Hasil untuk "History of Great Britain"

Andrés Pérez-Simón

This essay examines Luis Martín-Santos’ second novel, Time of Destruction, unfinished at the time of his accidental death in 1964, in connection with James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916). To date, Marisol Morales-Ladrón remains the only scholar who has dealt extensively with both texts (2005: 162-182), a sharp contrast to the numerous studies that have discussed the traces of Joyce’s Ulysses in Martín-Santos’ first novel, Time of Silence (1962). The publication, in 2022, of Mauricio Jalón’s new edition of Martín-Santos’ Time of Destruction, one with significant textual amendments to the first edition (1975), provides an ideal opportunity to expand the scholarship on this scarcely researched topic. The first section of this essay offers a brief discussion of the new edition of Martín-Santos’ novel and reconsiders it in relation to Joyce’s work. The second section proposes a reading of A Portrait and Time of Destruction in light of the tension that exists between the narrators and the two main fictional figures in these novels, Stephen Dedalus and Agustín. The final section considers both novels in relation to Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy of history and morality.

Roselane Silva Farias, Iftekhar Ahmed, Eduardo Santana de Almeida

Software Quality Assurance (SQA) Engineers are responsible for assessing a product during every phase of the software development process to ensure that the outcomes of each phase and the final product possess the desired qualities. In general, a great SQA engineer needs to have a different set of abilities from development engineers to effectively oversee the entire product development process from beginning to end. Recent empirical studies identified important attributes of software engineers and managers, but the quality assurance role is overlooked. As software quality aspects have become more of a priority in the life cycle of software development, employers seek professionals that best suit the company's objectives and new graduates desire to make a valuable contribution through their job as an SQA engineer, but what makes them great? We addressed this knowledge gap by conducting 25 semi-structured interviews and 363 survey respondents with software quality assurance engineers from different companies around the world. We use the data collected from these activities to derive a comprehensive set of attributes that are considered important. As a result of the interviews, twenty-five attributes were identified and grouped into five main categories: personal, social, technical, management, and decision-making attributes. Through a rating survey, we confirmed that the distinguishing characteristics of great SQA engineers are curiosity, the ability to communicate effectively, and critical thinking skills. This work will guide further studies with SQA practitioners, by considering contextual factors and providing some implications for research and practice.

Ian Brooks, Laura Harrison, Mark Reeves et al.

This research explores the use of History to enhance education in the field of ICT For Sustainability ICT4S in response to a challenge from the ICT4S 2023 conference. No previous studies were found in ICT4S but the literature on History and Education for Sustainable Development is reviewed. An ICT4S lecturer collaborated with History lecturers to add an historic parallel to each weeks teaching on a Sustainable Business and Computing unit for final year undergraduate BSc Business Computing students. A list of the topics and rationale is provided. Student perceptions were surveyed before and after the teaching and semi-structured interviews carried out. A majority of students saw relevance to their degree and career. There was an increase in the proportion of students with interest in History. The paper explores the lessons learned from the interdisciplinary collaboration, including topic choice, format and perceived value. The project has enhanced the way we approach our subjects as computing and history educators. We believe this is the first empirical, survey-based study of the use of history to enhance ICT4S education. The team will extend the research to a larger unit covering a wider range of computing degrees.

Julio Urizarna-Carasa, Daniel Ruprecht, Alexandra von Kameke et al.

The movement of small but finite spherical particles in a fluid can be described by the Maxey-Riley equation (MRE) if they are too large to be considered passive tracers. The MRE contains an integral "history term" modeling wake effects, which causes the force acting on a particle at some given time to depend on its full past trajectory. The history term causes complications in the numerical solution of the MRE and is therefore often neglected, despite both numerical and experimental evidence that its effects are generally not negligible. By numerically computing trajectories with and without the history term of a large number of particles in different flow fields, we investigate its impact on the large-scale Lagrangian dynamics of simulated particles. We show that for moderate to large Stokes numbers, ignoring the history term leads to significant differences in clustering patterns. Furthermore, we compute finite-time Lyapunov exponents and show that, even for small particles, the differences in the resulting scalar field from ignoring the BHT can be significant, in particular if the underlying flow is turbulent.

Stéphane Haffemayer

With the threat of a triumphant Catholicism ever-present in the background, the 1620s saw the Puritans committed to a strong pamphleteering effort directed against the pro-Spanish policy of James VI/I. They reveal the affirmation of a new phenomenon, a political Puritanism that adopted an offensive strategy of communication through print and image.

Brittney Bahadoor

This paper discusses the history of ethnopolitics in Guyana and how the racial divide between the two largest ethnic groups in the country—the Indo-Guyanese and Afro-Guyanese—not only fractured society but allowed for Western superpowers to exert neocolonial influence. It explores the historical origins of race relations between the Indians and Africans in Guyana from the time of British colonization to the modern political era of the 196 0s. It looks at how politics was utilized both as unifying factor and a dividing factor—dependent on the goals the political leaders sought after. This article breaks down the ever-complicated political parties and their general history and discusses the causes of this political divide, both due to internal pressures and external forces. It also aims to show how the racial politics in Guyana were orchestrated by both the United States and Great Britain as it occurred during the ushering in of the neocolonial era. It is built around the argument that the racial divide caused by the Guyanese politics of the 1960s became the basis for the complicated modern day race relations and the various causes. The goal is to essentially tell part of the racial and political history of Guyana in a way that is accessible to everyone. Guyana is a country with such a deep history which is often times obscured, this article aims to dissect just a portion of it, especially a part that has affected and continues to affect the population and diaspora even today.

Yurii V. Cherednychenko, Rocco A. Armonda, Andrii H. Sirko et al.

Objective: Evaluate the possibilities of treating giant intracranial aneurysms and complex anatomy aneurysms by implanting new generation of FRED X flow diverters (MicroVention, USA) with antithrombogenic surface subject to preoperative virtual modeling and sizing with PreSize Neurovascular software (Oxford Heartbeat Ltd, Great Britain). Materials and Methods. FRED X flow diverters with antithrombogenic surface were implanted in 7 patients with giant cerebral aneurysms and complex anatomy aneurysms in the Endovascular Center at Mechnikov Dnipropetrovsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Dnipro, within two months (May 2, 2023 to June 27, 2023). Our study group consisted of 4 (57.1%) female patients and 3 (42.9%) male patients (p=1.0). The average age was 50.4±13.7. 4 patients had single intracranial aneurysms and 3 patients had multiple aneurysms. 2 patients had 2 aneurysms and 1 patient had 4 aneurysms. 3 patients had a hemorrhagic clinical course of the disease (spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage in the history), 3 patients had asymptomatic aneurysms, and 1 patient had a pseudotumorous aneurysm. Results. All 7 patients underwent the ICA aneurysm(s) surgery. 3 patients had a flow diverter implanted at the level of multiple aneurysms (in 2 patients, 2 aneurysms; in 1 patient, 3 aneurysms). 2 patients, in addition to flow diverter implantation, underwent coil aneurysms embolization (using jailing technique). In all patients, the flow diverter was implanted under dual (ticagrelor and acetylsalicylic acid) antiplatelet therapy. 3 patients with a history of subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage received a loading dose of dual antiplatelet therapy immediately before the flow diverter implantation. In one patient with a complex closed siphon shape, balloon angioplasty was required to optimize flow diverter opening to the arterial wall. In all other 6 patients, the flow diverters were opened in a controlled manner with a Push & Pull technique variant: Load/Tension Unsheath technique. Conclusions: In the endovascular treatment of giant and complex aneurysms, the use of new generation FRED X flow diverters (MicroVention, USA) with antithrombogenic coating subject to proper diverters sizing with PreSize Neurovascular software does not cause technical difficulties and is controlled.

Otto Brookes, Majid Mirmehdi, Hjalmar Kühl et al.

We propose the first metric learning system for the recognition of great ape behavioural actions. Our proposed triple stream embedding architecture works on camera trap videos taken directly in the wild and demonstrates that the utilisation of an explicit DensePose-C chimpanzee body part segmentation stream effectively complements traditional RGB appearance and optical flow streams. We evaluate system variants with different feature fusion techniques and long-tail recognition approaches. Results and ablations show performance improvements of ~12% in top-1 accuracy over previous results achieved on the PanAf-500 dataset containing 180,000 manually annotated frames across nine behavioural actions. Furthermore, we provide a qualitative analysis of our findings and augment the metric learning system with long-tail recognition techniques showing that average per class accuracy -- critical in the domain -- can be improved by ~23% compared to the literature on that dataset. Finally, since our embedding spaces are constructed as metric, we provide first data-driven visualisations of the great ape behavioural action spaces revealing emerging geometry and topology. We hope that the work sparks further interest in this vital application area of computer vision for the benefit of endangered great apes.

Richard Carswell

Although British views on the fall of France in 1940 were mixed, the disaster triggered a latent Francophobia which expressed itself in popular resentment at France’s military defeat and armistice with Germany. While nowadays historians generally agree on the military causes of the fall of France, British popular attitudes to France at the time of the defeat were influenced by the myths that rapidly formed around Britain’s stance in 1940. By the end of the war the British had developed a sense of superiority over continental Europeans. But they also felt guilty about Britain’s failed pre-war policy of appeasement. Questions for historians to ponder include how far this feeling of guilt covered – if at all – Britain’s lukewarm diplomatic and military support for France.

Marion Charret-Del Bove

This paper aims at contributing to the assessment of the consequences of Brexit on the protection of human rights in the UK. Has Brexit affected British human rights and will the UK uphold its commitment to Europe’s human rights regime post-Brexit? After a brief presentation of the legal framework that protected UK human rights before Brexit, we will highlight the possible evolutions brought by Brexit in human rights protection. Lastly, we will focus on current sources of concern about the detrimental effects of Brexit in the field of human rights.

Linda Connolly

Niaz Cary-Pernon

This article analyses Franco-British relations through Punch Magazine’s political cartoons dealing with European integration from 1950 to 1992. It consists of three parts. The first focuses on the personalities embodying the relations; the second investigates the cultural references leading readers to decipher implicit meanings to be shared with the cartoonists; finally, the third part examines how the representation of the Franco-British relations in Punch helps convey its perception of the European policy of the United Kingdom. This article argues that the study of the political cartoons in Punch conjures up the production of a visual and symbolic memory of some aspects of British foreign policy.

Roddy Flynn

Radin Dardashti

No-go theorems have played an important role in the development and assessment of scientific theories. They have stopped whole research programs and have given rise to strong ontological commitments. Given the importance they obviously have had in physics and philosophy of physics and the huge amount of literature on the consequences of specific no-go theorems, there has been relatively little attention to the more abstract assessment of no-go theorems as a tool in theory development. We will here provide this abstract assessment of no-go theorems and conclude that the methodological implications one may draw from no-go theorems are in disagreement with the implications that have often been drawn from them in the history of science.

Lawrence Gasquet

The presence of the camera becomes prominent among scientific and artistic discourses of the 19th century; it is also fundamental to John Ruskin’s aesthetic theory, as a close study of several of his writings shows. Photography reveals for instance the existence of some physiological distortions in human perception, and perceptual aberration was analysed at great length by John Ruskin, whether it be revealed by Turner’s art or by the daguerreotypist’s talent or lack of skill. In volume IV of Modern Painters, Ruskin contends that photographs might after all be more on Turner’s side than he and other critics might have first thought: ‘Photographs never look entirely sharp; but because clearness is supposed a merit in them, they are usually taken from very clearly marked and un-Turnerian subjects; and such results as are misty and faint, though often precisely those which contain the most subtle renderings of nature, are thrown away, and the clear ones only are preserved. Those clear ones depend for much of their force on the faults of the process. Photography either exaggerates shadows, or loses detail in the lights . . . and misses certain of the utmost subtleties of natural effect (which are often the things that Turner has chiefly aimed at,) while it renders subtleties of form which no human hand could achieve’. (Ruskin, 1856, vol. IV, Chapter IV, §11).I shall strive to define in this paper some of the implications of the act of vision according to Ruskin, wondering about differences in effect and form for instance, and seeking their causes; I will attempt to show how some of the obstacles which can actually hamper human sight turn out to be eminently positive for Ruskin, giving birth to the main arguments of his belief in the superiority of Medieval art over Renaissance art. Ruskin’s defence of imperfection thus appears to be closely linked to natural perceptual aberration.

Shubham Agarwal, Trung Bui, Joon-Young Lee et al.

Visual Dialog involves "understanding" the dialog history (what has been discussed previously) and the current question (what is asked), in addition to grounding information in the image, to generate the correct response. In this paper, we show that co-attention models which explicitly encode dialog history outperform models that don't, achieving state-of-the-art performance (72 % NDCG on val set). However, we also expose shortcomings of the crowd-sourcing dataset collection procedure by showing that history is indeed only required for a small amount of the data and that the current evaluation metric encourages generic replies. To that end, we propose a challenging subset (VisDialConv) of the VisDial val set and provide a benchmark of 63% NDCG.

Nicole Fluhr

During his short career, the writer and artist Aubrey Beardsley, who rose to prominence in the 1890s, cultivated a reputation for mannered excess that helped establish him as one of the aesthetes and decadents whose company he kept and whose works he illustrated. His unfinished novel Venus and Tannhäuser, which Stanley Weintraub calls ‘a triumph of excess,’ exhibits to the full Beardsley’s penchant for shocking readers and mocking aesthetic conventions. Its nominal source is the medieval legend featuring a troubadour who sins by visiting the subterranean kingdom to which Venus has been exiled by Christianity. After sojourning there awhile, Tannhäuser’s conscience revolts, prompting him to quit the Venusberg in moral revulsion and journey to Rome, where he petitions the pope for forgiveness. The pontiff’s disappointing response is that only when his own wooden staff buds may the penitent bard win God’s pardon. In despair, Tannhäuser returns to Venus, accepting that he is damned. The staff then miraculously blossoms, but though the pope has Tannhäuser sought across the land, the troubadour cannot be found. Enormously popular in the 15th century, the story faded from view for a few hundred years, when it was rediscovered by Romantic writers and repeatedly reworked over the course of the nineteenth century, yet even within the context of this centuries-long tradition of tinkering with the tale, Beardsley’s revisions are calculated to shock. It recasts the legendary Christian bard who tries and fails to renounce pagan pleasures as a sexually adventurous dandy; visiting the underground realm of the exiled goddess Venus, he finds it equal parts Alice in Wonderland and My Secret Life, peopled by decadent courtiers who feast, gamble, and gambol together. Critics have read the text as an autobiographical reckoning with mortality; as authorial wish-fulfillment; as a self-reflexive satire of Decadence; as an exposé of excess; as a ‘decadent counterpublic’ that critiques nationalism; and as a parodic rewriting of Wagner that seeks to undercut his political and aesthetic legacies. My analysis focuses on its rejection of the source legend’s central themes of guilt and redemption, both of which are not only absent from but unimaginable in the world of the novel. In both its published and draft forms, Beardsley’s narrative depicts only Venus’s realm. The text thus excludes sin by drastically truncating the familiar narrative promised by its title, which engages to ‘set forth an exact account of the manner of state held by Madam Venus, Goddess and Meretrix, under the famous Hörselberg, and containing the Adventures of Tannhäuser in that Place, his Repentance, his Journeying to Rome and Return to the Loving Mountain.’ This radical cropping of the tale has the effect of not merely revising but reversing the Tannhäuser legend’s moral in its preference of pagan values over Christian. In excising the physical journey to Rome along with the guilt-induced repentance that sends Tannhäuser there, Beardsley’s text denies the pope the power to condemn or to save; at the same time, it refuses the troubadour the identity of sinner. Indeed, The Story of Venus and Tannhäuser celebrates neither sin nor shame, but the ‘inexhaustible license’ of a world where all desires are licit; in the Venusberg, taboos cannot be broken, because there are none to break. The decision to restrict the setting to the Venusberg thus effects a dramatic shift in the significance of both this erotic playground and the narrative as a whole; the former is no longer the sinful ‘before’ that must be renounced to achieve the penitent ‘after’ and, as a result, Beardsley’s Tannhäuser doesn’t need to be redeemed and his story ceases to be a conversion narrative. Instead, the land ‘under the hill’ is constituted as a genuinely alternative paradise, a counterpublic of perverts who communally flout the dictates of heteronormativity, together constructing a world that does not simply exclude shame, guilt, and sin but disavows them entirely.

Jihn E. Kim

In this historic Lomonosov conference on the occasion of 150 year anniversary of the Mendeleev's periodic table, I present the history of neutrino magnetic moment. It was first thought by Wolfgang Pauli and its magnitude was calculated during the gauge theory era.