Hasil untuk "General Works"

Michael Timothy Bennett

Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is an established field of research. Yet some have questioned if the term still has meaning. AGI has been subject to so much hype and speculation it has become something of a Rorschach test. Melanie Mitchell argues the debate will only be settled through long term, scientific investigation. To that end here is a short, accessible and provocative overview of AGI. I compare definitions of intelligence, settling on intelligence in terms of adaptation and AGI as an artificial scientist. Taking my cue from Sutton's Bitter Lesson I describe two foundational tools used to build adaptive systems: search and approximation. I compare pros, cons, hybrids and architectures like o3, AlphaGo, AERA, NARS and Hyperon. I then discuss overall meta-approaches to making systems behave more intelligently. I divide them into scale-maxing, simp-maxing, w-maxing based on the Bitter Lesson, Ockham's and Bennett's Razors. These maximise resources, simplicity of form, and the weakness of constraints on functionality. I discuss examples including AIXI, the free energy principle and The Embiggening of language models. I conclude that though scale-maxed approximation dominates, AGI will be a fusion of tools and meta-approaches. The Embiggening was enabled by improvements in hardware. Now the bottlenecks are sample and energy efficiency.

Lars Andersson, Finnian Gray, Marius A. Oancea

In general relativity, the dynamics of spinning particles is governed by the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon equations, which are most commonly applied to massive bodies, but the framework also works in the massless case. Such massless versions naturally arise, for example, in the description of energy centroids of high-frequency wave packets. In this work, we consider massless spinning particles in spacetimes with hidden symmetries and we derive the generalized conservation laws associated with conformal Killing-Yano tensors. We then show that the spin Hall equations, a particular case of the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon equations restricted to massless particles with longitudinal angular momentum, are completely integrable in a large class of type D spacetimes. Additionally, we also show that for massive spinning particles, the generalized Carter constant associated with Killing-Yano tensors is conserved independently of the choice of spin supplementary condition.

Trevor Fitzpatrick, Seamus Kelly, Patrick Carey et al.

The emergence of Generative AI (Gen AI) has motivated an interest in understanding how it could be used to enhance productivity across various tasks. We add to research results for the performance impact of Gen AI on complex knowledge-based tasks in a public sector setting. In a pre-registered experiment, after establishing a baseline level of performance, we find mixed evidence for two types of composite tasks related to document understanding and data analysis. For the Documents task, the treatment group using Gen AI had a 17% improvement in answer quality scores (as judged by human evaluators) and a 34% improvement in task completion time compared to a control group. For the Data task, we find the Gen AI treatment group experienced a 12% reduction in quality scores and no significant difference in mean completion time compared to the control group. These results suggest that the benefits of Gen AI may be task and potentially respondent dependent. We also discuss field notes and lessons learned, as well as supplementary insights from a post-trial survey and feedback workshop with participants.

Bárbara KLIMISCH, Paula PAREDES, Dora MAGLIONE

La Reserva Provincial para Aves Migratorias (RPAM) ubicada en el estuario de los ríos Gallegos y Chico, fue creada estratégicamente para la protección de la marisma y planicies intermareales, sitios de alimentación y descanso de aves playeras migratorias. Durante la elaboración del Plan de Manejo de la Reserva, se identificó la necesidad de disponer de herramientas de información geográfica que faciliten el manejo y monitoreo del área protegida, así como la categorización de los usos del suelo en sectores colindantes. El objetivo de este trabajo es actualizar el Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) y los usos de suelo aledaños a la RPAM, elaborados para el Plan de Manejo del área, en el año 2018. Se trabajó con el software libre QGIS para la digitalización, análisis de imágenes y elaboración de mapas finales. Como resultado, se generó un SIG actualizado de la RPAM, con información temática proyectada, que permitirá una mejor toma de decisiones en el manejo del área.

Fengyuan Li

The current study examined the multifaceted effects of digital transformation on information disclosure and organisational efficiency in Chinese-listed companies. In this study technology adoption, digital strategy, process automation, transparency, and process innovation are used to understand the digital transformation to drive information disclosure towards organisational efficiency. A quantitative research design was utilised, employing a structured survey directed at senior executives, including directors, managers, chief information officers, and chief transformation officers. A nonprobability snowball sampling technique was employed to access a specialised population of experts. The research initially identified pertinent enterprises via the official information disclosure platform of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). Five hundred questionnaires were disseminated through email and social media platforms from February 2023 to July 2023. Following the exclusion of incomplete and outlier responses, 300 completed questionnaires were analysed. The analysis was performed using a combination of PLS-SEM and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches. An ANN investigation was conducted to enhance the findings of PLS-SEM and improve predictive accuracy. The findings indicate a substantial positive correlation between digital transformation and increased information disclosure, along with enhanced organisational efficiency. Digital technologies enhance transparency and data-sharing systems, thereby improving decision-making processes. Moreover, research indicates that IT leadership within organisations is pivotal in facilitating successful digital transformation initiatives. These findings highlight the essential function of digital transformation in promoting corporate accountability and operational efficiency. Future research ought to investigate industry-specific impacts of digital transformation and incorporate longitudinal analyses to capture the evolving trends in digital adoption and corporate governance.

J. Boswell

J. Chaboche

Federico Mazzoli, Davide Alghisi, Vittorio Ferrari

Displacement sensors play a key role in the control of dynamic processes. Such sensors can be endowed with self-diagnostic capabilities to identify both the degradation of their conditions and the possible process anomalies that caused them, thus allowing researchers to monitor the process efficiency and therefore its sustainability. Within this scope, a self-diagnostic method is proposed to infer the conditions of a resistive displacement sensor by estimating its model parameters online during operation. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the presented method.

Catherine Lefranc-Millot, Caroline Perreau, Marion Bourdens et al.

Background and Objectives: Excessive deposits of white adipose tissue lead to obesity. Preadipocyte differentiation, adipocyte metabolism, and some inflammatory and profibrotic factors are key in modulating early fat mass expansion and chronic low-grade inflammation and could be targeted to prevent child obesity. Plant-based proteins are being increasingly used, and we evaluated the potential impact on adipose cell biology and the inflammatory processes of some of them, after simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, on (1) the human preadipocyte differentiation, (2) their fibro-inflammatory state, (3) the metabolism of human mature adipocytes, and (4) the beiging potential of two selected digestates on preadipocytes. Methods: (a) Preadipocytes and (b) mature adipocytes isolated from human subcutaneous adipose tissues were treated with eight plant-based protein digestates (PBPDs) and one animal-based protein digestate for (a) 7 to 11 days or (b) 24 h, respectively. We assessed (a) their effects on preadipocytes, in proadipogenic ± proinflammatory conditions, by evaluating cytotoxicity, cell number, lipid droplet accumulation, adiponectin secretion, and UCP1 expression on the one hand, and IL6, CCL2, and fibronectin secretions on the other hand, and (b) their effects on adipocyte metabolism by studying cytotoxicity, lipolysis activity, and adiponectin secretion. Results: Six PBPDs stimulated adiponectin’s secretion by the preadipocytes without affecting their viability and differentiation capacities at the tested doses. Similarly, we observed no cytotoxicity effects on mature adipocytes and a dose-dependent increase in their adiponectin secretion for treatment with five PBPDs. One PBPD modulated the lipolytic activity of adipocytes by decreasing the release of glycerol. In proinflammatory conditions, seven PBPDs reduced the number of preadipocytes, which is abnormally increased with inflammation. Two of them were able to decrease the CCL2 chemokine secretion, and one of them reduced the production of fibronectin, a potential pro-fibrotic protein. Finally, two selected PBPDs were able to increase beige differentiation (UCP1 expression) of preadipocytes cultured in proadipogenic conditions. Discussion: This study revealed potential benefits of plant proteins for obesity prevention, and specifically highlighted the respective properties of pea and oat proteins prototypes: increasing adiponectin secretion and beige differentiation in preadipocytes; decreasing pro-inflammatory and fibrotic molecules secretion by proinflammatory preadipocytes and regulating basal lipolysis and increasing adiponectin secretion by mature adipocytes.

Muzaffer Adak, Tekin Dereli, Tomi S. Koivisto et al.

In the conventional formulation of general relativity, gravity is represented by the metric curvature of Riemannian geometry. There are also alternative formulations in flat affine geometries, wherein the gravitational dynamics is instead described by torsion and nonmetricity. These so called general teleparallel geometries may also have applications in material physics, such as the study of crystal defects. In this work, we explore the general teleparallel geometry in the language of differential forms. We discuss the special cases of metric and symmetric teleparallelisms, clarify the relations between formulations with different gauge fixings and without gauge fixing, and develop a method of recasting Riemannian into teleparallel geometries. As illustrations of the method, exact solutions are presented for the generic quadratic theory in 2, 3 and 4 dimensions.

Tao Wang, Yifan Cai, Long Cui et al.

Based on the recent work [1,2], we formulate the first law and the second law of stochastic thermodynamics in the framework of general relativity. These laws are established for a charged Brownian particle moving in a heat reservoir and subjecting to an external electromagnetic field in generic stationary spacetime background, and in order to maintain general covariance, they are presented respectively in terms of the divergences of the energy current and the entropy density current. The stability of the equilibrium state is also analyzed.

Kristin Düüna, Piia Jõul, Merike Vaher

Plants are a natural source of phytochemicals, many of which have favorable bioactive properties for human health and are therefore used in ethnomedicine for preventing and treating a variety of diseases [...]

Zindan Baynal Hubi, Ilham Aji Pangestu, Nursanda Rizki Adhari et al.

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of the Bandung City Regional General Election Commission withits role in improving the political culture of community participants in the city of Bandung. This is mainly in facing the 2018 Bandung Mayor election. This research is a descriptive study thatwas analysed in several ways, namely data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing,and verification. The approach is done qualitatively, while the data collection technique is done by interview and observation. The participants selected in this study were the Regional General Election Commission of the City of Bandung (1 person) and the people of the City of Bandung (7 people). The results of this study indicate that the Bandung City Regional General Elections Commission in improving the political culture of participants with political education carried out various elements in the implementation of the Bandung City Regional Head election in 2018 it is known that the political participation of the community experienced significant growth and far exceeded the target set. The number of voter participants in the city of Bandung in the simultaneous regional head elections (Pilkada) in 2018 has increased compared to the last 5 (five) elections.The results also show that the increasing number of voter participants in the city of Bandung is inseparable from the cooperation of the Bandung City Regional Election Commission with various parties, both community organizations, policymakers, and other organizations in the city of Bandung. In the future, the political participation of the people of Bandung must always be maintained by involving various elements and innovations that adapt to changes and developments in society.

Edith Jacqueline Velázquez Haurón, María Gloria Cabrera Romero

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo proponer lineamientos para políticas y planes de adecuación y protección ambiental de la cuenca Mboi Caé, ciudad de Encarnación, Paraguay, con base en las afecciones ambientales que han sido encontradas en la cuenca en cuestión. En el planteamiento metodológico de la investigación, fueron planteadas tres dimensiones generales de análisis: estado del agua y la cobertura boscosa, el estado del boque y el factor humano. Para la recolección de datos fueron utilizados los siguientes instrumentos: mapeo, observación y transecta, registro fotográfico y análisis documental. En este contexto, pudo verificarse la existencia de uso del suelo inapropiado y no controlado, en la referida cuenca, que está afectando la integridad de este y de la cuenca en general. Otro aspecto identificado fue el manejo forestal inadecuado y la gestión deficiente de los recursos hídricos, los cuales están siendo sobrexplotados e igualmente, ocasionando consecuencias negativas. Las políticas y planes de adecuación y protección ambiental de la cuenca Mboi Caé se enmarcaron en siete líneas de acción principales: monitoreo de la calidad del agua, registro de la información, balance hídrico, mejora del marco legal municipal, educación ambiental, manejo y calidad del suelo y preservación de la biodiversidad.

E. Huguet, M. Le Delliou, M. Fontanini

In previous works, questioning the mathematical nature of the connection in the translations gauge theory formulation of Teleparallel Equivalent to General Relativity (TEGR) Theory led us to propose a new formulation using a Cartan connection. In this review, we summarize the presentation of that proposal and discuss it from a gauge theoretic perspective.

Marcin Brzezicki

A building’s façade is its main interface with the external environment. Adaptive façade, one recent invention in the façade industry, has the capability to change its behaviour in real-time to respond to internal and/or external parameters, by means of materials, components, and systems. Among these, the adaptive shading and the façade glazing are two components that must fit together. This paper focuses on the spatial relationship between these components. It presents the results of the morphological analysis of façades with adaptive shading systems and the spatial relation between the adaptive shading system and the building’s glass envelope. To characterise this relation, we formulated two measures: depth and distance. The results revealed four types of such relations: (i) the shading elements are located outside the building’s glass envelope, (ii) they are covered by the glass envelope, (iii) they are located between the layers of the glazing façade, and (iv) they represent thin coatings that are flush with the surface of the glass. These results provide important insights into the emergence of new aesthetical trends in architecture, especially given the most recent technologies adopted in façades. In conclusion, we bring empirical evidence that the location of the shading system in relation to the glass envelope of a building is the key morphological feature that determines the extent of spatial transformation of the architectural structure on which such a system is installed.

J. Coron, Tancrède Lepoint, Mehdi Tibouchi

А. Богачов

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J. Lambert

M. Ropp, S. Gonzalez