.

Lars Rumar

Aleš Urválek

Markéta Balcarová

In 1993, Detlef Kremer mentioned the assumption that in the Hoffmann's text Der goldne Topf there are reflected the ideas from J. A. Kanne's mythological-theoretic work Erste Urkunden der Geschichte oder allgemeine Mythologie. This contribution follows in the Kremer's hypothesis and illustrates it with other examples. In his text E.T.A. Hoffmann uses not only the Kanne's etymological conclusions but also accepts other content elements from the Kanne's interpretation of myths. In addition to it, this contribution reveals also adaptation, or modification, if applicable, of the Kanne's topical-etymological method of comparison of myths in the Hoffmann's text.

Evy Beate Tveter

Language purism is often associated with opposition towards foreign linguistic elements, most typically foreign vocabulary. Most definitions therefore include the dichotomy of foreign versus domestic and/or national and/or un-national. This article takes a look at the Norwegian language reformer Knud Knudsen (1812–1895) and his arguments for excluding most (but not all) foreign words. This leads to a specification of the term foreign, and a description of various arguments for categorizing certain elements as unwanted.