Hasil untuk "History of Low Countries - Benelux Countries"

Femke Gordijn

In the historiography on the relation between early modern crisis events and the perception of time, autobiographical sources have been studied extensively. Times of crises were a major reason why people began documenting unfolding events, often with the goal of remembering and learning from what happened. Administrative sources, however, have been largely neglected in this line of research. This article explores how expressions of extraordinary time conditions were articulated in the digitised resolutions of the Dutch States-General between 1705 and 1796. Using a combination of text mining methods and close-reading, this essay establishes a correlation between increases in temporal references in the resolutions and moments of crisis that broke with the ordinary throughout the eighteenth century. Furthermore, the article examines the political context of the resolutions, who used such references, when they used them, and what goals they had while doing so. As such, this administrative source corpus forces us to reconsider the different functions that writing about extraordinary time conditions could have.

David Lam, Ahmed Elsayed

Abstract Chapter 1 serves as the introduction into the topic of the book, presenting the demographic background of low-income countries’ (LICs) struggle for better labour market performance and the focus of the joint Growth and Labour Markets in Low-Income Countries (GLM|LIC) programme of the UK Government and the IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Despite the importance of studying labour markets in LICs and investigating which policies are more successful, the evidence remained, until recently, rather limited. Against this backdrop, the joint IZA/FCDO (German IZA – Institute of Labor Economics and the Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office) and the GLM|LIC programme was established in 2011 after identifying an important research gap on labour markets and growth in LICs. The GLM|LIC programme has taken important steps to close this gap. The chapter provides a brief overview of the subsequent chapters of the volume.

Angela Jager

Jeroen Vandommele

Aimée Plukker

Herman Paul

Mineke Bosch

1001 Women in Perspective: Tradition and Change in the Biographical Dictionaries of the Netherlands and Elsewhere In this article Mineke Bosch discusses the book 1001 Women from Dutch History, published in February 2013 and edited by Els Kloek, against the background of the tradition and recent change of national dictionaries of biography. Since the nineteenth century this historical genre has played a central role in processes of canonisation within national history. The gender order that is written into these biographical reference works is now considered out of date. Since the 1970s, therefore, corrections have been made. In the United States, for instance, a special dictionary of women’s biography appeared, the Notable American Women, as a ‘supplement’ to the standard Dictionary of American Biography. The British Dictionary of National Biography decided to add to and rewrite all the existing lemma’s between 1994 and 2004, to reappear as the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. This work represents a paradigm change as the basic question of inclusion is no longer ‘who survived history?’, but ‘who deserves a lemma in our contemporary vision of history?’ In this historical perspective Bosch answers such questions as what is the relation between 1001 Women and the Dutch Biographical Dictionary of the Netherlands. Was it the aim of the book to confront gendered processes of canonisation? Can the work be seen as ‘a contribution to’ (herstory) or a ‘rewriting of’ history?   In dit artikel bespreekt Mineke Bosch het in februari 2013 onder redactie van Els Kloek uitgekomen 1001 Vrouwen uit de Nederlandse geschiedenis in het perspectief van traditie en verandering van het biografisch woordenboek. Sinds de negentiende eeuw speelt dit genre van het historische standaardwerk een centrale rol in canoniseringsprocessen binnen de nationale geschiedschrijving. De genderorde die in deze biografische woordenboeken werd vervat, blijkt echter niet meer van deze tijd. Sinds de jaren zeventig van de vorige eeuw zijn daar dan ook correcties op uitgevoerd. In Amerika verscheen bijvoorbeeld als aanvulling op de Dictionary of American Biography een biografisch woordenboek van vrouwen, de Notable American Women. De Britse Dictionary of National Biography daarentegen, besloot tot een aanvulling én algehele herschrijving van alle lemma’s, om opnieuw te verschijnen als Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. In dit werk is sprake van een paradigmawisseling omdat de basisvraag voor opname niet meer is wie in het verleden kwam bovendrijven, maar wie volgens hedendaagse normen van geschiedschrijving een lemma verdient. Tegen deze historische achtergrond beantwoordt Bosch vragen over hoe de relatie is tussen 1001 Vrouwen en het Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland. Was het de bedoeling om bestaande gegenderde canoniseringsprocessen tegen te gaan? Is het werk te beschouwen als ‘herstory’ of als een ‘herschrijving’ van de geschiedenis?

Catharina Th. Bakker

Stefan Dudink

This article introduces the contributions to a BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review special issue on Low Countries masculinities. It outlines a shared theoretical framework that focuses on what historian Mrinalini Sinha has called, 'the rhetorical and ideological efficacy' of notions of masculinity 'in underwriting various arrangements of power'. The article's central argument is that the history of masculinity should move 'beyond masculinity' by analysing the deployment of masculinity in the making, legitimisation and contestation of not just power relations of gender, but also other power relations. It points to the origins of this framework in post-structuralist strands of women's and gender history and evaluates critically the usefulness of the notion of 'hegemonic masculinity' for such an approach. This article is part of the special issue 'Low Countries Histories of Masculinity'.

H. Lowagie

Marnix Beyen

G.J. Schutte

Suzan Folkerts

L. Dresen

Leen Dresen, Towards a national landscape: botanical walks in the journal Album der Natuur (1861-1909) This article traces developments within the 'botanical walks' that were featured in the successful Dutch popular science journal Album der Natuur, and proposes to interpret these developments as an indication of changing cultural attitudes towards the national landscape in the Netherlands. The first botanical walks in the 1860s were aimed at collecting as many different plants as possible, without paying much attention to any kind of 'national' character of the vegetation. However, during the 1870s and 1880s, identifying the national character of the vegetation became the main focus of the walks. Nationality was seen to express itself in vegetation and in humans, as a native and historical essence of the local climate.   Around 1900, a new generation of authors adopted a new approach by no longer focussing on the historical character of the landscape. Instead, the reader was now taken for imaginary walks along new stereotypes of the Dutch natural landscape, which were formulated in biological and didactic terms: like the forest, the dunes and the polder. This new style of botanical description concurred with the rise of the nature conservation movement in the Netherlands, which displayed the same progress-oriented outlook towards the Dutch natural landscape.   This article is part of the special issue 'Landschap, natuur en nationale identiteit'.

J.R. Soetenhorst

N. van Campenhout

F.A van Lieburg

K.A.H.W. Leenders

J.C. Riley

L. François