Hasil untuk "Environmental effects of industries and plants"

C. Damalas, I. Eleftherohorinos

Pesticides are widely used in agricultural production to prevent or control pests, diseases, weeds, and other plant pathogens in an effort to reduce or eliminate yield losses and maintain high product quality. Although pesticides are developed through very strict regulation processes to function with reasonable certainty and minimal impact on human health and the environment, serious concerns have been raised about health risks resulting from occupational exposure and from residues in food and drinking water. Occupational exposure to pesticides often occurs in the case of agricultural workers in open fields and greenhouses, workers in the pesticide industry, and exterminators of house pests. Exposure of the general population to pesticides occurs primarily through eating food and drinking water contaminated with pesticide residues, whereas substantial exposure can also occur in or around the home. Regarding the adverse effects on the environment (water, soil and air contamination from leaching, runoff, and spray drift, as well as the detrimental effects on wildlife, fish, plants, and other non-target organisms), many of these effects depend on the toxicity of the pesticide, the measures taken during its application, the dosage applied, the adsorption on soil colloids, the weather conditions prevailing after application, and how long the pesticide persists in the environment. Therefore, the risk assessment of the impact of pesticides either on human health or on the environment is not an easy and particularly accurate process because of differences in the periods and levels of exposure, the types of pesticides used (regarding toxicity and persistence), and the environmental characteristics of the areas where pesticides are usually applied. Also, the number of the criteria used and the method of their implementation to assess the adverse effects of pesticides on human health could affect risk assessment and would possibly affect the characterization of the already approved pesticides and the approval of the new compounds in the near future. Thus, new tools or techniques with greater reliability than those already existing are needed to predict the potential hazards of pesticides and thus contribute to reduction of the adverse effects on human health and the environment. On the other hand, the implementation of alternative cropping systems that are less dependent on pesticides, the development of new pesticides with novel modes of action and improved safety profiles, and the improvement of the already used pesticide formulations towards safer formulations (e.g., microcapsule suspensions) could reduce the adverse effects of farming and particularly the toxic effects of pesticides. In addition, the use of appropriate and well-maintained spraying equipment along with taking all precautions that are required in all stages of pesticide handling could minimize human exposure to pesticides and their potential adverse effects on the environment.

Y. Rouphael, G. Colla

Over the past 10 years, interest in plant biostimulants (PBs) has been on the rise compelled by the growing interest of scientists, extension specialists, private industry, and growers in integrating these products in the array of environmentally friendly tools that secure improved crop performance and yield stability. Based on the new EU regulation PBs are defined through claimed agronomic effects, such as improvement of nutrient use efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stressors and crop quality. This definition entails diverse organic and inorganic substances and/or microorganisms such as humic acids, protein hydrolysates, seaweed extracts, mycorrhizal fungi, and N-fixing bacteria. The current mini-review provides an overview of the direct (stimulatory on C and N metabolism) and indirect (enhancing nutrient uptake and modulating root morphology) mechanisms by which microbial and non-microbial PBs improve nutrient efficiency, plant performance, and physiological status, resilience to environmental stressors and stimulate plant microbiomes. The scientific advances underlying synergistic and additive effects of microbial and non-microbial PBs are compiled and discussed for the first time. The review identifies several perspectives for future research between the scientific community and private industry to design and develop a second generation of PBs products (biostimulant 2.0) with specific biostimulatory action to render agriculture more sustainable and resilient.

I. Vieira, Anna Paula Azevedo de Carvalho, C. Conte‐Junior

Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and natural antioxidant compounds are an emerging trend in the food industry. Incorporating these substances in biobased and biodegradable matrices as polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose, and chitosan) and proteins has highlighted the potential in active food packaging applications due to more significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, UV blocking, oxygen scavenging, water vapor permeability effects, and low environmental impact. In recent years, the migration of metal NPs and metal oxides in food contact packaging and their toxicological potential have raised concerns about the safety of the nanomaterials. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the main biobased and biodegradable polymer nanocomposites, inorganic NPs, natural antioxidants, and their potential use in active food packaging. The intrinsic properties of NPs and natural antioxidant actives in packaging materials are evaluated to extend shelf-life, safety, and food quality. Toxicological and safety aspects of inorganic NPs are highlighted to understand the current controversy on applying some nanomaterials in food packaging. The synergism of inorganic NPs and plant-derived natural antioxidant actives (e.g., vitamins, polyphenols, and carotenoids) and essential oils (EOs) potentiated the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of biodegradable nanocomposite films. Biodegradable packaging films based on green NPs-this is biosynthesized from plant extracts-showed suitable mechanical and barrier properties and had a lower environmental impact and offered efficient food protection. Furthermore, AgNPs and TiO2 NPs released metal ions from packaging into contents insufficiently to cause harm to human cells, which could be helpful to understanding critical gaps and provide progress in the packaging field.

Bau Toknok, Amati Eltriman Hulu, Rizky Purnama et al.

This study aimed to detect mangrove cover, analyze spatio-temporal changes, and assess mangrove health conditions in South Banawa District, Donggala Regency, using multi-temporal Sentinel-2A imagery. Mangrove detection was conducted using a machine learning based Decision Tree algorithm, while mangrove health was evaluated using the Mangrove Health Index (MHI). The variables included spectral bands and multiple spectral indices (NDVI, NDBI, MNDWI, CMRI, NBR, GCI, SIPI, and ARVI). The classification model demonstrated very high performance, with Overall Accuracy, Kappa, and F1-Score values exceeding 98%. The results indicated a decline in mangrove area from 123.96 ha to 95.5 ha, equivalent to a loss of 28.46 ha (22.96%) during the observation period. Degradation was spatially concentrated in areas with high accessibility and proximity to shrimp farming activities. Despite this decline, mangrove conditions were predominantly classified as healthy (87.56%), followed by moderate (12.41%) and poor (0.03%) categories. MHI-based mitigation strategies prioritize low-index areas for restoration through hydrological rehabilitation and buffer zone establishment, while healthy areas are primarily focused on conservation and periodic monitoring. This approach supports data-driven conservation planning, restoration prioritization, and sustainable coastal management based on remote sensing and machine learning.

Alaa H. Hamel, Wijdan H. Al-Tamimi and Murtadha H. Fayadh

Bacteria isolated from oil reservoir environments possess unique enzymes that allow them to adapt to extreme environments, making them ideal candidates for producing high-value nanomaterials that can be used in various fields. In the present study, eight samples were collected from Badra and Ahdab oil fields in Iraq, the bacteria isolated and identified based on the 16SrRNA gene, and the isolates were screened for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The characteristics of the AgNPs were analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, zeta potential measurements, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results indicated the dominance of Gram-positive bacteria, with a percentage of 18 (72%). Genetic identification revealed that the bacteria were under 6 genera and 16 species; these genera include Enterococcus, Priestia, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, and Bacillus. Seven new strains have been deposited in GenBank. The results of screening isolates for synthesized AgNPs showed high efficiency of a novel strain, Bacillus halotolerans strain AhWM4, with the maximum absorption peak at 430 nm. The average size of AgNPs using XRD, FE-SEM, and TEM was (31.3, 27.0, and 42.1) nm, respectively. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements showed a wide dispersion with an effective diameter of 57.1 nm; the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum matched the crystalline nature of the AgNPs. It also showed high stability, with a zeta potential of -42.3 mV. AgNPs have attracted considerable attention due to their staggering potential for a wide range of commercial and environmental applications.

Shweta Surendra Chikhale, Girish R. Pathade and Wasim R. Bagwan

Water pollution resulting from nutrient-rich wastewater (WW) discharged by industries such as distilleries, sugar mills, and dairy farms poses significant ecological and public health challenges. Conventional treatment methods often fail to effectively reduce nutrient loads, contributing to environmental degradation. This review critically examines the use of duckweed (Lemna spp.), a fast-growing aquatic plant, as a sustainable solution for wastewater remediation. Duckweed demonstrates a high capacity for nutrient uptake, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), while simultaneously producing protein-rich biomass suitable for animal feed. The review synthesizes findings on the effectiveness of duckweed-based systems in reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD), and explores their integration into circular economy models that couple wastewater treatment with resource recovery. Additionally, it addresses current limitations in system design, scalability, and long-term implementation, highlighting areas requiring further research. Overall, duckweed-based wastewater treatment offers a costeffective, eco-friendly strategy to enhance environmental sustainability and food-feed security.

Elifsu Nemli, D. Günal‐Köroğlu, R. Apak et al.

The plant-based oil industry contributes significantly to food waste/by-products in the form of underutilized biomass, including oil pomace, cake/meal, seeds, peels, wastewater, etc. These waste/by-products contain a significant quantity of nutritious and bioactive compounds (phenolics, lignans, flavonoids, dietary fiber, proteins, and essential minerals) with proven health-promoting effects. The utilization of them as natural, cost-effective, and food-grade functional ingredients in novel food formulations holds considerable potential. This review highlights the potential of waste/by-products generated during plant-based oil processing as a promising source of bioactive compounds and covers systematic research, including recent studies focusing on innovative extraction and processing techniques. It also sheds light on their promising potential for valorization as food ingredients, with a focus on specific examples of food fortification. Furthermore, the potential for value creation in the food industry is emphasized, taking into account associated challenges and limitations, as well as future perspectives. Overall, the current information suggests that the valorization of plant-based oil industry waste and by-products for use in the food industry could substantially reduce malnutrition and poverty, generate favorable health outcomes, mitigate environmental concerns, and enhance economic profit in a sustainable way by developing health-promoting, environmentally sustainable food systems.

Bakri Bakri, Momon Sodik Imanudin Imanudin, A Napoleon et al.

The use of peatlands for plantations and industrial tree plantations is increasingly widespread and causes land degradation due to excessive drainage. Meanwhile, adaptive agricultural efforts are not yet appropriate for maintaining the peatland environment. This study aimed to assess peatland degradation in Perigi Village, Pangkalan Lampam District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. Data obtained were analyzed using a descriptive method, followed by an evaluation of the determination of the level of land degradation with standard criteria for land degradation in wetlands based on the Regulation of the Indonesian Minister of Environment No. 20, 2008. The observations, field measurements, and laboratory analysis showed that the three lands experienced moderate degradation. The parameters that limit and contribute to the land degradation score to a moderately degraded status are shallow groundwater depth, redox, and soil pH that exceeded the threshold value. Adaptive technology must accommodate local knowledge and can increase farmer income.

Piya Gosalvitr, Rosa M. Cuéllar-Franca, Robin Smith et al.

This study quantifies and compares the life cycle environmental and economic sustainability of five most common and widely researched valorisation routes for spent coffee grounds (SCGs): i) fuel pelletizing; ii) combination of transesterification and pyrolysis; iii) pyrolysis; iv) combination of transesterification and fermentation; and v) anaerobic digestion. The scope of the study is from cradle-to-gate and the functional unit is defined as the “treatment of 1 t of SCGs”. The results indicate that fuel pelletizing is the best option from the environmental point of view, with all 19 impacts considered being net-negative. Pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion are the second-best options with 18 net-negative impacts, followed by the combination of transesterification with pyrolysis, with 13 net-negative impacts. Transesterification and fermentation is the worst option for 16 categories, including climate change, due to the lowest credits from the products produced. The results of the economic sustainability assessment reveal that all options earn profits and are economically feasible. Pyrolysis is the most economically sustainable alternative with a profit of £172/t SCGs, which is 2–3 times higher than for the other options. Transesterification and fermentation is again the worst option but still earning a profit of £58/t. Applying multi-criteria decision analysis reveals that pyrolysis is the best and transesterification and fermentation the least sustainable option. Therefore, coffee producers, local authorities, and other relevant stakeholders could consider prioritising pyrolysis for achieving both economic and environmental benefits. Fuel pelletizing, transesterification & pyrolysis, and anaerobic digestion should also be considered as they too offer significant sustainability benefits.

Fawaz Parapurath, Rashmirekha Senapati, Argha Ghosh, Bama Shankar Rath and Deepti Verma

Forests are essential to the terrestrial ecosystem, which supports a sustainable way of life and economy for people. As a result of their ability to capture atmospheric carbon dioxide and mitigate its worldwide consequences, forests are crucial for halting climate change. In light of this context, the current study’s objective is to assess the changes in Land Use & Land Cover (LULC) and forest cover across the North Eastern Ghat Zone (NEGZ) of Odisha, India, from 1990 to 2020. Firstly, multi-year preprocessed Landsat data at ten-year intervals (1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020) were collected using cloud computing Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, and the entire region was divided into five separate classes based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) thresholds viz., Very Dense Forest (VDF), Moderately Dense Forest (MDF), Open Forest (OF), and Non- Forest Land (NFL). Through the use of Supervised & Unsupervised techniques of classification, five main LULC categories were also established, viz., Agriculture, Barren Lands, Forest, Settlements, and Water Bodies. The results infer that the forest cover was reduced by 20%, wherein a gradual decrease in the VDF area by 14.21% of the NEGZ was significant during the study period. Unlike the VDF dynamics, the OF coverage showed a slight increase of 4.56% of NEGZ. On the contrary, the settlement area increased by about 130%. However, this study could infer that the expansion of settlements due to population hike is the primary driver of deforestation and forest fragmentation (because the population growth and increased settlements accounted for 97% and 93% of the variability in forest cover). Additionally, it was found that the variation in the forest cover could explain 45% variability of the mean air temperature as indicated by the coefficient of determination. Therefore, by placing special focus on the aforementioned findings and conclusions, we may conclude that the current study may contribute to research on forest management, climate change mitigation, and sustainable development.

Kepeng Lin, Qizhe Zhang, Rui Wang et al.

Understanding the underlying linguistic rules of plant genomes remains a fundamental challenge in computational biology. Recent advances including AgroNT and PDLLMs have made notable progress although, they suffer from excessive parameter size and limited ability to model the bidirectional nature of DNA strands respectively. To address these limitations, we propose PlantBiMoE, a lightweight and expressive plant genome language model that integrates bidirectional Mamba and a Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (SparseMoE) framework. The bidirectional Mamba enables the model to effectively capture structural dependencies across both the forward and reverse DNA strands, while SparseMoE significantly reduces the number of active parameters, improving computational efficiency without sacrificing modeling capacity. We evaluated and tested our model on the Modified Plants Genome Benchmark (MPGB), an enhanced genomic benchmark, which consolidates 31 datasets across 11 representative tasks, with input sequence lengths ranging from 50 to 6,000 bp. Experimental results demonstrate that PlantBiMoE achieves the best performance on 20 out of 31 datasets and the average best when comparing with existing models. In summary, all above results demonstrate that our model can effectively represent plant genomic sequences, serving as a robust computational tool for diverse genomic tasks, while making substantive contributions to plant genomics, gene editing, and synthetic biology. The code is available at: https://github.com/HUST-Keep-Lin/PlantBiMoE

Jing Li, Giulia Forghieri, Danny Geelen et al.

Climate change is a major threat to crop potential and is characterized by both long-term shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns as well as increased occurrence of extreme weather events, these extreme weather events are the most immediate and intractable threat to agriculture. Crop resilience in the face of stress depends upon the speed and effectiveness with which plants and cropping systems sense and respond to that stress. A variety of agronomic practices including breeding, exogenous inputs (nutrients, water, biostimulants and others) and shifts in cultivation practice have been used to influence plant stress response to achieve the goal of increased plant and cropping system resilience. Traditional breeding is a powerful tool that has resulted in stable and long-term cultivar improvements but is often too slow and complex to meet the diverse, complex and unpredictable challenges of climate induced stresses. Increased inputs (water, nutrients, pesticides etc.) and management strategies (cropping system choice, soil management etc.) can alleviate stress but are often constrained by cost and availability of inputs. Exogenous biostimulants, microbials and plant hormones have shown great promise as mechanisms to optimize natural plant resilience resulting in immediate but non-permanent improvements in plant responses to climate induced stresses. The failure to modernize regulatory frameworks for the use of biostimulants in agriculture will constrain the development of safe effective tools and deprive growers of means to respond to the vagaries of climate change. Here we discuss the scientific rationale for eliminating the regulatory barriers that constrain the potential for biostimulants or products that modulate plant regulatory networks to address climate change challenges and propose a framework for enabling legislation to strengthen cropping system resilience.

Yang Yang, Risa Shinoda, Hiroaki Santo et al.

We present a method for jointly recovering the appearance and internal structure of botanical plants from multi-view images based on 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS). While 3DGS exhibits robust reconstruction of scene appearance for novel-view synthesis, it lacks structural representations underlying those appearances (e.g., branching patterns of plants), which limits its applicability to tasks such as plant phenotyping. To achieve both high-fidelity appearance and structural reconstruction, we introduce GaussianPlant, a hierarchical 3DGS representation, which disentangles structure and appearance. Specifically, we employ structure primitives (StPs) to explicitly represent branch and leaf geometry, and appearance primitives (ApPs) to the plants' appearance using 3D Gaussians. StPs represent a simplified structure of the plant, i.e., modeling branches as cylinders and leaves as disks. To accurately distinguish the branches and leaves, StP's attributes (i.e., branches or leaves) are optimized in a self-organized manner. ApPs are bound to each StP to represent the appearance of branches or leaves as in conventional 3DGS. StPs and ApPs are jointly optimized using a re-rendering loss on the input multi-view images, as well as the gradient flow from ApP to StP using the binding correspondence information. We conduct experiments to qualitatively evaluate the reconstruction accuracy of both appearance and structure, as well as real-world experiments to qualitatively validate the practical performance. Experiments show that the GaussianPlant achieves both high-fidelity appearance reconstruction via ApPs and accurate structural reconstruction via StPs, enabling the extraction of branch structure and leaf instances.

William C. Quigley, Mohamed Rahouti, Gary M. Weiss

The maritime industry is governed by stringent environmental regulations, most notably the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). Ensuring compliance with these regulations is difficult due to low inspection rates and the risk of data fabrication. To address these issues, this paper proposes a secure blockchain-assisted framework for real-time maritime environmental compliance monitoring. By integrating IoT and shipboard sensors with blockchain technology, the framework ensures immutable and transparent record-keeping of environmental data. Smart contracts automate compliance verification and notify relevant authorities in case of non-compliance. A proof-of-concept case study on sulfur emissions demonstrates the framework's efficacy in enhancing MARPOL enforcement through real-time data integrity and regulatory adherence. The proposed system leverages the Polygon blockchain for scalability and efficiency, providing a robust solution for maritime environmental protection. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed blockchain-enhanced compliance monitoring system effectively and securely ensures real-time regulatory adherence with high scalability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, leveraging the robust capabilities of the Polygon blockchain.

Anoop C. Patil, Benny Jian Rong Sng, Yu-Wei Chang et al.

Detecting stress in plants is crucial for both open-farm and controlled-environment agriculture. Biomolecules within plants serve as key stress indicators, offering vital markers for continuous health monitoring and early disease detection. Raman spectroscopy provides a powerful, non-invasive means to quantify these biomolecules through their molecular vibrational signatures. However, traditional Raman analysis relies on customized data-processing workflows that require fluorescence background removal and prior identification of Raman peaks of interest-introducing potential biases and inconsistencies. Here, we introduce DIVA (Deep-learning-based Investigation of Vibrational Raman spectra for plant-stress Analysis), a fully automated workflow based on a variational autoencoder. Unlike conventional approaches, DIVA processes native Raman spectra-including fluorescence backgrounds-without manual preprocessing, identifying and quantifying significant spectral features in an unbiased manner. We applied DIVA to detect a range of plant stresses, including abiotic (shading, high light intensity, high temperature) and biotic stressors (bacterial infections). By integrating deep learning with vibrational spectroscopy, DIVA paves the way for AI-driven plant health assessment, fostering more resilient and sustainable agricultural practices.

Ivone Lima Santos, A. M. Rodrigues, E. Amante et al.

The increased international interest in the properties of soursop (Annona muricata) alerts us to the sustainability of productive chain by-products, which are rich in phytochemicals and other properties justifying their industrial application in addition to reducing the environmental impact and generating income. Chemical characteristics of soursop by-products are widely known in the scientific community; this fruit has several therapeutic effects, especially its leaves, enabling it to be used by the pharmaceutical industry. Damaged and non-standard fruits (due to falling and crushing) (30–50%), seeds (3–8.5%), peels (7–20%), and leaves, although they constitute discarded waste, can be considered as by-products. There are other less cited parts of the plant that also have phytochemical components, such as the columella and the epidermis of the stem and root. Tropical countries are examples of producers where soursop is marketed as fresh fruit or frozen pulp, and the valorization of all parts of the fruit could represent important environmental and economic perspectives. Based on the chemical composition of the fruit as well as its by-products and leaves, this work discusses proposals for the valorization of these materials. Soursop powder, bioactive compounds, oil, biochar, biodiesel, bio-oil, and other products based on published studies are presented in this work, offering new ideas for opportunities for the regions and consumers that produce soursop.

Adzran Mustapa, Z. Kallas, L. López-Mas et al.

Abstract BACKGROUND With growing concerns over the adverse effects of animal‐derived products on health, animal welfare and the environment, the rising popularity of plant‐based foods underscores the importance of understanding consumer preferences and determining acceptance. The present study takes the form of a case study that utilized innovative legume‐based flours to develop multiple gnocchi products. The Becker–DeGroot–Marschak (BDM) mechanism as an auction method was employed to elicit consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) following a hedonic evaluation test involving 127 Spanish consumers. RESULTS The findings indicate that a majority of consumers exhibit a high level of environmental concern, coupled with increased trust in, as well as perceptions of, the benefits of consuming plant‐based products. However, they demonstrated moderate attitudes with regard to plant‐based products. Notably, product sample tasting had a negative impact on consumers’ WTP for legume‐based gnocchi. The respondents' education level, income, financial situation, government support, environmental concerns, perceived risks, flavor and color significantly influenced consumers’ WTP. CONCLUSION The present study offers initial insights into consumer attitudes and WTP for legume‐based products in Spain. The findings are of relevance for producers and marketers aiming to promote environmentally‐sustainable food production and consumption. They may also play a pivotal role in facilitating the successful introduction and sale of such plant‐based products in the Spanish market. Going forward, addressing any limitations of this study and exploring further research avenues will be crucial for refining our understanding of consumer behavior in this context. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Widowati Widowati, Retno Wilujeng, Nurhidayati Nurhidayati et al.

The low fertility of post-brick mining soil may be improved by applying biochar to the soil because biochar is an excellent soil amendment, although its quality varies depending on the raw materials used. Therefore, soil fertility, nutrient availability, and crop yields are affected by the type and amount of biochar added to soils. This study examined the effect of types and dosages of biochar on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium availability of post-brick mining soil to increase maize yield. The treatment combinations of biochar dosages (0 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1, 30 t ha-1, and 45 t ha-1) and biochar types (coconut shell, wood, and rice husk biochars) were arranged in randomized block design with three replications. Each treatment plot measuring 4 m x 4.5 m was planted with maize seeds with a planting space of 80 cm x 25 cm. Urea (135 kg N ha-1), SP36 (36 kg P2O5 ha-1), and KCl (110 kg K2O ha-1) were applied as basal fertilizers. The results showed that at eight weeks after biochar application, the amount and type of biochar positively affected maize yield. The application of rice-husk biochar at 30 t ha-1 resulted in the highest maize yield. The application of each type of biochar at 45 t ha-1 yielded the highest increase in the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil.

Mihir Rambhia, Rebekka Volk, Behzad Rismanchi et al.

Urban Green Space management requires a multi-dimensional, evidence-based approach to effectively balance social, environmental, and economic objectives. City administrators currently lack a data-driven framework for allocating resources during constraint scenarios, leading to subjective decisions. Existing literature lacks objective solutions for managing city-scale green spaces, each with its distinct characteristics. Another challenge is handling varied spatial scales required for urban applications. This study proposes a novel goal programming-based model for urban green space management wherein multiple benefit objectives, such as conserving sequestered carbon in trees and enhancing quality and accessibility of parks, as well as handling demand constraints on available resources like water and personnel, are included. The proposed method was demonstrated in two cities with diverse conditions, Berlin and Melbourne, and evaluated on various benefit metrics, such as allocated green space units, resources consumed, and goals achieved. The model was analyzed with resource allocation decisions and goals at different spatial scales. The highest benefit achievement and resource allocation were observed when resources were allocated at the sub-district scale with a city-level target. Alternatively, setting targets at the district level provided a more even resource distribution; however, at the cost of reduced overall benefits. Results show that the proposed method increased the total benefits gained while effectively balancing conflicting goals and constraints. Additionally, it allows incorporating the city’s preferences and priorities, offering a scalable solution for informed decision-making in varied urban applications. Depending on data availability, this approach can be scaled to other cities, including additional benefits and resource constraints as required.

Windy Kartika Putri Widayanti, Djagal Wiseso Marseno, Didik Purwadi

Although the Government of Magelang District has local policies for land protection from degradation, landslide disaster has hampered the construction of the Rehabilitation of Farm Road (RJUT) of organic rice of UPLAND program in 2022 in Bandongan Sub-District and caused loss of farmer’s agricultural land in Sawangan. This research aimed to describe the impacts of land degradation, the relevance of local policy substance to the protection of upland farmland from degradation, identify the vulnerability of natural resources and build the integration concept consisting of resilience of natural resources and agroecology. The research was conducted in Grabag, Sawangan, and Bandongan Sub-Districts. The research method was descriptive qualitative by interviewing 18 farmers and 13 key informants by purposeful sampling and field observations. Qualitative data analysis using QDA Miner software. The results showed that local policies in Regional Regulation Number 18 of 2017 concerning the Development of Competitive and Environmentally Sound Agricultural Products and the Decree of the Head of the Agriculture and Food Service Office of Magelang District Number 188.4/694/SK/20/2021 concerning Determination of Prospective Farmers and Prospective Locations (CPCL) of UPLAND Activities in Magelang District are less relevant to protect land from holistic degradation (quality and ecological due to landslides) causing vulnerability to the resilience of natural resources. Therefore, it needs innovations in the form of public policies that are comprehensive, holistic, and integral through the integration model of natural resource resilience and sustainability of irrigation systems in upland agricultural land protection systems complementing each other.