Gohar G. Ghambaryan, Vardan Mkhitaryan , Anzhela Ayriyants
The article analyzes the strategic prospects for creating stable conditions for attracting additional volumes of foreign investment in the Armenian economy, which is due to the lack of own funds for sustainable social and economic development. The relevance of issues related to the role and place of foreign investment in Armenia, occurring due to the globalization of the world and regional economy, creating or limiting conditions for the movement of capital, has increased sharply in light of the sharp intensification of the policy of attracting foreign investment in the South Caucasus region. The practical experience of the transition period of the market economy of Armenia is summarized, as the country became more dependent on the level of regional and global integration. At this time, flows of foreign capital emerged not only in the form of government borrowings, but also in the form of diaspora transfers, assistance from international organizations, and the creation of joint ventures with Armenian entrepreneurs. Restrictions on obtaining high technologies, both in the form of goods and technical documentation, and in the form of direct investment, were gradually lifted.
Political science (General), Political institutions and public administration (General)
The essay analyzes the ways in which the states of the Italian peninsula accepted Jewish communities within their borders in the early modern age. The main instrument that guaranteed the Jews were able to live with some civil and religious rights was the privilege, a unilateral act of the sovereign, which in reality was often preceded by an agreement between the prince and some groups of Levantine Jews. The study traces the spread and development of privileges, as well as the evolution of the ancient condotte into franchise charters that increasingly articulated provisions and protections reserved for Jews. In the last quarter of the 1700s, many of these privileges had a similar scope to the best known European acts of tolerance.
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
O objetivo principal deste artigo é investigar possíveis percursos disciplinares e metodologias para o estudo dos bens comuns no contexto acadêmico brasileiro. Primeiramente, analisamos as práticas coletivas no Brasil desde a perspectiva da História Ambiental, discutindo os chamados bens comuns naturais – ou natural commons – a forma mais antiga de bens comuns. Trazemos essa mesma perspectiva ambiental ao presente, tecendo uma análise crítica sobre as relações entre bens comuns naturais e Ecologia Política. Por fim, desenvolvemos o tema dos commons nos contextos urbanos e nas redes digitais, demonstrando tanto as oportunidades que políticas urbanas baseadas no compartilhamento oferecem às comunidades desfavorecidas economicamente, quanto o potencial dos digital commons na distribuição horizontal dos conhecimentos e na construção de um movimento nacional dos bens comuns.
This contribution results from research conducted during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores how the restrictions imposed for safety reasons impacted the everyday routines of a group of asylum seekers and beneficiaries of protection hosted in the asylum reception system in the city of Trento, Italy. Drawing on the interviews, the authors enlighten how the “health of the facility” sometimes came at the expense of the health of the individual, reducing their sociability outside the reception facilities and, therefore, their opportunities to develop their paths toward independence.
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
Este artigo pretende debater o papel das diferentes apropriações do que se entende por “cultura celta” na formação das identidades nacionais de grupos como irlandeses, escoceses e bretões franceses. Neste intento, nós procuramos identificar como o mito do celtismo é construído na História recente e como a partir deste mito uma cultura de memória é formada e nos possibilita entender mais sobre os conflitos históricos que esses grupos enfrentam hoje.
Apresentamos aqui um esboço teórico sobre o assunto nos apoiando na formação histórica do mito do celtismo e em como por uma perspectiva da memória cultural esses diferentes imaginários sociais convergem no que podemos chamar de uma “invenção de memória celta”.
Jéssica Lícia da Assumpção , Pedro Mülbersted Pereira
Este artigo aborda a invisibilização da população indígena e negra na história da Fortaleza de Anhatomirim, através de uma leitura de uma dada historiografia catarinense, e traz a discussão referente às práticas educativas dos projetos envolvendo esta fortaleza e o ensino de história. Dessa forma, apresentaremos o processo de patrimonialização, compreendido em três movimentos: discursos, restauro e usos. Dentre os discursos, elencamos as narrativas provenientes de uma dada historiografia catarinense, marcadamente eurocêntrica, que privilegia as contribuições dos colonizadores europeus em detrimento dos povos indígenas, africanos e afrodescendentes para a formação social, econômica e cultural de Santa Catarina. Além invizibilização da história, a construção do patrimônio nacional foi pautada em uma identidade nacional universal. Mostrarem a possibilidade de um diálogo intercultural, abordando a dimensão imaterial do patrimônio material, a fim de trazer outras histórias, outras memórias de outros sujeitos a partir da relação entre ensino de História, educação patrimonial crítica e emancipadora e o patrimônio cultural pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCNs) e ampliadas pelas leis 10.639/03 e 11.465/08 para discutir as questões étnico-raciais
El incremento de la inmigración y el debate en la sociedad española sobre sus causas y la mejor manera de evitar que se produzcan movimientos migratorios indeseados o traumáticos, trae a un primer plano las reflexiones sobre las relaciones entre emigración y desarrollo: ¿es la diferencia de nivel de desarrollo lo que provoca los desplazamientos?, ¿puede una política de cooperación contribuir eficazmente a regular la oferta?, ¿qué novedades aporta el enfoque del codesarrollo? Además de abordar estas cuestiones, el artículo analiza el enfoque que proporciona la Unión Europea sobre estos temas y hace un recorrido por las principales actuaciones de la cooperación española para el desarrollo susceptibles de influir sobre el nivel de vida de las poblaciones y, por tanto, sobre su deseo de emprender el difícil camino de la emigración.
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
The interaction between immigrants and members of the host society has been and still is an important issue during processes of migration. This study analyses inter-ethnic aggressive antisocial actions among adolescents. A descriptive analysis reveals the frequency of such behaviour among German, Turkish and Resettler (Aussiedler) adolescents. The explanatory analysis concentrates on the influence of a) attitudes towards violence (justifications), b) an approval with social dominance, c) bargaining as a conflict resolution strategy, and d) trust in the judicial system (a fair treatment according to the law). It is assumed that justifications for violent behaviour and the approval with social dominance are likely to increase inter-ethnic aggressive antisocial actions. In contrast, bargaining as a preference for conflict resolution and trust in the judicial system are supposed to reduce such behaviour. A final comparison reveals whether the explanations are substantial across the groups.
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
Ricardo Prestes Pazello, Felipe Heringer Roxo da Motta
A partir da dialética entre totalidade e exterioridade, como propõe a reflexão filosófica latino-americana, o presente ensaio trata de problematizar conceitos reiteradamente utilizados no contexto de desigualdade social do continente, nomeadamente as noções de “emancipação” e “libertação”. O horizonte político e epistêmico que se refere ao discurso emancipatório tende a ser eurocentrado e, logo, limitado às fronteiras da totalidade. Por sua vez, o projeto de libertação toma por ponto de partida a exterioridade e, concretamente, se refere à América Latina e seus sujeitos concretos.
International relations, Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
This paper examines Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s theories of writing and the State in Anti-Oedipus and A Thousand Plateaus, teasing out issues of gender, primitivism and academic expertise in the authors’ claims about power and politics. While noting the benefits of politically analysing social customs and traditions, Laurie highlights the complicities between Deleuze and Guattari's theories and the assumptions embedded in their anthropological sources. He further argues that the cultural and historical speculations in Anti-Oedipus cannot be divorced from the authors' privilege of philosophy as a uniquely European creative space. Seeking an alternative perspective on cultural translation, the paper turns to Walter Mignolo’s study of the 'book' in Spanish-Amerindian colonial encounters. Foregrounding the critical value of philology for ‘de-colonising’ theory, Mignolo argues that Eurocentric cultural comparisons serve to legitimate particular ways of knowing within contested fields of representation. However, in both Deleuze and Guattari and Mignolo, the paper questions the gender dynamics of writing practices implicitly articulated in meta-narratives about the State and/or colonialism. Laurie suggests that these authors frequently remain oblivious to the role of women in the historical contexts examined, and that understanding political dynamics within cultural groups requires questioning the privilege of writing itself, both in and outside the academy. While sympathetic to the role of political philosophy in negotiating complex historical issues, this paper also advocates a rethinking of the subordinate place attributed to anthropological and historical research practices in the theoretical exegeses of Deleuze, Guattari and Mignolo.
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration, Sociology (General)
This article examines the issue of engagement with diversity and the various problems, tensions and challenges we are likely to encounter when including diversity in classrooms and other educational settings. The introductory section of this article deals with some preliminary considerations associated with the educational significance of engagement with diversity. I then introduce the three basic dimen- sions of diversity we are likely to encounter when discussing inclusion of diversity in any non-ideal educational environment. In Section III I examine the educational significance of engagement with diversity and identify the different functions engagement with diversity performs. In Section IV I examine the main controversies and the associated shortcomings any intuitive account of engagement with diver- sity is likely to face. In the conclusion, I specify how we should understand the idea of the fair treatment of engagement with diversity which is consistent with the commitment of educating students so as to recognise and respect one another as free and equal members of a polity.
Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
In 1997 a new Cultural Act was enacted which included, among other things, public library provision. Based on this act the Hungarian library system has been developed systematically through the consecutive strategic plans (Skaliczki, 1999). All projects aimed to push the boundaries of accessibility and to facilitate the realisation of the information society (Caidi, 2006). The 2003-2007 strategic period draws to an end and now we are able to review the tasks accomplished. (Skaliczki, 2003; 2006). The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the strategic development of Hungarian libraries between 1997 and 2007, and to draw up the basic figures regarding to this period. ()
Geography (General), Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration
This article examines the developmental consequences of international labour migration in a Bangladeshi village. The data are from Hoglakandi, a village 30 kilometres south‐east of Dhaka, capital of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire with both open‐ended and closed category questions was used among 50 Singapore returnees, supplemented with additional in‐depth interviews. International labour migration has often been seen by many sending countries as a short cut to development because of its role in unemployment relief, balance of payments relief, and capital formation at national level. The study argues that the causes and effects of emigration can better be understood only when the process is placed within its local context, since what may prove to be advantageous at the national level may prove to be detrimental to a household or community or vice‐versa. It demonstrates how the contribution of labour migration is merely the transformation of labour into a structural component of the international political economy. The Hoglakandi experience reveals that labour migration does not fuel the local economy from an external pipeline of remittances and skill acquisition, rather it drains local resources that retard the development.