Hasil untuk "Diplomatics. Archives. Seals"

Yunxiao Zhang, William Stone, Suryansh Kumar

Camera virtualization -- an emerging solution to novel view synthesis -- holds transformative potential for visual entertainment, live performances, and sports broadcasting by enabling the generation of photorealistic images from novel viewpoints using images from a limited set of calibrated multiple static physical cameras. Despite recent advances, achieving spatially and temporally coherent and photorealistic rendering of dynamic scenes with efficient time-archival capabilities, particularly in fast-paced sports and stage performances, remains challenging for existing approaches. Recent methods based on 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) for dynamic scenes could offer real-time view-synthesis results. Yet, they are hindered by their dependence on accurate 3D point clouds from the structure-from-motion method and their inability to handle large, non-rigid, rapid motions of different subjects (e.g., flips, jumps, articulations, sudden player-to-player transitions). Moreover, independent motions of multiple subjects can break the Gaussian-tracking assumptions commonly used in 4DGS, ST-GS, and other dynamic splatting variants. This paper advocates reconsidering a neural volume rendering formulation for camera virtualization and efficient time-archival capabilities, making it useful for sports broadcasting and related applications. By modeling a dynamic scene as rigid transformations across multiple synchronized camera views at a given time, our method performs neural representation learning, providing enhanced visual rendering quality at test time. A key contribution of our approach is its support for time-archival, i.e., users can revisit any past temporal instance of a dynamic scene and can perform novel view synthesis, enabling retrospective rendering for replay, analysis, and archival of live events, a functionality absent in existing neural rendering approaches and novel view synthesis...

Magdalena Niedźwiedzka

Najważniejszym czasopismem archiwistycznym w Afryce jest „African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science”, które odgrywa kluczową rolę w kształtowaniu dyskursu naukowego w zakresie archiwistyki, bibliotekoznawstwa oraz zarządzania informacją. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza tematyki archiwalnej podejmowanej na jego łamach w latach 2000–2024, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zagadnień związanych z archiwistyką i zarządzaniem dokumentacją. W ramach badania dokonano przeglądu 365 artykułów naukowych opublikowanych w analizowanym okresie, z których 62 odnosiły się bezpośrednio do wskazanej problematyki lub tematów pokrewnych mieszczących się w jej zakresie. Publikacja ma na celu przybliżenie polskim badaczom dorobku badawczego w obszarze archiwistyki i zarządzania dokumentacją na kontynencie afrykańskim.

Souley Mane

Le Mbam se situe dans la Région du Centre. Il constitue une zone de transition entre la forêt équatoriale et la savane. Le premier contact avec les musulmans s’effectue dans la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle, au travers du commerce Nord-Sud, encore appelé ‘‘commerce haoussa’’. Les musulmans venus du Nord s’y fixent par vagues successives. La propagation de la nouvelle religion, dans cette partie du Cameroun, relève essentiellement de l’action conjuguée des marchands, marabouts et autorités traditionnelles locales dont Machia Anong Mouhammadou constitue la figure dominante. L’islamisation des autochtones favorise l’émergence de l’un des foyers islamiques les plus importants de la partie méridionale du Cameroun. La spécificité de l’islam dans le Mbam repose sur sa diffusion pacifique, tardive et sa capacité à entretenir des relations pacifiques avec le christianisme et la religion traditionnelle, ce qui est un modèle de tolérance religieuse.

Francesca Morselli, Jetze Touber, Andrea Scharnhorst

This paper aims to bridge between the current scientific discourse about the dynamics of data communities in research infrastructures and practical experiences at a data archive which provides services for such data communities. We describe and analyse policies and practices within DANS-KNAW, the Dutch national centre of expertise and repository for research data concerning the interaction with communities in general. We take the case of the emerging DANS Data Station Life Sciences to study how a data archive navigates between observation of data research needs and anticipation of research data archival solutions. This paper offers a unique view of the complex dynamics between data communities (including lay experts) and data service providers. It adds nuances to understanding the emergence of a data community and the role of data service providers, both supporting and shaping, in this process.

Xinhao Huang, Zhibo Ren, Yipeng Yu et al.

In long structured document retrieval, existing methods typically fine-tune pre-trained language models (PLMs) using contrastive learning on datasets lacking explicit structural information. This practice suffers from two critical issues: 1) current methods fail to leverage structural features and element-level semantics effectively, and 2) the lack of datasets containing structural metadata. To bridge these gaps, we propose \our, a novel contrastive learning framework. It leverages structure-aware learning to preserve semantic hierarchies and masked element alignment for fine-grained semantic discrimination. Furthermore, we release \dataset, a long structured document retrieval dataset with rich structural annotations. Extensive experiments on both released and industrial datasets across various modern PLMs, along with online A/B testing, demonstrate consistent performance improvements, boosting NDCG@10 from 73.96\% to 77.84\% on BGE-M3. The resources are available at https://github.com/xinhaoH/SEAL.

Maddalena Bressler, Veronica Mangiaterra, Paolo Canal et al.

Research on metaphor has steadily increased over the last decades, as this phenomenon opens a window into a range of linguistic and cognitive processes. At the same time, the demand for rigorously constructed and extensively normed experimental materials increased as well. Here, we present the Figurative Archive, an open database of 996 metaphors in Italian enriched with rating and corpus-based measures (from familiarity to semantic distance and preferred interpretations), derived by collecting stimuli used across 11 studies. It includes both everyday and literary metaphors, varying in structure and semantic domains, and is validated based on correlations between familiarity and other measures. The Archive has several aspects of novelty: it is increased in size compared to previous resources; it offers a measure of metaphor inclusiveness, to comply with recommendations for non-discriminatory language use; it is displayed in a web-based interface, with features for a customized consultation. We provide guidelines for using the Archive to source materials for studies investigating metaphor processing and relationships between metaphor features in humans and computational models.

David Zeitlyn

Abstract This paper analyses a set of 28 postcards taken in Cameroon during WW1 by a photographer of Lebanese origin, one of the Moukarim brothers. It throws light on a period of Cameroonian history, on the images and their place in photographic history. The postcards that the Moukarims took cannot be viewed simply as exemplifying the colonial gaze: the visual economy is more complicated than that. The images provide a lens on internationalism, lending a perspective from which to think about the complex set of actors who helped to make and to represent history. Résumé Cet article présente un ensemble de 28 cartes postales prises au Cameroun pendant la Première Guerre mondiale par un photographe d’origine libanaise, l’un des frères Moukarim. Il met en lumière une période de l’histoire camerounaise, les images et leur place dans l’histoire de la photographie. Les cartes postales prises par les Moukarim ne peuvent être considérées comme un simple exemple du regard colonial : l’économie visuelle est plus complexe que cela. Les images offrent un regard sur l’internationalisme, une perspective qui permet de réfléchir à l’ensemble complexe des acteurs qui ont contribué à faire et à représenter l’histoire.

Anneli Sundquist, Hilde Lange

In recent decades, records management has undergone profound changes due to technological developments as well as political and organisational changes. The global view shows considerable diversity, not only between legal and administrative systems based on common law, such as those in the UK, North America and Australia, but also between systems operating under civil law. Sweden represents a special case of a civil law system, the so-called Nordic model. The purpose of this study, based on three case studies, is to analyse the recordkeeping functions in contemporary government agencies in Sweden, their responsibilities, competences and the role they play. Study findings show that most of the functions defined in international standards are implemented by Swedish government agencies, but at different levels and with different outcomes. Furthermore, there are significant differences between them, which may stem from intraorganisational arrangements. The actual work tasks focus on implementing the strategic activities of recordkeeping, providing support in upgrading skills and acquiring new knowledge, while the more routine tasks are deprioritized.

Mostafa Rahgouy, Hamed Babaei Giglou, Mehnaz Tabassum et al.

AA is the process of attributing an unidentified document to its true author from a predefined group of known candidates, each possessing multiple samples. The nature of AA necessitates accommodating emerging new authors, as each individual must be considered unique. This uniqueness can be attributed to various factors, including their stylistic preferences, areas of expertise, gender, cultural background, and other personal characteristics that influence their writing. These diverse attributes contribute to the distinctiveness of each author, making it essential for AA systems to recognize and account for these variations. However, current AA benchmarks commonly overlook this uniqueness and frame the problem as a closed-world classification, assuming a fixed number of authors throughout the system's lifespan and neglecting the inclusion of emerging new authors. This oversight renders the majority of existing approaches ineffective for real-world applications of AA, where continuous learning is essential. These inefficiencies manifest as current models either resist learning new authors or experience catastrophic forgetting, where the introduction of new data causes the models to lose previously acquired knowledge. To address these inefficiencies, we propose redefining AA as CIL, where new authors are introduced incrementally after the initial training phase, allowing the system to adapt and learn continuously. To achieve this, we briefly examine subsequent CIL approaches introduced in other domains. Moreover, we have adopted several well-known CIL methods, along with an examination of their strengths and weaknesses in the context of AA. Additionally, we outline potential future directions for advancing CIL AA systems. As a result, our paper can serve as a starting point for evolving AA systems from closed-world models to continual learning through CIL paradigms.

Chao Bian, Shengjie Ren, Miqing Li et al.

In the area of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), there is a trend of using an archive to store non-dominated solutions generated during the search. This is because 1) MOEAs may easily end up with the final population containing inferior solutions that are dominated by other solutions discarded during the search process and 2) the population that has a commensurable size of the problem's Pareto front is often not practical. In this paper, we theoretically show, for the first time, that using an archive can guarantee speed-ups for MOEAs. Specifically, we prove that for two well-established MOEAs (NSGA-II and SMS-EMOA) on two commonly studied problems (OneMinMax and LeadingOnesTrailingZeroes), using an archive brings a polynomial acceleration on the expected running time. The reason is that with an archive, the size of the population can reduce to a small constant; there is no need for the population to keep all the Pareto optimal solutions found. This contrasts existing theoretical studies for MOEAs where a population with a commensurable size of the problem's Pareto front is needed. The findings in this paper not only provide a theoretical confirmation for an increasingly popular practice in the design of MOEAs, but can also be beneficial to the theory community towards studying more practical MOEAs.

Mariana Muaze

O artigo remonta aos cadernos de anotações de Marc Ferrez, produzidos nas primeiras décadas do século XX, analisando-os como uma escrita autobiográfica e um esforço de construção de memória. Os cadernos evidenciam um empenho de inventariar a própria obra, registrar os conhecimentos tecnológicos e científicos que marcaram a fotografia no limiar da prática fotográfica moderna e produzir uma “escrita de si” que valorizasse o autor como artista, fotógrafo, homem moderno e exímio conhecedor dos processos e tecnologias da imagem fotográfica. Palavras-chave: coleção, memória, autobiografia, escrita de si, documentos pessoais, Marc Ferrez.

Georgios Rinakakis, Kostas Petrakis, Yannis Tzitzikas et al.

We describe FastCat Catalogues, a Web application that supports researchers studying archival material, such as historians, in exploring and quantitatively analysing the data (transcripts) of archival documents. The application was designed based on real information needs provided by a large group of researchers, makes use of JSON technology, and is configurable for use over any type of archival documents whose contents have been transcribed and exported in JSON format. The supported functionalities include a) source- or record-specific entity browsing, b) source-independent entity browsing, c) data filtering, d) inspection of provenance information, e) data aggregation and visualisation in charts, f) table and chart data export for further (external) analysis. The application is provided as open source and is currently used by historians in maritime history research.

Aven Le Zhou, Jiayi Ye, Tianchen Liu et al.

As a communication channel, body movements have been widely explored in behavioral studies and kinesics. Performing and visual arts share the same interests but focus on documenting and representing human body movements, such as for dance notation and visual work creation. This paper investigates body movements in oriental calligraphy and how to apply calligraphy principles to stimulate and archive body movements. Through an artwork (Wushu), the authors experiment with an interactive and generative approach to engage the audience's bodily participation and archive the body movements as a compendium of generated calligraphy. The audience assumes the role of both writers and readers; creating ("writing") and appreciating ("reading") the generated calligraphy becomes a cyclical process within this infinite "Book," which can motivate further attention and discussions concerning Chinese characters and calligraphy.

Raistiwar Pratama

Seperti deskripsi kearsipan yang merupakan upaya menyusun representasi terhadap peristiwa, kegiatan, atau kejadian, tulisan ini juga merupakan deskripsi terhadap karya-karya fiksi yang menampilkan citra kearsipan. Keragaman citra kearsipan dalam karya-karya fiksi Indonesia merepresentasikan bagaimana arsip, kerja pengarsipan, dan pengelolanya dikenal masyarakat sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui jangkauan kearsipan. Novel dan cerita pendek yang terpilih menampilkan arsip sebagai sumber proses kreatif bagi suatu fiksi yang menyejarah, biografis, dan autobiografis; arsip yang alat-alat penguasa gunakan untuk mengawasi warganya; dan arsiparis sebagai pekerja yang menyediakan akses terhadap arsip kepada penelusur dan masyarakat.

Nancy Sánchez-Tarragó

Nosso agradecimento aos pareceristas que colaboraram com a preparação do volume 6 de 2022 da Revista Informação na Sociedade Contemporânea, contribuindo com a qualidade dos artigos que publicamos.

Gefferson Rodrigues

Criado em 1636, o cargo de governador dos índios de Pernambuco foi concedido ao líder potiguara Felipe Camarão. Seus descendentes continuaram no comando do posto pelo menos até 1730, quando foi extinto. O artigo discute os motivos que levaram à extinção do cargo e à tentativa de sublevação do índio Antônio Domingos Camarão no anseio de recuperar seu poder. Palavras-chave: sublevação; indígenas; Pernambuco.

M. Massardi, F. Stoehr, G. J. Bendo et al.

The Additional Representative Images for Legacy (ARI-L) project is a European Development project for ALMA Upgrade approved by the Joint ALMA Observatory (JAO) and the European Southern Observatory (ESO), started in June 2019. It aims to increase the legacy value of the ALMA Science Archive (ASA) by bringing the reduction level of ALMA data from Cycles 2-4 close to that of data from more recent Cycles processed for imaging with the ALMA Pipeline. As of mid-2021 more than 150000 images have been returned to the ASA for public use. At its completion in 2022, the project will have provided enhanced products for at least 70% of the observational data from Cycles 2-4 processable with the ALMA Pipeline. In this paper we present the project rationale, its implementation, and the new opportunities offered to ASA users by the ARI-L products. The ARI-L cubes and images complement the much limited number of archival image products generated during the data quality assurance stages (QA2), which cover only a small fraction of the available data for those Cycles. ARI-L imaging products are highly relevant for many science cases and significantly enhance the possibilities for exploiting archival data. Indeed, ARI-L products facilitate archive access and data usage for science purposes even for non-expert data miners, provide a homogeneous view of all data for better dataset comparisons and download selections, make the archive more accessible to visualization and analysis tools, and enable the generation of preview images and plots similar to those possible for subsequent Cycles.

Paulo Roberto Elian dos Santos

O falecimento de Marilena Leite Paes, em janeiro de 2020, tirou de cena uma das mais destacadas profissionais da arquivologia na segunda metade do século XX. A intenção de publicar a entrevista realizada em 2006 e 2007, para minha pesquisa de doutorado, tornou-se um dever de memória. Neste depoimento, Marilena Leite Paes reporta-se ao momento de seu ingresso na Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FGV), ao longo processo de institucionalização do sistema de arquivos da fundação, à criação e atuação da Associação dos Arquivistas Brasileiros (AAB), à luta pela regulamentação da profissão de arquivista e ao papel do Conselho Nacional de Arquivos (Conarq), entre outros temas. Arquivista e graduada em biblioteconomia pela Universidade Santa Úrsula (USU), Marilena Leite Paes foi funcionária da FGV entre 1954 e 1993. Neste período, idealizou e tornou realidade um padrão de organização e funcionamento do sistema de arquivos que se tornou referência para instituições públicas e privadas. Fez do Arquivo Central da FGV um “centro” de atração de profissionais em busca de capacitação, metodologias e conhecimento das práticas arquivísticas. O trabalho inicial ao lado de Maria de Lourdes Costa e Sousa foi ganhando corpo ao longo dos anos com a formação de uma equipe. Ao preocupar-se com o registro e a sistematização dos métodos e técnicas adotadas, escreveu um manual e criou as bases para a publicação do seu livro Arquivo: teoria e prática (1986), obra seminal e objeto de novas edições e inúmeras reimpressões. Depois de décadas de dedicação aos arquivos e à documentação na FGV, aceitou o desafio de “tirar do papel” o Conselho Nacional de Arquivos (Conarq). A convite de Jaime Antunes da Silva, diretor-geral do Arquivo Nacional e presidente do Conarq, Marilena colocou a serviço do novo órgão sua larga experiência técnica e capacidade de gestora, entre 1994 e 2011. As realizações e a dinâmica dos trabalhos do Conarq tiveram, sem dúvida, a marca de suas digitais. Sua trajetória esteve associada de forma definitiva à excelência do sistema de arquivos da FGV e à criação da Associação dos Arquivistas Brasileiros e da profissão de arquivista. Ao lado de outros nomes da área, foi uma militante incansável na defesa da função dos arquivos na sociedade. Fez parte de uma geração de mulheres que conquistou espaço no mundo do trabalho e descortinou os desafios da gestão dos arquivos. Detentora de conhecimento teórico e prático, Marilena era rigorosa na aplicação dos conceitos e métodos que defendia e disseminava. Muitos profissionais da arquivologia perderam uma mestra. Sua obra, contudo, permanece.

Satoshi Takahashi, Keiko Yamaguchi, Asuka Watanabe

The analysis of daily-life fashion trends can provide us a profound understanding of our societies and cultures. However, no appropriate digital archive exists that includes images illustrating what people wore in their daily lives over an extended period. In this study, we propose a new fashion image archive, Chronicle Archive of Tokyo Street-fashion (CAT STREET), to shed light on daily-life fashion trends. CAT STREET includes images showing what people wore in their daily lives during 1970--2017, and these images contain timestamps and street location annotations. This novel database combined with machine learning enables us to observe daily-life fashion trends over a long term and analyze them quantitatively. To evaluate the potential of our proposed approach with the novel database, we corroborated the rules-of-thumb of two fashion trend phenomena that have been observed and discussed qualitatively in previous studies. Through these empirical analyses, we verified that our approach to quantify fashion trends can help in exploring unsolved research questions. We also demonstrate CAT STREET's potential to find new standpoints to promote the understanding of societies and cultures through fashion embedded in consumers' daily lives.