Hasil untuk "Ecology"

J. Lythgoe

J. Murray

G. Hartvigsen

S. Zinder

M. Wipfli, F. Hauer, G. Lamberti

M. Westoby, M. Leishman, J. Lord

J. Puckridge, F. Sheldon, K. Walker et al.

E. Kladivko

安部 琢哉, D. Bignell, 東 正彦

H. Boschker, J. Middelburg

viviana isabel juarez heredia, Cecilia Inés Robles

Para definir quais técnicas de marcação utilizar em lagartos, é importante considerar que elas sejam fáceis e rápidas de aplicar e identificar em campo, que sejam permanentes, que não causem dor e que não afetem seu comportamento nem sua sobrevivência. Entre a grande diversidade de técnicas conhecidas, estão a remoção das primeiras falanges, marcas na pele com tintas não tóxicas e a técnica de costurar combinações de miçangas coloridas na região lateral da cauda. Neste trabalho, relatamos a idade de dois lagartos da espécie Liolaemus pacha, marcados com a técnica de miçangas, e destacamos os benefícios de seu uso. Um total de 293 indivíduos de L. pacha foram marcados com essa técnica entre os anos de 2012 a 2016, dos quais 49 foram recapturados no ano de 2023. Durante 2023, recapturamos uma fêmea marcada em 2012 (após 11 anos) e um macho marcado em 2013 (após 10 anos). O acompanhamento populacional com essa técnica permitiu medir as boas condições de saúde da espécie, demonstrada através do ganho de tamanho, peso e redução da carga de ectoparasitas, além de registrar a gravidez da fêmea, considerada um bom indicador de bem-estar animal. Portanto, a técnica de aplicação de miçangas permite o acompanhamento da longevidade dos indivíduos, recrutamento e abundância populacional, além da condição de saúde e bem-estar dos indivíduos.

Gustav Cederlöf

N/A

Rebecca A. Milan, Mallory A. P. Sagehorn, Mallory A. P. Sagehorn et al.

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted civic life, particularly for older adults at increased risk for severe morbidity and mortality. Yet, little is known about the longer-term impacts on their daily routines and how this may affect health and wellbeing.MethodsThis qualitative study utilized data from older US adults who participated in the COVID-19 Coping Study’s three-year follow-up online survey, conducted in April–May 2023. The primary aim was to understand how and why daily routines have changed among older Americans (N = 1,309).ResultsParticipants had an average age of 71 years, with approximately 74% female and 93% identifying as Non-Hispanic White. We conducted content and thematic analysis of open-ended survey responses to identify five key reasons for still-altered routines 3 years after the pandemic onset: (1) COVID-19 risk and exposure, (2) altered access, (3) broader life circumstances, (4) emotional health, and (5) physical health.DiscussionThese findings highlight the enduring impacts of the pandemic on older adults’ routines and underscore the importance of integrating public health strategies that prioritize routine stability to enhance mental, physical, and social health. To support older adults’ wellbeing during and beyond public health emergencies, we recommend strengthening community-based programs, improving access to health and social services, and designing adaptable interventions that help individuals rebuild and maintain meaningful daily routines.

Musaab A.A. Mohammed, Ladislav Tometz, Norbert P. Szabó et al.

The Sobranecké Spa (“Salus per Aquam”) is historically known for its therapeutic mineral waters and recognized as a heritage site for its cultural significance. Despite its rich tradition and well-documented therapeutic effects, the spa ceased operations in 2004 and now remains in disrepair. However, renewed interest from the Košice self-governing region has prompted efforts to restore its activity. To support this initiative, a hydrogeological study was commissioned by the Technical University of Košice to provide a comprehensive assessment of the physical, chemical, and microbial properties of the mineral water and evaluate health risks related to dermal exposure. The study integrates hydrochemical classification, microbial assessment, and probabilistic risk analysis using Monte Carlo simulation and Sobol sensitivity analysis to evaluate dermal absorption dose (DAD), dermal hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) for both adults and children. Hydrochemical results indicated a Na-Cl-type highly mineralized water, shaped by mineral dissolution and ion exchange processes. The microbial analysis focused on coliforms, Escherichia coli, and heterotrophic bacteria to assess potential biological risks. The results showed individual hazard quotients below 1 for most parameters, but H2S drove cumulative hazard index values to 9.5 for adults and 12.1 for children, with children facing 28 % higher risk and persistent dermal health concerns across all scenarios. However, the findings confirm that the mineral waters meet Slovak and European standards for therapeutic use. Due to the study’s single sampling event, long-term seasonal monitoring is recommended to ensure water quality stability and safety for future spa use.

Alexandru Hening, Siddharth Sabharwal

We study how environmental stochasticity influences the long-term population size in certain one- and two-species models. The difficulty is that even when one can prove that there is persistence, it is usually impossible to say anything about the invariant probability measure which describes the persistent species. We are able to circumvent this problem for some important ecological models by noticing that the per-capita growth rates at stationarity are zero, something which can sometimes yield information about the invariant probability measure. For more complicated models we use a recent result by Cuello to explore how small noise influences the population size. We are able to show that environmental fluctuations can decrease, increase, or leave unchanged the expected population size. The results change according to the dynamical model and, within a fixed model, also according to which parameters (growth rate, carrying capacity, etc) are affected by environmental fluctuations. Moreover, we show that not only do things change if we introduce noise differently in a model, but it also matters what one takes as the deterministic `no-noise' baseline for comparison.

Sylvain Billiard, Virgile Brodu, Nicolas Champagnat et al.

We design a stochastic individual-based model structured in energy, for single species consuming an external resource, where populations are characterized by a typical energy at birth in $\mathbb{R}^{*}_{+}$. The resource is maintained at a fixed amount, so we benefit from a branching property at the population level. Thus, we focus on individual trajectories, constructed as Piecewise Deterministic Markov Processes, with random jumps modelling births and deaths in the population; and a continuous and deterministic evolution of energy between jumps. We are mainly interested in the case where metabolic (i.e. energy loss for maintenance), growth, birth and death rates depend on the individual energy over time, and follow allometric scalings (i.e. power laws). Our goal is to determine in a bottom-up approach what are the possible allometric coefficients (i.e. exponents of these power laws) under elementary -- and ecologically relevant -- constraints, for our model to be valid for the whole spectrum of possible body sizes. We show in particular that assuming an allometric coefficient $α$ related to metabolism strongly constrains the range of possible values for the allometric coefficients $β$, $δ$, $γ$, respectively related to birth, death and growth rates. We further identify and discuss the precise and minimal ecological mechanisms that are involved in these strong constraints on allometric scalings.

Yongchao Zeng, Calum Brown, Ioannis Kyriakou et al.

Understanding socio-ecological systems requires insights from diverse stakeholder perspectives, which are often hard to access. To enable alternative, simulation-based exploration of different stakeholder perspectives, we develop the HoPeS (Human-Oriented Perspective Shifting) modelling framework. HoPeS employs agents powered by large language models (LLMs) to represent various stakeholders; users can step into the agent roles to experience perspectival differences. A simulation protocol serves as a "scaffold" to streamline multiple perspective-taking simulations, supporting users in reflecting on, transitioning between, and integrating across perspectives. A prototype system is developed to demonstrate HoPeS in the context of institutional dynamics and land use change, enabling both narrative-driven and numerical experiments. In an illustrative experiment, a user successively adopts the perspectives of a system observer and a researcher - a role that analyses data from the embedded land use model to inform evidence-based decision-making for other LLM agents representing various institutions. Despite the user's effort to recommend technically sound policies, discrepancies persist between the policy recommendation and implementation due to stakeholders' competing advocacies, mirroring real-world misalignment between researcher and policymaker perspectives. The user's reflection highlights the subjective feelings of frustration and disappointment as a researcher, especially due to the challenge of maintaining political neutrality while attempting to gain political influence. Despite this, the user exhibits high motivation to experiment with alternative narrative framing strategies, suggesting the system's potential in exploring different perspectives. Further system and protocol refinement are likely to enable new forms of interdisciplinary collaboration in socio-ecological simulations.

Ayana Ezoe, Makoto Katori, Tomoyuki Shirai

Random point configurations are said to be in hyperuniform states, if density fluctuations are anomalously suppressed in large-scale. Typical examples are found in Coulomb gas systems in two dimensions especially called log-gases in random matrix theory, in which points are repulsively correlated by long-range potentials. In infertile lands like deserts continuous survival competitions for water and nutrition will cause long-ranged repulsive interactions among plants. We have prepared digital data of spatial configurations of center-of-masses for bushes weighted by bush sizes which we call masses. Data analysis shows that such ecological point configurations do not show hyperuniformity as unmarked point processes, but are in hyperuniform states as marked point processes in which mass distributions are taken into account. We propose the non-equilibrium statistical-mechanics models to generate marked point processes having hyperuniformity, in which iterations of random thinning of points and coalescing of masses transform initial uncorrelated point processes into non-trivial point processes with hyperuniformity. Combination of data analysis and computer simulations shows the importance of strong correlations in probability law between spatial point configurations and mass distributions of individual points to realize hyperuniform marked point processes.

T. Young

T. Young, D. Petersen, J. Clary