Hasil untuk "Economics as a science"

Daniele Coen-Pirani

Petrukha Nina M., Petrukha Serhii V. , Tiurmenko Yaroslav M. et al.

The article surveys the introduction of rational allocation of financial and material resources in the sphere of security and defense as a factor that significantly enhances the resilience of the State against modern challenges. The conditions of dynamic changes in the security environment that necessitate the use of the latest methods for assessing economic feasibility and optimizing strategic planning in the sphere of security and defense capability are considered. Special attention is given to the development of scientifically grounded approaches and econometric models to enhance the resilience and adaptability of the new defense economy. In the study, statistical data from 20 security and defense projects implemented in Ukraine, which encompass the development of new weaponry prototypes and the modernization of existing defense and security systems, were analyzed. The multiple regression method was used to assess the impact of key factors on current costs, as well as the least squares method to build a mathematical model for forecasting expenditure levels and optimizing the material and financial resources involved. It is determined that the largest impact on costs comes from management and operational items, main supply resources, and long-term investment needs. A level model of strategic management has been developed, taking into account innovative, risk, and inflation components, which confirms that high-tech projects with significant innovative potential ensure long-term economic efficiency. Prospects for further research include expanding the database to analyze a larger number of projects, implementing digital cost monitoring tools, and adapting the constructed econometric model to the conditions of other countries and defense systems. A priority direction is the development of integrated methods for assessing risks and effectiveness in the context of global transformational challenges.

V. B. Dankova

Introduction. The social order of the pedagogical education system is aimed at forming independent experience in research activities (R&D) in future teachers, which made it possible to emphasize the relevance of the problem of developing third-year students’ ability for self-management of the individual as a result of writing a final qualifying work (FQW). The ability for self-management is considered as an integrated quality of the individual, which provides them with independent regulation of self-development and self-management of their professional and pedagogical self-determination in R&D. Goal. The aim of the study was a comprehensive process of describing the development of students’ ability for self-management in R&D, which contributes to the professional and pedagogical development of the individual when performing scientific work. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study were the main works devoted to the study of the ability for self-management of the individual byN.M. Peysakhova, N.K. Tutyshkina et al. The study of the hierarchically organized system of student self-government (self-processes) in professional and pedagogical development in the research and educational institution was conducted using the adapted methodology of N.M. Peysakhov in 2024. The study involved 20 third-year full-time undergraduate students of Pedagogical Education (Preschool Education profile) in the Institute of Psychology and Education of the Kazan Federal University. Mathematical statistical and correlation analysis of the results processing was carried out using Excel 2010 programs. Results and discussion. The work presents empirical data on the development of the ability to self-government of an individual, illustrating the feasibility of developing support for the  professional and pedagogical development of students from the first year of study in the context of the implementation of the main professional educational program of higher education for the development of self-government ability in the research and educational institution, ensuring the formation of a hierarchically organized system of self-processes for writing final qualifying work. Conclusion. The presented empirical data can be used in designing a system for supporting students in the process of writing a scientific research, taking into account a hierarchically organized system for developing the ability to self-manage in scientific research, which contributes to self-determination and self-development in the profession

Hong Yin, Lu Zhang, Chuangneng Cai et al.

Carrying out green technological innovation is a necessary way for enterprises to realize high-quality development, and government fiscal and tax incentive policy is an important initiative to promote enterprises' green technological innovation. This paper selects the A-share listed enterprises on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2018 to 2022 as research samples to empirically test the impact of fiscal and tax incentive policies on the green innovation performance of enterprises. The results of the study show that fiscal and tax incentive policies enhance the green innovation performance of enterprises, with both government subsidies and tax incentives significantly promoting the green innovation performance of enterprises. The mechanism test finds that the fiscal and tax incentive policies enhance the green innovation performance of enterprises mainly through the fulfillment of ESG responsibilities, as reflected explicitly in the fact that the fiscal and tax incentive policies can better enhance awareness of enterprise environmental responsibility, promote the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility, and improve the corporate governance system. Further test results show that both fiscal and tax incentive policies in state-owned and non-state-owned enterprises significantly promote corporate green innovation performance. Moreover, fiscal and tax incentive policies in Central China significantly promote corporate green innovation performance. In contrast, government subsidies in Eastern China significantly promote corporate green innovation performance, but the promotion effect is lower than that in Central China. This paper expands on the role of fiscal and tax incentive policies in influencing the green innovation performance of enterprises, which is of great significance in helping the government to change the direction and focus of fiscal and tax incentive policies promptly in order to improve the efficiency of those policies and better promote the green innovation of enterprises.

Laura A. Bakkensen, Lala Ma, Lucija Muehlenbachs et al.

Taufiq Marwa, Muizzuddin, Abdul Bashir et al.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent a fundamental global commitment to addressing a wide range of socio-economic and environmental challenges. A key component of these goals is the commitment to ocean sustainability, encapsulated in the concept of the blue economy. The blue economy, emerging in an era characterized by intricate dynamics and openness to transformation, is influenced by various determinants. This study utilizes panel data analysis and the pooled least squares method to investigate the factors influencing the share of the blue economy in the archipelagic provinces of Indonesia from 2012 to 2021. With its vast maritime territory and numerous islands, Indonesia provides a highly relevant context for examining these dynamics. The empirical results indicate that information and communication technology (ICT), fisheries capture, and aquaculture production positively impact the blue economy’s share. Conversely, trade openness and electricity consumption exhibit a negative relationship with the blue economy’s share. Moreover, the analysis reveals that investment does not have a significant effect on the blue economy’s share. These findings underscore the critical importance of developing robust infrastructure and implementing stringent regulatory oversight on fishery product trade to enhance sustainable growth within the blue economy framework.

Economics and Business Letters

Most cited papers according to the Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for Economics and Business Letters (as of March 2023). Articles published from 2012 to 2022.

MIRICĂ ANDREEA, PETCU IONELA-ROXANA

In the present context, the consumption and saving patterns are subjected to change both locally and worldwide. The evidence on consumption reveals the importance of data handling and processing using the most relevant tools available. This research paper looks into official statistics data of Consumer Price Indexes (CPI) for milling and baking products and is based on seasonal adjustment. As such, JDemetra+ software is selected as officially recommended by Eurostat for seasonal adjustment. First section presents the official software recommended by Eurostat for seasonal adjustment, while section two discusses the characteristics and functionalities of the software. Furthermore, the following section presents the selected seasonal adjustment technique and describes the usage of monthly data. Section four analysing the results of all the seasonality tests for the selected series is followed next by a brief concluding remarks and observations section. Moreover, in terms of the conducted analysis, the paper examines to test JDemetra+ 3.0.0 pre-release version against JDemetra+ 2.2.4. Evidence favouring JDemetra+ 2.2.4 is obtained, the results showing that some new strategies might be needed in order to obtain better results on seasonal adjustment process using TRAMO-SEATS in JDemetra+ 3.0.0. Seasonal adjustment practitioners in official statistics should be aware and recognize the impact of statistical package selection. In this respect, optimal selection of analysis procedures is needed in the evaluation of a series and thus migrating from JDemetra+ 2.2.4 to JDemetra+ 3.0.0 is problematic without employing resources in developing appropriate strategies for improvement of the obtained results.

A. V. Nekhaev

The essay raises questions about the origins of altruistic behaviour. A proper understanding of such behaviours must take into account the evidence of our best biological theories, which indicate that in the animal world (including Homo Sapiens Sapiens) there is no place for genuine altruism. What we often mistakenly call ‘altruism’ is the result of selfish genes.

Nataliya Yudina

The war in Ukraine has exacerbated the situation of significant uncertainty in the world. Understanding economic background of the reasons and also long-term forecasting its consequences for the world economy is very important. This article is to be included into the critical mass of different points of view for developing the approach to this item. Two untypical features of the global economy were shown as the economic butterfly consequences of the previous concept of the world development. The transferring to the information society and the technogenic era assumed the main reasons of them. The main features of the contemporary stage of the global economy and the high likelihood of the wars were demonstrated in the article. But the necessity to define the future economic values correctly was highlighted. It was demonstrated that the war in Ukraine will change the branch structure of the global economy and its type. The futurological lucrative perspectives for the Ukrainian economy were shown for supporting the development of the information society and the technogenic economy.

V. Kozyuk, N. Kishko

China's automotive industry is recovering rapidly in 2022 and is directly affecting the economies of many countries, and the electric car market is competing with the world's largest car companies and is the most promising for investment. Cars have revolutionized the concept of mobility, making it easier for goods and people to move around geographical regions than ever before. Over the decades, developed countries have witnessed how increased vehicle ownership and improved transport infrastructure have led to countering urbanization - the migration of people, businesses and industry from cities to the recently underdeveloped suburbs. This trend is spreading to emerging economies. There is one car for every five people worldwide; in the US there is one car for 1.25 citizens. However, in China, despite the 300 million cars per 1,000 people, there are only 173 cars. But, in 2009, the Chinese car market became the largest in the world, surpassing the US market in both sales and production. The automotive industry has provided 5% of the country's annual GDP annually since 2002, and accounted for 7.4% of GDP in 2010. Cars can improve the quality of life by increasing mobility, comfort and safety. For the Chinese society, the automotive industry has always been an attractive topic. On the one hand, this industry has long remained outside the system of state planning. Due to the emphasis on industrial capital goods rather than consumer goods, the passenger vehicle sector (including car manufacturing) has not been a key industry for decades, which is a typical Gerschenkron strategy of industrialization. It was only after China's "automotive policy of 1994" that car production was recognized as a national industry, along with the entire automotive sector. This, in turn, has led not only to an increase in the number of car factories, but also to a deterioration of the air in the country. This, of course, had an additional negative impact on people's lives, forcing them to leave the city to live in cleaner areas

Yanuar Surya Putra, Lieli Suharti, Gatot Sasongko

In the era industrial revolution 4.0 and the development of online-based learning systems, lecturers are required to be more creative and innovative. This study aims to examine the effect of psychological empowerment and intergenerational learning on the innovative work behavior of lecturers with a climate of age diversity as a mediating variable. The type of this research is explanatory research. The population of this research is lecturers from private universities in Central Java. By using accidental sampling, obtained 152 lecturers who became respondents in this study. The data analysis technique used the Partial Least Square (PLS) test using the SmartPLS. The results of the study revealed that psychological empowerment and intergenerational learning had a significant and positive effect on lecturers' innovative work behavior. However, the climate of age diversity was found not to be a fully mediating variable on innovative work behavior. The results of this study provide managerial implications that it is important in the work environment of higher institution to apply psychological empowerment practices towards lecturers to improve lecturers' innovative work behavior. In addition, the efforts to encourage learning between lecturers of different generations are also important.

Minh Chau Nguyen

This study proposes and evaluates a framework in examining the effects of destination image and environmental beliefs on the willingness to pay (WTP) for green hotels. Additionally, the study finds that the role of customer attitude to green hotels has an important role in the proposed framework. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with 317 valid responses. CFA and SEM were employed to analyze data through SPSS AMOS 20.0 software. The findings show that destination image has the largest direct impact on attitude to green hotels while environmental beliefs have the largest direct effect on WTP premium for green hotels. Moreover, attitude to green hotels plays a mediating role between destination image and the WTP and between environmental beliefs and the WTP.

O. Bogatyrov, О. Baula, O. Liutak et al.

Abstract. The article describes the dynamics of Ukraine’s position in the Global Innovation Index for 2015—2019. It is revealed that the domestic economy has a high educational and scientific potential, is able to produce various innovations in the form of ideas, scientific developments, patents; the bottlenecks of Ukraine in the state of innovative development are the state of cluster development, the share of foreign direct investment in GDP, the online service of the government, the use of information and communication technologies, the availability of joint agreements on strategic alliances, the state of domestic lending to the private sector, the export of goods of the creative economy, the volume of microfinance loans, the presence of firms offering formal training, the state of cooperation between universities and production, agreements with venture capital. It is proved that the problem of improving the financial mechanism for ensuring innovation processes in the economic system of Ukraine requires a priority solution. Developments on increasing the innovative component of increasing Ukraine’s international competitiveness are impossible without adequate financial support. The article examines the foreign experience of state support for innovation activities. It is revealed that in developed countries — the world’s leading innovation leaders, public policy provides for direct funding of scientific research and through tax measures encourages private sector R&D spending. The concept of financial support for increasing the innovative component of Ukraine’s international competitiveness, which should be implemented at the strategic, tactical and operational levels, is proposed. To ensure a sustainable level of international competitiveness of the country through increasing the innovation component, it is important to implement a system of measures to monitor threats even at the stage of their origin and prevent the spread of their negative impact. Therefore, the methods and tools for implementing the proposed concept contain components of threat prevention: economic (tax incentives; transfers ;direct budget investments; grants; concessional lending; cooperation with foreign institutions, etc.), organizational (development of innovative infrastructure; consulting assistance; personnel support; creation of clusters using the potential of education, business, government, public; creation of regional clusters with innovation and industry production, etc.), institutional (techno parks, business incubators, analytical centres, etc.), regulatory (strategies, concepts, plans, programs) and social levers (conducting business trainings, implementing joint social projects, etc.). Keywords: innovation, Global Innovation Index, financial support for innovative development, international competitiveness, cluster. JEL Classification O11, O19, O16, O33, E62, F20 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 2; bibl: 16.

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta et al.

Mesons comprising a beauty quark and a strange quark can oscillate between particle (B0s) and antiparticle (B0s) flavour eigenstates, with a frequency given by the mass difference between heavy and light mass eigenstates, deltams. Here we present ameasurement of deltams using B0s2DsPi decays produced in proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The oscillation frequency is found to be deltams = 17.7683 +- 0.0051 +- 0.0032 ps-1, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This measurement improves upon the current deltams precision by a factor of two. We combine this result with previous LHCb measurements to determine deltams = 17.7656 +- 0.0057 ps-1, which is the legacy measurement of the original LHCb detector.

Luxhita Guntiara Ferdi Purnama, Luxhita Guntiara Ferdi Purnama

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk dan promosi terhadap keputusan pembelian Dewi Amertha Coffee. Variabel independen pada penelitian ini adalah kualitas produk dan promosi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan di peroleh sebanyak 140 responden. Teknik analisis pada penelitian ini menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan antara kualitas produk dan promosi terhadap keputusan pembelian.   Kata kunci: Kualitas Produk, Promosi , Keputusan Pembelian

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta et al.

A measurement of four branching-fraction ratios for three-body decays of $B$ mesons involving two open-charm hadrons in the final state is presented. Run 1 and Run 2 $pp$ collision data are used, recorded by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies $7$, $8$, and $13$ TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9$ fb$^{-1}$. The measured branching-fraction ratios are \[ \begin{eqnarray} \frac{\mathcal{B} (B^+\to D^{*+}D^-K^+)}{\mathcal{B} (B^+\to \kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em D}{}^0 D^0 K^+)} &=& 0.517 \pm 0.015 \pm 0.013 \pm 0.011 , \\ \frac{\mathcal{B} (B^+\to D^{*-}D^+K^+)}{\mathcal{B} (B^+\to \kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em D}{}^0 D^0 K^+)} &=& 0.577 \pm 0.016 \pm 0.013 \pm 0.013 , \\ \frac{\mathcal{B} (B^0\to D^{*-}D^0K^+)}{\mathcal{B} (B^0\to D^- D^0 K^+)} &=& 1.754 \pm 0.028 \pm 0.016 \pm 0.035 , \\ \frac{\mathcal{B} (B^+\to D^{*+}D^-K^+)}{\mathcal{B} (B^+\to D^{*-}D^+K^+)} &=& 0.907 \pm 0.033 \pm 0.014 ,\end{eqnarray} \] where the first of the uncertainties is statistical, the second systematic, and the third is due to the uncertainties on the $D$-meson branching fractions. These are the most accurate measurements of these ratios to date.

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta et al.

Using a proton-proton collision data sample collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.5 fb$^{-1}$, the observation of a new excited $Ξ_b^0$ resonance decaying to the $Ξ_b^-π^+$ final state is presented. The state, referred to as $Ξ_b(6227)^0$, has a measured mass and natural width of $m(Ξ_b(6227)^0) = 6227.1^{\,+1.4}_{\,-1.5}\pm0.5$ MeV, $Γ(Ξ_b(6227)^0) = 18.6^{\,+5.0}_{\,-4.1}\pm1.4$ MeV, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic. The production rate of the $Ξ_b(6227)^0$ state relative to that of the $Ξ_b^-$ baryon in the kinematic region $2<η<5$ and $p_{\rm T}<30$ GeV is measured to be $\frac{f_{Ξ_b(6227)^0}}{f_{Ξ_b^-}}{\mathcal{B}}(Ξ_b(6227)^0\toΞ_b^-π^+) = 0.045\pm0.008\pm0.004$, where ${\mathcal{B}}(Ξ_b(6227)^0\toΞ_b^-π^+)$ is the branching fraction of the decay, and $f_{Ξ_b(6227)^0}$ and $f_{Ξ_b^-}$ represent fragmentation fractions. Improved measurements of the mass and natural width of the previously observed $Ξ_b(6227)^-$ state, along with the mass of the $Ξ_b^-$ baryon, are also reported. Both measurements are significantly more precise than, and consistent with, previously reported values.

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta et al.

A branching fraction measurement of the $B^{0}\rightarrow D_{s}^{+}π^{-}$ decay is presented using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.0\,$fb$^{-1}$. The branching fraction is found to be ${\mathcal{B}(B^{0}\rightarrow D_{s}^{+}π^{-}) = (19.4 \pm 1.8\pm 1.3 \pm 1.2)\times 10^{-6}}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third is due to the uncertainty on the $B^0 \to D^{-}π^{+}$, $D_{s}^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}π^{+}$ and $D^{-}\rightarrow K^{+}π^{-}π^{-}$ branching fractions. This is the most precise single measurement of this quantity to date. As this decay proceeds through a single amplitude involving a $b \to u$ charged-current transition, the result provides information on non-factorisable strong interaction effects and the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $V_{ub}$. Additionally, the collision energy dependence of the hadronisation-fraction ratio $f_s/f_d$ is measured through $\bar{B}{}_{s}^{0}\rightarrow D_{s}^{+}π^{-}$ and $B^0 \to D^{-}π^{+}$ decays.

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta et al.

The CKM angle $γ$ is measured for the first time from mixing-induced $CP$ violation between $B^0_s \rightarrow D_s^\mp K^\pm π^\pm π^\mp$ and $\bar{B}^0_s \rightarrow D_s^\pm K^\mp π^\mp π^\pm$ decays reconstructed in proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 ${\rm fb}^{-1}$ recorded with the LHCb detector. A time-dependent amplitude analysis is performed to extract the $CP$-violating weak phase $γ-2β_s$ and, subsequently, $γ$ by taking the $B^0_s$-$\bar{B}^0_s$ mixing phase $β_{s}$ as an external input. The measurement yields $γ= (44 \pm 12)^\circ$ modulo $180^\circ$, where statistical and systematic uncertainties are combined. An alternative model-independent measurement, integrating over the five-dimensional phase space of the decay, yields $γ= (44^{\,+\,20}_{\,-\,13})^\circ$ modulo $180^\circ$. Moreover, the $B^0_s$-$\bar{B}^0_s$ oscillation frequency is measured from the flavour-specific control channel $B^0_s \rightarrow D_s^- π^+ π^+ π^-$ to be $Δm_s = (17.757 \pm 0.007 \,({\rm stat.}) \pm 0.008 \,({\rm syst.})) \text{ps}^{-1}$, consistent with and more precise than the current world-average value.