The development and utilization of marine resources are becoming the focus of all countries. However, the special characteristics of the marine environment pose severe durability challenges to traditional concrete materials. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has gradually been widely used in marine engineering due to its excellent durability and corrosion resistance. This paper discusses the basic concept of UHPC and its mechanism of action, evaluates its current application in marine engineering, and analyzes the challenges of its application in the marine environment. On this basis, this paper looks forward to the future development direction of UHPC in marine engineering, pointing out that with the progress of material science and construction technology, UHPC will play a greater role in the research and development of new types of structures and the improvement of construction technology, and promote its wide application in marine engineering.
IntroductionResilience is not a new concept; however, its use in international development has increased. Currently, resilience is used in many fields, including humanitarian and emergency interventions, disaster risk management, security threats, livelihood analysis, urban development, and environmental sustainability. The most common terms associated with the concept of resilience are adversity, stress, adaptation, coping, risk factors, and protective factors (Mullin & Arce, 2008). Despite the increasing attention paid to resilience, there is still no fundamental consensus on its definition and operationalization. One factor that can have a destructive impact on the resilience of individuals and communities is poverty. Poverty is “the state or condition of being short or lacking money, goods, or means of support” in both relative and absolute meanings. Poverty in developed countries represents a set of social disadvantages that go beyond an absolute or relative lack of money and goods. Given that there is no clear definition of resilience (Luthar et al., 2000; Masten, 2007) and that resilience is a complex, multidimensional, and socially and culturally constructed construct, and on the other hand, to avoid predefined definitions, the present research aims to examine the meaning of resilience and its penetration into the mentality of beneficiaries who are supported and covered by charities due to poverty and unfavorable economic conditions. Understanding the concept of resilience in the context of this group of beneficiaries helps charity and community managers guide their actions in improving their resilience and helping them cope better with difficult life conditions.Research MethodologyThis research employed inductive content analysis, a methodology where themes are closely tied to the data itself. The coding process is conducted without adhering to a pre-existing framework or theme template. Given the variety of interview types available, the researchers opted for the semi-structured/semi-open interview approach, which is widely used. The study sample comprised ten participants, selected through purposive sampling. These individuals were beneficiaries of active charitable organizations in Isfahan, receiving either monetary or non-monetary support from these institutions.Research FindingsBy analyzing the interviews, five general themes were obtained, which are: "The meaning and concept of life's suffering", "Reliance on support sources", "Maintaining dignity in difficult situations", "Responding to despair", and "Transition perspectives".Discussion and ConclusionIn recent years, NGOs and charities have paid special attention to resilience in their strategies. However, as mentioned, there is no clear definition of resilience because it is a complex, multidimensional construct with social and cultural construction. Therefore, in the present study, as an initial step, instead of using theoretical approaches and predefined concepts, an attempt was made to explore the meaning of resilience in the minds and experiences of respondents who have been supported and covered by charities due to poverty and unfavorable economic conditions. In general, the results of the study showed that for the participants, resilience refers to a set of internal characteristics and its combination with external characteristics. Resilience is not necessarily an individual matter but is intertwined with external and social support resources in their immediate environment, such as family and friends, and even governmental support organizations such as relief committees and non-governmental organizations such as charities. In addition, the participants had a variety of resources that helped them adapt well to their adverse economic conditions. Internal factors that help people be more resilient in the face of life's adversities and difficulties. Although most interviewees have experienced and continue to experience difficult lives, most of them were satisfied with their current situation due to a positive attitude towards life, patience and perseverance, reliance on spirituality, and learning from lessons.AcknowledgmentsWe extend our gratitude to all individuals who participated in this study, as well as to the Institute for Endowment and Philanthropy Studies (Khaire Mandgar) for their financial backing and encouragement.
Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
This article deals with the issue of developing reflection in doctors of philosophy as subjects of com-
municative interaction.
The purpose of the article is to explore the essence, types of reflection, and approaches to its devel-
opment in doctors of philosophy as subjects of communicative interaction. The research employs methods
of categorical and semantic analysis, classification, and systematisation of scientific ideas regarding reflec-
tion and reflective processes, as well as the design of strategies, methods, and technologies for developing
reflection in doctors of philosophy.
The article substantiates the content of the concept of “reflection”, focusing on its types and noting
the importance and uniqueness of the role of this phenomenon in the structure of a personality.
It is argued that each reflective act can be represented as a sequence of certain stages that reflect
the corresponding components of reflectivity, presented as incidental or special abilities: detachment as
the ability to distance oneself from the situation (the ability to stop, not to allow only emotional reactions);
positive dissociation as the ability to see oneself from the outside; gnostic competence as a set of knowledge
that corresponds to a problem situation; articulateness as the ability to quickly actualize the fragments of
knowledge most adequate to the problem situation; lability as the ability to build alternative hypotheses
(when each proposed solution is accepted as one of the possible ones); originality as the ability to find non-
standard solutions, and to act in a non-stereotypical way; criticality as the ability to rationally predict the
degree of various options for solving the problem; and cognitivity as the cognitive component that prevails
in the adopted solution in relation to the problem situation.
In the presented research findings, the author understands reflection of doctors of philosophy as a
mechanism that ensures self-development and self-improvement of personal and professionally important
qualities that allow establishing constructive communicative interaction with various subjects, developing
an effective interaction strategy to productively solve professional tasks.
The priority of its role in various situations of interpersonal interaction and management of the
interaction process is noted. It is shown that reflection in the process of interaction is each subject’s awareness of various elements: methods of activity, emerging problems and ways to overcome them,
emotional transformations, forms of interaction, etc., which ensures the forecasting of the interaction
process, predicting its consequences, and timely correction. In the process of reflective activity, doctors of
philosophy develop the ability to manage their own actions, independently evaluate their own abilities, set
learning tasks and plans for their solution, analyse the findings obtained, and reflect on their own activities.
It is reflection that ensures a qualitatively new level of professional interaction, the awareness of oneself as
a subject of professional interaction.
It is stated that the development of reflection in doctors of philosophy is possible under the condition
of organizing an educational process taking into account the reflective-oriented concept, and creating an
innovative-reflective environment.
Approaches to the technological provision of the development of reflection in doctors of philosophy in
the process of solving educational situations are revealed, which covers a step-by-step method with clearly
defined stages.
The expediency of applying educational technologies that stimulate the development of reflection in
doctors of philosophy is substantiated.
It has been concluded that the success of the professional development of doctor of philosophy is
determined by their ability to adequately assess themselves and the effectiveness of their communicative
interaction, i.e., to reflect on all key communicative aspects of their professionalisation. This reflection
should be purposefully developed within an innovative-reflective environment.
Patricia N. Manley, Jonathan W. Long, Robert M. Scheller
Forest managers working in dry forest ecosystems must contend with the costs and benefits of fire, and they are seeking forest management strategies that enhance the resilience of forests and landscapes to future disturbances in a changing climate. An interdisciplinary science team worked with resource managers and stakeholders to assess future forest ecosystem dynamics, given potential climatic changes and management strategies, across a 23,000-ha landscape in the Lake Tahoe basin of California and Nevada in support of the Lake Tahoe West Restoration Partnership. We projected forest growth and fire dynamics using a landscape change model, upon which the science team layered additional modeling to evaluate changes in wildlife habitat, water, and economics. Managers and stakeholders used the findings of this integrated modeling effort to inform the design of a landscape restoration strategy that balanced risks and benefits based on a robust scientific foundation. The results, published in this Special Feature, suggest that a continuation of status quo management would be less effective at protecting and improving desired outcomes than more active and extensive management approaches. In addition, the types of management activity also affected ecosystem outcomes. Results from across the studies in this special feature suggest that thinning and prescribed fire were complementary, although they resulted in somewhat different effects, and that low-severity use of fire had the greatest array and magnitude of ecosystem benefits. A notable exception was carbon storage, which declined with more active management and prescribed fire in particular. We highlight key findings from this Special Feature and summarize key challenges and some lessons learned in our experience of co-producing science. In short, science-management partnerships require cooperation, patience, and skill, but they are effective in increasing the capacity of land managers to navigate in an environment of rapid change and increasing uncertainty.
Borys V. Pohrishchuk, Viktoria I. Melnyk, Natalia V. Dobizha
The entrepreneurial sector is entrusted with a supporting role in saturating the market with goods
and services, developing healthy competition, which puts the problem of forming entrepreneurial
potential in a special place and shows the relevance of this issue in the research of modern science.
The purpose of the work is to substantiate the organizational and economic foundations for
the formation of entrepreneurial potential in the agrarian sphere. The objectives of the study include
highlighting the aspects of structuring, effectiveness and existing dependencies in the development
of the agrarian sector; the influence of socio-economic factors on the formation of entrepreneurial
potential; substantiation of promising types of entrepreneurships in the agrarian sphere.
Substantiation of the structural elements of the manifestation of the essence of the agrarian
sphere, which influences the formation of entrepreneurial potential due to the effectiveness and existing
dependencies in development, provided an opportunity to determine the promising directions of the
development of the agrarian sphere. These include: the expansion of activities and production of new
types of products, provision of various services, in particular financial, informational and advisory, as
well as development of innovative entrepreneurship, oriented not only to the domestic sales market, but
also to the global markets of agricultural products.
The work focuses on the development of innovative entrepreneurship as a basis for strengthening
the economic potential of rural areas. The components of the development of the system of innovative
entrepreneurship as a basis for strengthening the economic potential of rural areas include: infrastructure
development; generation of scientific knowledge and innovations; creation of a training system for innovative
managers; motivation of labor in the agrarian sphere; investment support for innovative technological
processes; use of the latest technologies; expansion of integration ties between subjects of economic relations.
It has been proven that the implementation of organizational and economic measures for the
development of various forms and types of entrepreneurship in the agrarian sphere will contribute to solving
a number of problematic issues related to: increasing the level of employment and reducing migration
processes; ensuring compliance with a high level of product quality and marketability; regulation and
expansion of product sales directions; raising the level of awareness in financial and economic issues of
entrepreneurship development by strengthening the scientific and educational environment; development
of industrial and social infrastructure, as well as increasing the efficiency of their use.
Introduction: One of the methods of modern literary criticism is literary criticism based on the science of personality psychology, which has used the views of Carl Gustav Jung and the followers of Jung in the school of postmodernism such as Jane Shinoda Bollen. Dealing with how to create a literary work, discovering the mental process of writers and poets, and exploring their psyche to understand the work they have created are among the fields of study of this method of literary criticism. The postmodernists developed different approaches to analytical psychology and acted in line with Jung's views; In such a way that the analysis of postpartum is not possible without considering Jung's psychology. Carl Jung, a Swiss psychologist, with his extensive research on the nature of the human mind, came up with two very important and effective ideas for literary criticism: the concept of the collective unconscious and the archetypal theory. Attracted motivations in the characters of literary works that often those characters themselves are not consciously aware of. Also, the accuracy of the mental processes of the characters, by examining their free association, changed the method of character analysis in literary criticism. In contrast to the subconscious mind of the individual, which contains the events, memories, and aspirations of one's life, the collective subconscious mind is the heritage of our ancestors' potential ways of representation (phenomena of the universe) and has no individual aspect but with all human beings. Perhaps it can be said that all living things are common. Jung's archetypal theory, which is closely related to the collective unconscious theory., is one of the most important theories in psychology and psychoanalysis, which has a special place in the discussion of personality analysis. Becoming, as well as through perception, is transformed and acquires its characteristics from the individual mentality in which it has occurred for whatever reason.Archetypal critique focuses on general, repetitive, and conventional elements in the literature; Elements that cannot be explained in terms of tradition or historical influences. This critique studies each literary work as part of the whole literature. The basis of archetypal critique is that archetypes, images, characters, narrative schemes and typical themes and other phenomena of some kind of literature are present in all literary works "One of Jung's most influential figures in the field of personality archetype theory or personality typology is Shinoda Bolen. Bolen's theory and her personality types are one of the new typological approaches in the field of psychology and are not very well known even among Iranian psychologists and psychoanalysts. According to him, archetypes have a great impact on human life, behavior, culture and human civilization. Personality archetypes are directly related to ancient Greek mythology and are derived from the personalities of the gods and goddesses of ancient Greece. In fact, inspired by mythical gods and goddesses, he painted a series of different personality types for men and women.Methodology: Influenced by the gods and goddesses of ancient Greece, Bolen presents seven female archetypes named Hera, Hastia, Artemis, Athena, Demeter, Aphrodite, Persephone, and eight male archetypes named Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Apollo, Ares, Hephaestus, and Hephaestus. Gives. The description of all these archetypes is out of the question and we will deal only with the cases that are in line with the characters of the novel under study.Results and Discussion: In this article, the main characters of Afrah Laylat al-Qadr novel and also the sub-characters who were incidental during the novel and played a role in clarifying the aspects of the main characters are analyzed separately for men and women based on Bolen's personality model. The reason for choosing this novel to apply Bolen's theory is that in addition to the multiplicity of characters, their ups and downs in the novel can be analyzed and adapted based on Bolen archetypes; Therefore, this study seeks to answer these two fundamental questions:What effect did the conditions of family, surroundings, environment and society have on the formation of the dominant archetype of characters?After determining the dominant archetype of the characters in this novel, did the second and third archetypes exist for all of them?Conclusion: In this regard, the novel Afrah Laylat al-Qadr by Abd al-Karim Nassif, which deals with the social and emotional relations of the two families, has been a suitable option for adapting Bolen's personality archetypes to the main characters of this novel. Based on Shinoda Bolen's theory and descriptive-analytical method, this research tries to identify the archetypes of each of the main male and female characters in the novel Afraha Laylat al-Qadr and the influence of factors such as family, society, environment, friends, cultural conditions and .. Also check. The result of the review of Afrah Laylat al-Qadr novel is that all seven archetypes of female personality and eight archetypes of male personality are present in all individuals, but the amount is different in the characters, and in the end there is only one archetype that has a high percentage. Dedicates itself and identifies the dominant archetype of that person.Keywords: Jung, Shinoda Bolen, Archetypes of personality, the novel Afrah Leilat Al-Ghadr, Abd Al-Karim Nasif.
Languages and literature of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania
Fouad Achkouty, Richard Chbeir, Laurent Gallon
et al.
The proliferation of sensor and actuator devices in Internet of things (IoT) networks has garnered significant attention in recent years. However, the increasing number of IoT devices, and the corresponding resources, has introduced various challenges, particularly in indexing and querying. In essence, resource management has become more complex due to the non-uniform distribution of related devices and their limited capacity. Additionally, the diverse demands of users have further complicated resource indexing. This paper proposes a distributed resource indexing and querying algorithm for large connected environments, specifically designed to address the challenges posed by IoT networks. The algorithm considers both the limited device capacity and the non-uniform distribution of devices, acknowledging that devices cannot store information about the entire environment. Furthermore, it places special emphasis on uncovered zones, to reduce the response time of queries related to these areas. Moreover, the algorithm introduces different types of queries, to cater to various user needs, including fast queries and urgent queries suitable for different scenarios. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was evaluated through extensive experiments covering index creation, coverage, and query execution, yielding promising and insightful results.
Alla Romanchenko, Tetiana Kovalevska, Mariia Druzhynets
The purpose of the research is a qualification of comparativity as a component of nonfictional
literature. The diaries, authored by the poet, novelist, literary critic and scientist Petro Soroka, were used as a source base. The
actual base consists of comparativemas extracted from these works using the method of continuous sampling. The object of
the article is a comparison, and the subject is semantic-functional, linguistic-cultural, neurolinguistic and pragmatic analysis
of comparative constructions that make up a specific system.
The researched diaries contain introversion and literary parts, each of which expresses the author’s inner world,
reflections on nature or thoughts on the literary process. A special subsystem is represented by the epistemological-artistic
comparative paradigm. We interpret the paradigm as a model of the world, and we define the comparative paradigm as a set
of logical, semantic, functional and ethnocultural models that are appropriately verbalized and make up the system. In general,
the comparative paradigm of the Ukrainian language is a complex system. The qualification of the comparative paradigm
provides a comprehensive consideration of the phenomenon of comparison. The article provides a linguistic qualification of
comparison. The logical types and subtypes of comparative models are determined, the specifics of comparison as a fragment
of equivalence are outlined, some ethnocultural codes of the writer like his idea of environment and creativity are characterized,
stylistic parameters and communicative aspects as an expansive complex comparative system are outlined. Petro Soroka is
interpreted as a linguistic personality that correlates with the visual type of perception of the world.
The main metabolite of lactobacilli, regulating their anti-inflammatory functions, is lactic acid (LA), which maintains the physiological state of the microbiocenosis of the vagina of women of reproductive age. Normocenosis of the vagina is based on a combination of acidic environment and colonization resistance. Pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic pathogens are colonized mainly in an alkaline environment. LA is an important biological substrate that supports the vaginal microbiota. Normally, the reaction of the vaginal contents is a pH of 3.8 to 4.5, and only in this case lactobacilli predominate in the biotope, which are able to unite into special communities – biofilms, forming the most powerful factor in protecting the vagina from adhesion and invasion of pathogens: a full-fledged lactobacillary biofilm is often able to prevent adhesion of even STI pathogens. Disruption of the functioning of each of the links of protection of the vaginal microbiome leads to a change in the pH of the habitat and excessive reproduction of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. A frequent infectious syndrome, accompanied by an imbalance of the vaginal microbiota and the replacement of lactoflora with various types of anaerobic microorganisms (Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mobiluncus, Prevotella), is bacterial vaginosis. When prescribing antibacterial treatment, side effects are possible: allergic reactions, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, candidiasis. The review presents the possibility of using LA, which is a basis in the composition of the drug Lactodepantol (Femilex®) – vaginal suppositories containing 100 mg of LA, as the main factor regulating the natural composition of the vaginal microbiota and the possibility of using vaginal suppositories based on LA (lactodepantol) for the prevention and treatment of bacterial vaginosis in the form of monotherapy and in combination with antimicrobials.
The review analyzes data from 59 sources, of which 27 are the works of domestic
scientists, 32 sources are presented in a foreign language. Special attention is paid to
the peculiarities of the physiology of biofilms: the presence of extracellular matrix (EPS), auto-
inductors and Quorum Sensing from the standpoint of adaptive mechanisms to the aggressive
environment of the body. In conclusion, there are practically no planktonic forms of microorganisms
in the body – most exist as part of associations; the interaction of biofilm components
is carried out through auto-inductors, which are transmitted through channels to EPS;
the formation of biofilms at the gene level is controlled by Quorum Sensing, while 4 main
types of QS are distinguished; the presence of biofilms causes the growth of antibioticresistant.
It is recommended to further study the features of the interaction of microorganisms
in biofilms with a view to the prospect of artificial creation of biofilms with specified biological
properties by co-cultivation of antagonistic strains of microorganisms.
Generation Z, as the first generation growing up in the environment of globalization, has emerged as a new important consumer group worldwide. Compared with other generations, members of Generation Z possess some notable characteristics such as lower brand loyalty and less interest in mainstream products. Meanwhile, they also display a strong tendency to nostalgia, which has been a widelyused theme in marketing and proved to enhance consumers' brand attitudes and purchasing intentions. Based on the unique preferences and needs of Generation Z, this study explored the innovative strategy of nostalgia-driven design of brand spokes-characters and related digitalization, which are popular design elements in brand promotion and advertising. Through a multi-method qualitative approach (including user interviews, creative exercises, and content analysis), it provided important consumer insights into the attitudes of Generation Z on brand spokes-characters that can trigger nostalgia, as well as their preferences for design strategies focusing on two types of nostalgia, i.e., personal nostalgia and historical nostalgia. Given the special preference of Generation Z for story-based brand spokes-characters, this study also emphasized the value of advanced digital media technology for creating truly nostalgic story scenes that could continue to impress consumers. Such findings have formed an important basis for ongoing quantitative studies that further examine the effectiveness of nostalgia-driven design for Generation Z.
Alkarawy, Heyder G Wannes, AL-Kuwair, Ezdehar J. Mohammed
The status process and the multiplicity occur in the economic environment in the Republic of Iraq within the organization of work for companies and change towards the best new types of special operations through accounting and administrative methods to reduce costs. The paper opted the decision on the use of outsourcing and defined comprehensive evaluation criteria for the effectiveness of outsourcing - the outsourcing factor (Fout), which takes into average values obtained for the estimates of relative parameters to be interpreted on the Harrington scale translated into a ten-point system. The authors rely data analyses of business processes based on a sample from one of the industrial companies operating in the Republic of Iraq, which is the State Company For Implementation (SCI), in the Republic of Iraq, in the demonstrated the need to transfer it to full outsourcing & partial outsourcing and actually execution. This has a positive impact on the company's main financial and economic indicators and increase their competitiveness in the market, which has been the focus of many research studies. The study itself brings a unique method in theory and practice, which can be used by other companies, to deduce the implications of business organization to decision makers who are seeking for the best types of new special operations, which contributes to raising its competitiveness in the market.
Currently, studies of the problems of convergence of leading countries in terms of the lean use of natural resources, the reduction of harmful emissions and the transition to using new types of energy carriers are highly relevant, with regard to sustainable development mainstream. At the same time, the majority of authors consider convergent processes from an economic or socio-political point of view. In this regard, the article examines the issues of ecological convergence, as a special structural shift in the economy, leading to radical positive changes in the environmental management system and a decrease in anthropogenic impact on the environment.
The majority of scientists agree on climate change and on the most daunting environmental problems humans are
facing today. Moved by a commendable desire to contribute to the solution of these problems, several scientists have
decided to speak up, telling the scientific truth about climate change to decision-makers and the public. Although
appreciating the commitment to intervene in the public arena, I discuss some limits of these interventions. I argue
that stating the reality of climate change does not prescribe any specific solution and sometimes it seems faint in
distributing responsibilities. I ask whether unveiling/knowing the truth can be enough to foster radical
transformations. Can knowledge move people towards transformative actions if power relationships do not change?
Various environmental justice controversies prove that even when science is certain—and this is rarely the case in
that kind of controversies—knowing might be not enough in the face of power structures preventing free choices
and radical changes. In the end of my article, I state that it is fair to recognize that scientists have done their parts,
and it is now up to social movements to foster the radical changes in power relationships that are needed for
transforming societies.
Environmental protection, Special types of environment
Error correction plays a crucial role when transmitting data from the source to the destination through a noisy channel. It has found many applications in television broadcasting services, data transmission in radiation harsh environment (e. g. space probes or physical experiments) or memory storages influenced by Single Event Effects (SEE). Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes provide an important technique to correct these errors.
The parameters of error correction depend both on the decoding algorithm and on the LDPC code given by the parity-check matrix. Therefore, a particular design of the paritycheck matrix is necessary. Moreover, with the development of high performance computing, the application of genetic optimization algorithms to design the parity-check matrices has been enabled.
In this article, we present the application of the genetic optimization algorithm to produce error correcting codes with special properties, especially the burst types of errors. The results show the bounds of correction capabilities for various code lengths and various redundancies of LDPC codes. This is particularly useful when designing systems under the influence of noise combined with the application of the error correction codes.
Paper as a material needs a lot of input energy. Many measures have been suggested to recycle paper, but still a huge amount of it ends in landfills. Hereby, one possibility for recycling paper - making paper plaster and putting it into service in indoor environment - is introduced. The study focuses on the moisture buffering properties of paper plaster. Two questions are under consideration in this article. Firstly, how paper type and production method influence the properties (dry density, drying shrinkage) of paper plaster, and secondly, what the material moisture buffering properties of paper plaster are. The plasters for testing were made from four types of paper (printer paper, glossy paper, newsprint and book paper). The production methods used were rumpling, grinding with a shredder or special crusher (prepared for the study) and soaking the paper after that. The dry density of groups varied from approx. 240 kg/m3 to 400 kg/m3. The shrinkage properties were from 3% to 10% in diameter. To evaluate the moisture buffering ability of paper plaster, the methodology introduced in the Nordtest protocol was used. Paper plaster is an outstanding water vapour buffering material [MBV=2.23-3.91 g/(m2·%RH)] belonging to the moisture buffering class "excellent" defined by Rode [15]. From the production methods rumpling gave the best value while printer paper showed the best values from the chosen materials. The tests with glossy paper resulted in modest values. To conclude, all the paper materials and preparation methods introduced in this study can be used to make paper plaster
This paper presents a global monocular indoor positioning system for a robotic vehicle starting from a known pose. The proposed system does not depend on a dense 3D map, require prior environment exploration or installation, or rely on the scene remaining the same, photometrically or geometrically. The approach presents a new way of providing global positioning relying on the sparse knowledge of the building floorplan by utilizing special algorithms to resolve the unknown scale through wall⁻plane association. This <i>Wall Plane Fusion</i> algorithm presented finds correspondences between walls of the floorplan and planar structures present in the 3D point cloud. In order to extract planes from point clouds that contain scale ambiguity, the <i>Scale Invariant Planar RANSAC</i> (SIPR) algorithm was developed. The best wall⁻plane correspondence is used as an external constraint to a custom Bundle Adjustment optimization which refines the motion estimation solution and enforces a global scale solution. A necessary condition is that only <i>one</i> wall needs to be in view. The feasibility of using the algorithms is tested with synthetic and real-world data; extensive testing is performed in an indoor simulation environment using the <i>Unreal Engine</i> and <i>Microsoft Airsim</i>. The system performs consistently across all three types of data. The tests presented in this paper show that the standard deviation of the error did not exceed 6 cm.
Katia Suemi Gozi, Juliana Rodrigues Froes, Luana Perpetua Tobias Deus Ajude
et al.
Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a public health issue since it limits the choices to treat infections by Escherichia coli in humans and animals. In Brazil, the ovine meat market has grown in recent years, but studies about AR in sheep are still scarce. Thus, this study aims to investigate the presence of AR in E. coli isolated from lambs during feedlot. To this end, feces from 112 lambs with 2 months of age, after weaning, were collected on the first day of the animals in the feedlot (day 0), and on the last day before slaughtering (day 42). Isolates were selected in MacConkey agar supplemented with 4 mg/L of ceftiofur and identified by biochemical methods. Isolates were submitted to an antimicrobial susceptibility test by disc-diffusion and PCR to investigate genes for phylogenetic group, virulence determinants and resistance to the several antimicrobial classes tested. The genetic localization of the bla genes detected was elucidated by S1-PFGE followed by Southern blot-hybridizations. The isolates were typed by XbaI-PFGE and MLST methods. Seventy-eight E. coli were isolated from 8/112 (7.1%) animals on day 0, and from 55/112 (49.1%) animals on day 42. Since only fimH was present in almost all E. coli (97.4%) as a virulence gene, and also 88.5% belonged to phylogroups B1 or A, we consider that isolates represent intestinal commensal bacteria. The dendrogram separated the 78 non-virulent isolates in seven clusters, two of which comprised 50 E. coli belonging to ST/CC 1727/446 or ST 3994 recovered on day 42 commonly harboring the genotype blaCMY -2-aac(3)-IIa -tetA-sul1-sul2-floR-cmlA. Special attention should be given to the presence of blaCTX-M-15, a worldwide gene spread, and blaCTX-M-14, a hitherto undetected gene in Enterobacteriaceae from food-producing animals in Brazil. Importantly, E. coli lineages and plasmids carrying bla genes detected here have already been reported as sources of infection in humans either from animals, food, or the environment, which raises public health concerns. Hence, two types of commensal E. coli carrying important AR genes clearly prevailed during feedlot, but lambs are also reservoirs of bacteria carrying important AR genes such as blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-15, mostly related to antimicrobial treatment failure.
The paper considers open computing systems, which provide the necessary growth of performance and memory by mechanical addition of new units without affecting the existing software environment. Such computing systems are based on the application of a special functionally complete element base (planner, functor, communicator) that implements parallel processing using dataflow control flows when necessary program fragments are transferred along with the data. Aimed at this, when a certain procedure is found ready for starting (the planner is ready for all the data it needs), the corresponding part of the program is opened in the planner – the operator, which is then transferred along with the data to the free execution device – the functor. The result is always returned along the same route by which the procedure was activated. The layouts of the open systems using two units of design are considered: cells on the reduced element base, and servers assembled from these cells. A two-level distributed switching environment is used. At the cell level, it is provided by the transit properties of the planners and functors, and at the server level – by communicators that are part of the cells. Three types of cells are identified, which enable the growth of computing system functions: cells for increasing the number of gateways used to exchange with the external environment, cells for increasing control and working memory, cells for increasing performance. The recession of the concentrated switching environment allowed for these types of computing systems extensions to be performed independently and without any restrictions on their size. A three-dimensional structure of open systems is described, which can be used to build supercomputers.