Hasil untuk "City planning"

Yazeed Alabbad, Atiye Beyza Cikmaz, Enes Yildirim et al.

Floods pose a substantial risk to human well-being. These risks encompass economic losses, infrastructural damage, disruption of daily life, and potential loss of life. This study presents a state-wide and county-level spatial exposure assessment of the Iowa railway network, emphasizing the resilience and reliability of essential services during such disasters. In the United States, the railway network is vital for the distribution of goods and services. This research specifically targets the railway network in Iowa, a state where the impact of flooding on railways has not been extensively studied. We employ comprehensive GIS analysis to assess the vulnerability of the railway network, bridges, rail crossings, and facilities under 100- and 500-year flood scenarios at the state level. Additionally, we conducted a detailed investigation into the most flood-affected counties, focusing on the susceptibility of railway bridges. Our state-wide analysis reveals that, in a 100-year flood scenario, up to 9% of railroads, 8% of rail crossings, 58% of bridges, and 6% of facilities are impacted. In a 500-year flood scenario, these figures increase to 16%, 14%, 61%, and 13%, respectively. Furthermore, our secondary analysis using flood depth maps indicates that approximately half of the railway bridges in the flood zones of the studied counties could become non-functional in both flood scenarios. These findings are crucial for developing effective disaster risk management plans and strategies, ensuring adequate preparedness for the impacts of flooding on railway infrastructure.

Turgut Kalay, Ayşenur Kandemir

This study examines how Starbucks, as a global brand, employs glocalization strategies in its interior design by incorporating local architectural elements into standardized global formats. The primary objective is to analyze how local and global elements are integrated into the design of the second-wave coffee shops, a globally recognized brand, and to evaluate the balance between these elements from a design perspective. To achieve this, six Starbucks stores, selected as the sample for the current study, located in the EMEA (Europe, Middle East, and Africa), Asia-Pacific, and Japan regions were examined. The research focused on key interior design components, including vertical structural elements, flooring, ceiling features, openings, furniture, and decorative details, assessing them within the framework of local and global characteristics. A qualitative research approach was adopted, employing content analysis to systematically evaluate the selected stores. The originality of this study lies in its structured examination of how glocalization strategies manifest in interior spaces through regional variations. The findings reveal that local elements such as ceiling types, materials, and seating styles were consistently integrated to reflect regional identities, while standardized lighting and furniture layouts preserved the brand's global coherence. Thus, the findings show that integrating local motifs into spatial design enables global brands to establish a meaningful connection with the local cultural context while maintaining their global identity. This balance not only enhances user experience but also reinforces brand identity through culturally resonant spaces. Overall, the research underscores the significance of preserving cultural codes in interior design as a means of fostering commercial success for global brands. By offering a framework for incorporating glocalization strategies in spatial design, this study provides valuable insights for designers and brands aiming to achieve cultural sustainability while maintaining a strong global presence.

Michael Batty

ion. However, there is no doubt that some models are closer to the real thing than others, with the whole panoply of models ranging from ‘thought experiments’ which are entirely conceptual to closely tailored digital representations that attempt to mirror as many features of the real system as possible. It is even possible to conceive of a transformation of a digital model from an entirely abstract conception to a full mirror image of the system in question. If, however, the model is a complete mirror image, which is the assumed definition of a digital twin, then it might be argued that the digital twin is no longer separate from the system, but in fact is the system itself. In this sense, all physical systems can have a digital equivalent which converges and merges with the system in question. In this sense, a true digital twin running in real time is no different from the system itself and this poses the question as to how the digital twin can be used to learn about the system and used to explore, simulate and test new designs if it is the system itself. For the digital twin to be used in this way, then presumably it has to be disconnected from the real system. Then, there is a logical difficulty in doing this in that both systems will run alongside one another and if they are mirror images of one another, the question becomes ‘how can the digital twin be used to explore and inform the original twin’. Let us make this problem a little clearer with respect to cities. The idea of the digital twin in this context has emerged from the representation of the city in terms of its physical assets. Geographic information systems, their scaling down to the level of buildings and their extension to deal with the operation of buildings in terms of energy, materials use, and maintenance using building information models software, are providing the context for extensive digital representations that scale to the level of all the physical assets in the city. Quite clearly, such systems are models of one kind in that they represent the city in digital rather than material form and may be very close to the basic physical equivalents that make up the city. But they rarely include any of the processes that determine how the city works in terms of its social and economic functions. 3D virtual models – even if they have embedded within them real-time processes, such as traffic and energy flow – are only representations that function over short periods of time and are often simply representations of the city at a cross-section in time. In this sense, a digital twin is much more like a conventional computer model in that it abstracts only a limited set of variables and processes. Wildfire (2018) makes the very useful distinction between models (or digital twins) that pertain to what we might call the high-frequency city in contrast to the low frequency. Highfrequency cities operate in real time at the level of our own personal time frames, second by second, minute by minute up to cycles of days and months, while low-frequency cities operate over years, decades, centuries, eons even. In this sense, we build different models to explore very short time horizons – what Wildfire (2018) calls ‘reactive’ models where ‘feedback and visualisations enhance real-time or near real-time interventions and improve the smooth day-to-day running of the city or asset’ and ‘predictive’ models where ‘accurate input data is used to improve longer term scenario planning to steer appropriate (and equitable) investment decisions’. In fact, I have used the term model rather than digital twin because in both contexts, the model of a digital twin needs to be decoupled from the original system if we are to use the model to inform our maintenance and/or design for the future operation of the real system. In short, we need to run the digital twin offline in some way so that we can use it to explore how to improve the real system. It is most unlikely that any of these kinds of models can be run in real time, thus matching exactly the processes operating the real system. The digital twin must always receive input from the real system if only to provide some sort of diagnosis of faults in the original system, and in this sense, there is latency involved. In the case of the high and low frequency time horizons noted here, 818 Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 45(5)

Angelo Bertoni

The professional trajectory of Étienne de Groër provides the opportunity to follow the development of town planning theories in the inter-war period which was marked by the gradual affirmation of the regional scale and the strengthening of the combination of the urban plan and regulations. His career also reveals the difficulties and wanderings of the town planning profession, which in the 1930s was facing the still emerging public commission and the competition from other professions. In this context, the close collaboration with a renowned urban planner, Donat-Alfred Agache, and the international mobility played a key role in Étienne de Groër’s professional affirmation. Lisbon and other major Portuguese cities gave him the opportunity to implement and refine his town planning ideas, in which the concept of the garden city figured prominently.

Anum Aleha, Anum Aleha, Syeda Mahwish Zahra et al.

Currently, cities and towns are home to over half of the global population, and this percentage will rise over the coming decades. Cities can be wonderful homes to live in if planned and maintained properly, but most urban developments have noticeably caused environmental destruction, which in turn results in issues like urban heat islands, flooding, and air pollution. Cities require forests as their breathing organs. The study refers to the case of Multan City, where the climate is deteriorating at an alarming rate due to rapid urbanization and the lack of vegetation. The study aims to provide an urban green infrastructure (UGI), which abides by the key proactive resilience principles of effectiveness, diversity, dependence, durability, versatility, autonomy, planning, and adaptability. A strategic literature review has been done to study the effects of urban forests, and various studies were reviewed as per the methodology adopted worldwide. The policy frameworks of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the New Urban Agenda (NUA) were considered while selecting sites for implementing urban forests. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was developed for the participation of the community nearby. Ten different sites were selected in the city based on ownership and feasibility, irrespective of SDG, NUA, and community opinions. The study concludes with the design suggestion of one site as a prototype in the given context.

Kathleen Bolger, A. Doyon

ABSTRACT Cities are growing rapidly, and the systems of production and consumption that support this growth are contributing to the depletion of natural resources and pollution of the environment. The circular economy model offers an alternative to the predominant take-make-dispose economic system. Local municipalities are seen to have the capacity to encourage sustainable development of the built environment. This paper aims to explore the role of strategic planning in facilitating a circular economy in urban settings. In particular, this research asks: How are local governments facilitating circular economy initiatives through strategic planning? What are the opportunities and barriers when applying circular economy principles through local strategic planning? The research approach used for this paper is a comparative case study of two international municipalities: the City of Melbourne, Australia and the City of Malmö, Sweden. Current strategic planning practice was examined with a focus on circular economy themes. The findings reveal that strategic urban planning can translate circular economy objectives into actions within specific urban areas, although barriers still exist to fully integrating the circular economy model.

P. Rabinow

This collection of essays explains the author's project to anthropologize the West. His goal is to exoticize the Western constitution of reality, emphasize those domains most taken for granted as universal, and show how their claims to truth are linked to particular social practices, hence becoming effective social forces. This text poses questions about how scientific practice can be understood in terms of ethics as well as in terms of power. The topics covered in the text include how French socialist urban planning in the 1930s engineered the transition from city planning to life planning; how the discursive and nondiscursive practices of the Human Genome Project and biotechnology have refigured life, labour and language; and how a debate over patenting cell lines and over the dignity of life required secular courts to invoke medieval notions of the sacred. The final essay is concerned with the place of science on modernity, on science as a vocation, and on the differences between the human and natural sciences.

Oksana Radchenko, Leonid Tulush, Serhii Leontovych

State security is the main guideline of state policy in the face of global challenges. For Ukraine, it is especially relevant, because during the period of the russian-Ukrainian war, its foundations and essence experience significant deformations. Since the risks and threats to national security have increased enormously in Ukraine under martial law, its financial component should be formed according to the tools corresponding to the challenges, even ahead of them, since, according to analysts, modern war is a war of finances. The problems faced by the state, the banking system, financial and commodity markets and institutions, corporations and households need new financial instruments to ensure flexibility in financing strategic goals. As of September, the losses of the Ukrainian economy from the war are estimated according to various estimates, from USD 105 billion, or 70% of the average annual GDP over the past 5 years, to USD 600 billion, and this exceeds the level of GDP in 2021 by 3 times. This actualizes the needs of the scientific study of financial instruments with the aim of effective state regulation and equalization in the face of limited and increasing losses of human and material resources, changes in the direction and speed of financial flows, their sources, structure, reproduction and reservation. The study examines financial instruments of a predominantly budgetary direction, as well as the components of national indicators of financial security. It is also important to analyze the share of the state in the economy, the size of which determines the speed of response and the completeness of resistance due to a threat to national security. To achieve the goals of the study, the main legally established risks of financial instruments of the national economy during the period of martial law are systematized. The indicators of the financial security of the state for the period of hybrid and military aggression of the rf (2013-2021) were assessed, and according to open sources of data, which are rather limited, a forecast of these indicators for 2022 was made. On the basis of the Financial Stability Report of the National Bank of Ukraine, the budget innovations of the period of martial law are analyzed. The sources of financing the state budget for the period of the legal regime of martial law and its main directions for 2023 are summarized. It is concluded that the financial system of Ukraine in a short time managed to organize financial flows in accordance with the needs of ensuring national security, form an optimal balance of resources, maintain the volume of financing of basic budget expenditures, attract donor resources and resist the inevitable decline of the economy during the war. The role of donor countries of economic and military assistance, in particular Latvia, in deterring military aggression and ensuring the stability of Ukraine's financial policy was emphasized.

Sanna Ala-Mantila, Antti Kurvinen, Aleksi Karhula

Abstract As a result of the ongoing urbanization megatrend, cities have an increasingly critical role in the search for sustainability. To create sustainable strategies for cities and to follow up if they induce desired effects proper metrics on the inter and intra-urban development is needed. In this paper, we analyze the sustainability development in the 20 largest cities in Finland through a residential area classification framework. The results based on high-quality register data show concerning trends in some sustainability measures, and divergent trends between cities and residential areas within. Overall, while densities have increased modestly, we see no clear signs of decreasing car ownership rates. Further, also manifestations of social sustainability seem to be insufficient in many locations–especially in residential mid-rise areas from the '60s and '70s, and '80s and '90s.

Petr Vařbuchta, Vít Hromádka

This article focuses on the issue of the urban development of cities and their residential development from the perspective of spatial planning. Spatial planning fundamentally determines what kind of construction is feasible in cities. However, spatial plans often do not consider spatial limits, which often go against the proposed ways of using the given sites, or make their use fundamentally difficult, for example, by disproportionately increasing of the costs of residential construction, when it is necessary to remediate old burdens in the defined locality. The subject of the presented research was to examine the possibility of establishing an Index of Residential Development (IoRD), which evaluates the possibilities of residential development in the territory of urban agglomerations. The aim of the research, in the form of establishing of an Index of Residential Development (IoRD), was to assess how it is possible to consider spatial limits associated with residential construction in urban intravilanes in order to identify the objectives of further spatial development planned by cities. Subsequently, the partial aim of the research was also to create a usable tool for support in the decision making of development organizations on the location of their project in a given space. Based on the results of the research, it was deduced that the limits associated with the residential development in intravilanes based on the IoRD could be considered. Clear links were also shown between the limits in the territory and the impaired possibility of construction in cities with zoning plans, which did not respond to the limits in the territory by adding other design zones, or completely ignored them. Although the methodology for determining of the Index of Residential Development (IoRD) was verified due to the availability of data in the case study carried out in the Czech Republic city of Brno, the methodology is applicable to any urban agglomeration even outside the Czech Republic when fulfilling the conditions defined in the article.

Daniel T. Rodgers

N. M. Mezhevich, V. V. Solodilov, V. A. Shamakhov

The development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration, like any other Russian and international agglomeration, is not only a spatial, but also a socio-economic process. The genesis of agglomeration is associated with economic and political changes. Spatial change is the consequence of new economic and political challenges. The development of the St. Petersburg agglomeration can and should be considered as a single integrated process, which does not mean denying the advisability of considering agglomeration by sector. This article addresses some issues in the western agglomeration sector.

P. Tan, J. Wang, A. Sia

Behzad Souki, Reza Najafbeigi, Karamallah Daneshfard

Aim and Introduction. Planning is one of the most essential tools for accelerating the growth and development of developing countries, accepted by most experts. Because for various reasons, these countries will be involved in poverty, recession, low and incomplete employment, high inflation, price fluctuations without planning, without any planning. Undoubtedly, the importance of planning in the regions that make up a country is doubly important. Therefore, the distance between Kermanshah metropolis and other metropolises in terms of development and lack of research at the level of local organizations increases the need for this research. The study of Kermanshah province shows that the cities of this province experience different conditions in terms of the level of development indicators. Qasr Shirin is in the first rank compared to other cities of the province, then Kermanshah and in the next ranks (undeveloped cities) are eleven cities of the province. Many officials in Kermanshah acknowledge the lack of a long-term plan for the development of the city and the province, which is the duty of the city council and municipality. Strategic planning in local organizations has always faced obstacles that affect the quality of programs. Identifying and providing solutions for them can affect the development of society. Methodology. This research pursues the two purposes of description and explanation. Therefore, the present study, on the one hand, seeks to identify the disadvantages of strategic planning, on the other hand, because the relationship between research variables analyzed based on the purpose of the research, to explain the relationship between events. In the qualitative part of the research, using semi-structured interviews and studying different texts by theme analysis method, 33 sub-categories were identified and classified into four categories: behavioral, communication, knowledge and institutional. In the quantitative part of the research, triangular fuzzy numbers have been used to fuzzy the experts' point of view. Then the questionnaire was prepared based on the presented model and distributed to 133 statistical population (sample of 98 people). Based on the results of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, considering that the significance value of at least one of the variables was less than the error level (0.05), so the data distribution was not normal. Due to the lack of sensitivity to the default normality of the data, smart pls software is the best structural equation software to run the model. The research model tested using the partial least squares technique. Then, to check the quality or validity of the model, a validity check used, which includes a subscription validity index and a redundancy validity index. The fit indices of the research model are positive and greater than zero, and then the model has acceptable quality and validity. The value of GOF index is 0.611, which is a strong index and shows the high quality of the model. Findings. After semi-structured interviews with experts and a study, injuries identified. Then 170 keywords and phrases were extracted through theme analysis and 33 indicators discovered through coding and classified into four groups. Four hypotheses the significant effect of the four cognitive, behavioral, communicative and institutional harms with strategic planning with a probability of 0.95 was not rejected. Finally, the analysis of the current and favorable status gap performed by distributing another questionnaire in the target population, which according to the results, there was a significant gap between the status and the desired four factors. The intensity of the effect of knowledge factor on strategic planning calculated to be 0.166 and the probability statistic of the test is 3.518, which is greater than the critical value of t at the error level of 5%, i.e. 1.96 and shows that the observed effect is significant. . Therefore, with 95% confidence, the knowledge factor has a significant effect on strategic planning. The intensity of the effect of the behavioral factor on strategic planning calculated to be 0.259 and the probability statistic of the test is 2.358, which is greater than the critical value of t at the 5% error level of 1.96 and shows a significant effect. Is. Therefore, with 95% confidence, the behavioral factor has a significant effect on strategic planning. Therefore, the intensity of the effect of the communication factor on strategic planning calculated equal to 0.412 and the probability statistic of the test obtained 4.448, which is greater than the critical value of t at the 5% error level, i.e. 1.96, and shows the observed effect. It is meaningful. Therefore, with 95% confidence, the communication factor has a significant effect on strategic planning. Finally, the intensity of the effect of the institutional factor on strategic planning is equal to 0.491 and the probability statistic of the test is 8.727, which shows that the observed effect is significant. Therefore, with 95% confidence, the managerial institutional factor has a significant effect on strategic planning.Discussion and Conclusion. Dissatisfaction with today's Iranian cities is a common experience of citizens, professionals and managers. The popular view of this issue is only looking for a solution to it. However, the city is the supreme product of human civilization, which emerges under the influence of innumerable components, and accepting the excessive influence of one factor in this field is in fact a kind of neglect of the issue. Among the important factors affecting the construction of Iranian cities, the system governing the preparation, approval and management of urban development plans has a significant share. The power structure in society, managers 'view of citizens' rights, city space in the eyes of people and decision makers, city maps and other such components play an important role in explaining how and what the planning system is. Examining the factors affecting strategic planning in general indicates the distance of the strategic planning system. The desired conditions achieved by correcting the injuries identified in this study through related organizations. According to the research results, the model presented in this study consists of four factors and a total of 33 indicators were identified, which were divided into four categories of knowledge with 4 indicators, behavioral with 10 indicators, communication with 8 indicators and institutional with 11 indicators. This model was the basis model for analyzing the current and desired situation. After performing the gap analysis, 26 indicators identified as damage because the current situation of these indicators is a significant distance from the desired situation and is far from the desired situation. The share of knowledge factors is three indicators, behavioral factors are eight indicators, communication factors are 6 indicators and institutional factors are nine indicators.

K. Schade, S. Radisch, M. Hübscher et al.

<p>Many East German cities face long-term shrinking processes, which contribute to declining city centers. This is particularly noticeable in small and medium-sized cities with low human and financial resources. A funding program that helps to regenerate inner cities is the regional city competition „Ab in die Mitte! Die City-Offensive Sachsen“ (AMS) in Saxony, organized as a public-private partnership. This study aims to (1) research AMS concerning its factors of success and obstacles, (2) analyze its role for small and medium-sized cities and, (3) give recommendations to improve AMS. The low-threshold of participation mainly encourages small and medium-sized cities to take part. AMS strengthens exchange and knowledge transfer and promotes endogenous planning strategies. The city competition offers low funding possibilities; therefore, it can only serve as an incentive system. AMS should improve transparency within the evaluation process and, realign its concept to future urban development strategies.</p>

Al-Dabbagh Riadh

Population growth, social and industrial activities have increased significantly, resulting in an increase in the quantities of wastes in UAE in specific the Emirate of Ajman. Most of the waste is still not thoroughly treated and ends up in municipal landfills, where organic waste generates many gases such as methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Currently, little of the waste is burned, and the rate of municipal waste recycling has been rapidly rising. Waste management in the Ajman is coordinated through local authorities. For this purpose the UAE has set Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to measure its performance against its targets of 2021. To support the national efforts, Ajman is continuously seeking to adopt vital initiatives and projects that are positively affecting all aspects of life. Waste issues are handled through recycling and converting waste to energy and resources, new technologies and improved waste separation and collection systems. Ajman Municipality and Planning Department has initiated plans and efforts in waste management, including converting waste to energy, treating wastewater, and controlling the movement of hazardous waste. The programs are implemented with the aim to reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of the city, including by paying particular attention to air quality and all types of waste. The paper presents an overview of the waste situation and the management practices according to the Municipality's plans and strategies. It is concluded that Ajman still lacks an infrastructure for organic waste recycling for residents. This organic waste is a significant contributor to methane emissions from landfills. Challenges are to be solved, such as the lack of adequate waste sorting and recycling facilities in the Emirate and weak community culture to adopt waste sorting. Many practices started to be implemented by the Municipality, for instance, creating an incinerator used to treat non-chemical medical waste generated from hospitals & clinics. As a result, Ajman has witnessed a reduction in the quantity of waste dumped in the landfill.

Ş. Kılkış

Xia Peng, Yi Bao, Zhou Huang

City image in general refers to the perception, the feeling, and the opinion of a city, which contributes great importance to urban management, urban planning, urban cultural perceptions, and tourism resource development. Traditionally, city image is often inferred by the `five-element' model of physical factors while lacking the consideration of subjective perception. With the rising penetration of smart mobile devices and social media, massive data of location-related texts has been generated for a variety of urban areas. The accessibility to the big data leads to a new approach of understanding the subjective perception of city image, which is important since the new approach takes the subjective heterogeneity into account. Based on the Beijing's Weibo (microblog) data in the year of 2016, we use a random forest model to categorize user backgrounds into locals and non-locals. Meanwhile, spatial clustering is applied to identify hotspots. Then two text analysis methods-term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA)-are adopted to abstract topics regarding the different geographical hotspots in the city across the different groups of individuals. Our research shows text mining on geotagged big data for city image makes it possible to accommodate the heterogeneity of the activities of different groups of people and to understand their preferences for different points of interests in the city, and thereby reveals the socio-cultural and functional features for the city.

J. Bryson

Antonio Capestro

This work that relates to an intence work of study and research, made since 2004, is organized in three thematic phases to rebuild an Arno new vision, to be seen as a cultural, urban, social and naturalistic resource. Knoledge. Proposed by CASADELLARNO, an exhibition area realised in 2014 in the historical Parco delle Cascine in Florence, inside the Centro Visite at the Piazzale del Re meant as an interactive museum, to accommodate stories, projects, researches with the aim of knowing in order to recover an active relation with the Arno river and therefore be able to set up a scenary of proposals of the river system improvable over time. Sharing. Thematic meeting organized in 2015, by the CISDU (International Centre for Studies in Urban Design), where public and private subjects, administrators, stakeholders and experts, had the chance to tell ideas, proposals so as to rebuild a state of art on the Arno in order to amplify the knowledge gained and implant a process of reconfiguration of the river in an organic and shared view. Project. Work carried out among the Architecture Department of Florence from 2004 to 2016 that deepens the project aspects of the vocation of the river Arno meant as a place to be regenerated and generator of links between city and territory.