This article investigates the intellectual dialogue between James M. Buchanan and Francesco Forte, two key figures who shaped the economic thinking of Ronald Reagan and Bettino Craxi. Drawing on archival materials from the U.S. and Italy, it traces how constitutional economics and the Italian tradition of Scienza delle finanze converged to produce a case of ideological hybridization. Their transatlantic exchange—embedded in institutional reform projects—offers new insights into Cold War capitalism and a novel contribution to the New History of Capitalism by highlighting the role of transnational intellectual exchanges in reshaping economic governance.
Mario Santos, Margarida Reis Santos, Anna-Lena Zietlow
et al.
Early relational health during the first 24 months of life is a key determinant of child development and wellbeing. During this postnatal period, the parent–infant relationship plays a central role in emotional regulation, bonding, and developmental trajectories. Although the broader early relational health framework encompasses the first 1,000 days of life, this scoping review focuses specifically on the postnatal phase, where parent–infant interactions are directly observable and measurable. However, existing assessment instruments vary widely in their conceptual focus, scope, and characteristics, and no comprehensive review has systematically mapped tools used to assess the parent–infant relationship during early infancy. In response to this gap, a transdisciplinary working group within the COST Action CA22114 – TREASURE collaboratively developed a scoping review protocol to systematically map instruments assessing the parent–infant relationship from birth to 24 months of age. This Brief Report describes the collaborative methodological process underpinning the protocol’s development. The process followed an iterative, consensus-driven approach involving multidisciplinary experts from multiple COST member countries. Through structured online meetings, the group clarified core constructs and established the age range using the Population–Concept–Context (PCC) framework. The JBI methodology for scoping reviews was adopted and aligned with PRISMA-ScR standards to ensure transparency and reproducibility. Progressive drafting, internal peer review, and iterative refinement led to the final protocol, which was registered on the Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/HRVX9).The resulting protocol provides a replicable methodological framework for mapping instruments that assess the parent–infant relationship in the first two years of life. This Brief Report presents a framework for collaborative protocol development in international research networks, promoting shared knowledge generation in early relational health research and offering potential applicability to other COST initiatives.
Silvia Fabi, Mariachiara Vardeu, Alex Martini
et al.
Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) is a novel flavi-like virus first identified in 2010 in <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> in the Jingmen region of Hubei Province, China and has been reported in different Asian countries, Central and South America, Africa, and Europe. Beyond ticks, JMTV has been detected in a range of other arthropods and in vertebrate hosts. In humans, JMTV has been found in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Kosovo and Turkey, and in febrile patients with a history of tick bites in China, suggesting it may be a novel human pathogen. To investigate the presence of JMTV in Italy, we developed a One-step real-time RT-PCR assay and applied it to individually screen 1150 ticks collected from northeastern, central, and southern Italy. JMTV RNA was detected in multiple tick species, including <i>Ixodes ricinus</i>, <i>Rhipicephalus bursa</i>, <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> s.l., <i>Dermacentor marginatus</i>, and <i>Hyalomma marginatum</i> with a prevalence ranging from 0.52% to 18.42% in questing ticks. The detection of JMTV in ticks from all surveyed areas, indicates that the virus is geographically widespread in Italy. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive surveillance strategies to identify new areas of active virus circulation and to investigate the potential impact of JMTV on public health.
<p>Data on marine microfossil assemblage composition have multiple applications. Initially, they were primarily used for (chrono)stratigraphy and palaeoecology, but these data are now also widely used to study evolutionary and ecological processes, such as past biodiversity and its links with environmental dynamics, or to provide a basis for conservation efforts and biomonitoring. The large range of potential applications renders microfossil abundance data ideal for reuse. However, the complexity inherent in taxonomic data, which encompass extant and extinct species, coupled with the inherent intricacies of information on biological communities extracted from sedimentary archives, poses considerable hurdles in reusing marine microfossil data, even when they are publicly available. Here, we present guidelines derived from an online survey conducted within the marine micropalaeontological community, aimed at improving the reusability of microfossil assemblage data. These guidelines advocate for clarity and transparency in the documentation of the methods and the outcome, and we outline the data attributes required for effective reuse of micropalaeontological data. These guidelines are intended for researchers who generate microfossil abundance datasets and for reviewers, editors, and data curators at repositories.</p>
<p>A total of 113 researchers evaluated the relevance of about 50 data attributes that might be needed to enable and maximise the reuse of marine microfossil abundance datasets. Each property is ranked based on the survey results. All information is, in principle, considered “desired”. Information that improves the reusability is ranked as “recommended”, and information that is required for reuse is ranked as “essential”. Analysis of a selection of datasets available online reveals a rather large gap between data properties deemed essential by survey participants and what is actually contained in publicly available microfossil assemblage datasets. While the survey<span id="page147"/> indicates that the micropalaeontological community values good data stewardship, improving data reusability still requires new efforts to incorporate all the essential information. The guidelines presented here are intended as a step in that direction. Determining the optimal forms and formats for data sharing are obvious next steps the community needs to take.</p>
Domenico Sparice, Mauro Antonio Di Vito, Vincenzo Amato
et al.
Many volcanological and geoarchaeological studies in the ancient city of Pompeii (Italy) have been devoted to the 79 CE Plinian eruption of Vesuvius, which sealed the city under a thick pyroclastic sequence. Only fragmentary information exists regarding the stratigraphy of the volcanic sediments sandwiched between the 79 CE street level and the volcanic rocks that form the geological framework of the hill on which Pompeii was built, which constitutes the “Pompeii bedrock”. The stratigraphic survey of twenty-one trenches throughout the city, coupled with a geochemical characterization, highlighted that the pre-79 CE stratigraphy includes at least eight late Pleistocene to Holocene tephra layers. Six eruptions were sourced from Somma–Vesuvius (Pomici di Base, Mercato, AP1 to AP4) and two originated from Campi Flegrei (Neapolitan Yellow Tuff and Soccavo 4). The Pompeii bedrock is the product of local vents, the last activity of which possibly shortly predates the 22 ka Pomici di Base eruption. From a geoarchaeological perspective, a relevant result is the absence of the 3.9 ka Avellino tephra in all trenches. This evidence, along with the reappraisal of the stratigraphy of the nearby archaeological site of S. Abbondio, suggests that the Avellino eruption possibly only marginally affected the Pompeii area during the Early Bronze Age.
This paper explores the historical and symbolic significance of urban structures in Mogadishu, focusing on Italian colonial and religious art. Beginning with a contextualization of Italian colonialism in Somalia, the authors analyze the impact of structural interventions, particularly the construction of the Cathedral in 1928, reflecting Italy’s attempt to Europeanize the city. The study employs three lenses—religious, architectonic-spatial, and political—to unravel the complexities of colonial urban art. The Cathedral, a focal point of the analysis, exemplifies the multifaceted strategy of legitimizing Italian presence through religious symbolism, spatial transformation, and political assertion. The paper critically examines how colonial architecture displaced local populations, reshaped the urban landscape, and reinforced power dynamics. It also underscores the lack of acknowledgment and debate in Italy regarding its colonial past, urging a reconsideration of colonial monuments as heritage or reminders of a contentious history. The authors emphasize the need for Italy to confront its colonial legacy, advocate for education on this topic, and challenge the perpetuation of colonial-era commemorations.
Aesthetics of cities. City planning and beautifying
Vinícius Caldeira Quintão, Charlize Kessin de Oliveira Sales, Estefania Morales Herrera
et al.
Background: Pediatric emergence delirium is characterized by a disturbance of a child’s awareness during the early postoperative period that manifests as disorientation, altered attention and perception. The incidence of emergence delirium varies between 18% and 80% depending on risk factors and how it is measured. Reports from Canada, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, and France demonstrated a wide range of preventive measures and definitions, indicating that there is a lack of clarity regarding emergence delirium. We aimed to assess the practices and beliefs among Brazilian anesthesiologists regarding emergence delirium. Methods: A web-based survey was developed using REDCap®. A link and QR Code were sent by email to all Brazilian anesthesiologists associated with the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology (SBA). Results: We collected 671 completed questionnaires. The majority of respondents (97%) considered emergence delirium a relevant adverse event. Thirty-two percent of respondents reported routinely administrating medication to prevent emergence delirium, with clonidine (16%) and propofol (15%) being the most commonly prescribed medications. More than 70% of respondents reported a high level of patient and parent anxiety, a previous history of emergence delirium, and untreated pain as risk factors for emergence delirium. Regarding treatment, thirty-five percent of respondents reported using propofol, followed by midazolam (26%). Conclusion: Although most respondents considered emergence delirium a relevant adverse event, only one-third of them routinely applied preventive measures. Clonidine and propofol were the first choices for pharmacological prevention. For treatment, propofol and midazolam were the most commonly prescribed medications.
Valeria Trivellone, Wei Wei, Luisa Filippin
et al.
Abstract Phytoplasmas (Mollicutes, Acholeplasmataceae), vector‐borne obligate bacterial plant parasites, infect nearly 1,000 plant species and unknown numbers of insects, mainly leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Deltocephalinae), which play a key role in transmission and epidemiology. Although the plant–phytoplasma–insect association has been evolving for >300 million years, nearly all known phytoplasmas have been discovered as a result of the damage inflicted by phytoplasma diseases on crops. Few efforts have been made to study phytoplasmas occurring in noneconomically important plants in natural habitats. In this study, a subsample of leafhopper specimens preserved in a large museum biorepository was analyzed to unveil potential new associations. PCR screening for phytoplasmas performed on 227 phloem‐feeding leafhoppers collected worldwide from natural habitats revealed the presence of 6 different previously unknown phytoplasma strains. This indicates that museum collections of herbivorous insects represent a rich and largely untapped resource for discovery of new plant pathogens, that natural areas worldwide harbor a diverse but largely undiscovered diversity of phytoplasmas and potential insect vectors, and that independent epidemiological cycles occur in such habitats, posing a potential threat of disease spillover into agricultural systems. Larger‐scale future investigations will contribute to a better understanding of phytoplasma genetic diversity, insect host range, and insect‐borne phytoplasma transmission and provide an early warning for the emergence of new phytoplasma diseases across global agroecosystems.
Forty years from the 23 November 1980, Irpinia-Basilicata earthquake date represents much more than a commemoration. It has been a fracture for the history of Italy. Important for many reasons, this earthquake has been a watershed for the studies and the public role of research. Historians have been solicited to work on the topic by scholars of the geological and seismological sciences: in the face of the repetition of disastrous seismic events in Italy, earthquakes remained ‘outside the history’. However, the real difficulty of socio-historical science is not neglecting seismic events and their consequences, but rather the reluctance to think of ‘earthquake’ as a specific interpretative context. This means to deal with the discipline ‘statute’ as well as the public commitment of scholars. In this way, the circle earthquake-history-memory requires broad interdisciplinarity, which offers insights to work on historical consciousness and cultural memory: important aspects to understand the past as well as to favour a seismic risk awareness.
The recent work of complete revision of the materials taken from the Early Iron Age settlement of S. Spirito at Gropello Cairoli (PV) has allowed the identification of several fragments of terracotta perforated hobs.
In the Faustian myth, the figures of Mefistofele and Margherita contend to Doctor Faust the role of main character of the story. To consider Mefistofele as the true main character implies a priority attention attributed to the ethical-religious matter of the myth. In Italy
Arrigo Boito certainly offers to the history of the myth the most original, complex and lasting interpretation in this direction
Il contributo ripercorre le principali tappe del sistema rappresentativo studentesco bolognese tra la fine della seconda guerra mondiale e la contestazione del 1968, nel contesto della rappresentanza studentesca nazionale e concentrandosi sul tema dell’assistenza allo studio. Particolare attenzione è riservata alla nascita dei gruppi universitari nella seconda metà degli anni Quaranta e alla conclusione di quell’esperienza in concomitanza con le agitazioni di fine anni Sessanta.
L’articolo è un resoconto di un’esperienza di stage realizzata all’interno del Master di II livello in Public History di Unimore, in collaborazione con il Comune di Mirandola e l’Istituto Storico di Modena. La ricerca si è concentrata sull’avvio del futuro Centro di documentazione sul terremoto dell’Emilia.
Pescara was born from the merger of two small existing towns, in 1926. The new town thus feels like a place with no past, no history; something that is far from the truth. This notion has endorsed the ongoing demolition and replacement, even in recent times. An initial survey of the architectural heritage carried out by L. Bartolini Salimbeni, in 1994, highlighted considerable architectural heritage, that should have been defended by a variant of the urban master plan approved in 2007. However, recent demolitions of buildings of a certain importance (the Porta Nuova Station, the former Centrale del Latte, a textile mill from the early twentieth century) proceed amid protests from citizens and associations. The Town Hall tried to remedy the situation, entrusting revision of the current urban master plan to a group of experts, who extended the work of Bartolini Salimbeni. However, the Administrative Court rejected these and other attempts of protection, disputing the application of restrictive rules on the part of the Town Hall: only the Superintendence, the local office of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, in fact, may apply such restrictions. The essay highlights the need to improve alternative means of protection instead of traditional ways. However, it also points out that, in Italy, the economic and financial aspects of “heritage” still prevail. New dangers threaten other important buildings, such as the Adriatic Stadium, designed by Luigi Piccinato (1952-56). The issue not only concerns the preservation of monuments, but also the quality of life of the inhabitants. The risk is that our towns will be reduced to mere merchandise.
Keywords: Pescara, Conservation, Nineteenth century, Demolitions, Heritage
La Napoli di Carlo Celano (1692): itinerari in una città materialeIl saggio propone una rilettura della nota guida di Napoli pubblicata nel 1692 da Carlo Celano, le Notitie del bello, dell’antico e del curioso della città di Napoli, ma con particolare attenzione per l’interesse continuo ivi dimostrato per la dimensione materiale della città. Soffermandosi sistematicamente sulla qualità della pietra utilizzata in molti edifici napoletani, Celano offre nella sua guida un’illustrazione dettagliata ed esperta della notevole varietà e ricchezza di materiali edili, che nella realtà napoletana del Seicento contraddistingue non solo il panorama urbano ma anche la stessa identità cittadina. La documentazione contenuta nel libro di Celano illustra pertanto un fenomeno caratteristico per l’urbanistica napoletana, e in un momento che precede di poco la sua distruzione, in seguito all’introduzione di stucco come materiale adatto per coprire quasi tutte le superfici, anche quelle in pietre solo recentemente elogiate per la loro propria qualità estetica.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, History of Italy
Understanding population dynamics and regulation is fundamental for predicting
establishment and spread of invasive alien species. In addition, the population biology of
invasive alien species offers an opportunity to study basic ecological processes. In this
context, we investigated reproductive and growth plasticity in the invasive crayfish
Procambarus clarkii in Lake Trasimeno (central Italy). In total, 3153
crayfish were collected monthly from June 2007 to July 2009. The molt status was assessed
by evaluating the exoskeleton hardness. To assess the reproductive cycle, the
gonado-somatic and wet hepato-somatic indices were calculated for females. The
reproductive status of males was appraised as well. We estimated growth and longevity
using the von Bertalanffy growth function, and calculated the total, natural and fishing
mortality indices. We then compared our present data with those obtained from the same
population eight years before. Our results indicate some changes in population dynamics
and in both molting and reproductive periods since the initial invasion of the shallow
lake investigated. Long-term differences in the life history of the Trasimeno population
may be the result of selective pressures different from those of the native range, but may
also result from colonization events and human interference caused by professional fishing
activities.
Terracina: bandit territory and resort cherished by (grand-) touristsFor travellers who left the Eternal City, Terracina was one of the first stages, and almost an obligatory one, on their way to Naples and further south. The charming fishing town on the Tyrrhenian Sea situated on the Via Appia offered to those who had crossed the boring and bothersome Pontine Marshes a glimpse of the lushest Mediterranean vegetation and views. Yet another aspect of Terracina’s historical background is the protracted terrifying presence of notorious bandits such as Fra Diavolo and Gasbarrone.This article questions the imagological implications of these mytho-cultural assets of Terracina in literature, with a focus on ‘Romantic’ early Nineteen Century travel literature at large (Irving Washington, Stendhal), in which the point of view is mostly from a visitor's perspective, whereas authoritative studies, e.g. by Eric Hobsbawm, have rightly stressed the crucial importance of the insiders’ point of view as well.As an excursus from this cultural and historical context Pier Paolo Pasolini’s delicious ‘Terracina’ comes in to offer just such an insider’s point of view, telling the story of two Roman ‘ragazzi di vita’ – or ‘briganti’, as the villagers call them – who become tourists themselves and get fatally attracted by the idyllic Terracina seascape.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, History of Italy