Hasil untuk "Science"

M. Wheatley

H. Feigl, M. Scriven

W. Ames

R. Giere

H. Longino

J. Needham

Law. Policy

P. Bell, B. Lewenstein, Andrew Shouse et al.

Benjamin F. Jones, S. Wuchty, Brian Uzzi

S. McGregor

Pamela R. Aschbacher, E. Li, Ellen J. Roth

P. Bourdieu

B. Fraser, K. Tobin, C. Mcrobbie

M. Foucault

M. Matsuoka, K. Kawasaki, S. Ueno et al.

The Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) mission is the first astronomical payload to be installed on the Japanese Experiment Module — Exposed Facility (JEM-EF or Kibo-EF) on the International Space Station. It has two types of X-ray slit cameras with wide FOVs and two kinds of X-ray detectors consisting of gas proportional counters covering the energy range of 2 to 30 keV and X-ray CCDs covering the energy range of 0.5 to 12 keV. MAXI will be more powerful than any previous X-ray All Sky Monitor payloads, being able to monitor hundreds of Active Galactic Nuclei. A realistic simulation under optimal observation conditions suggests that MAXI will provide all-sky images of X-ray sources of � 20 mCrab (� 7 � 10 � 10 erg cm � 2 s � 1 in the energy band of 2–30 keV) from observations during one ISS orbit (90 min), � 4.5 mCrab for one day, and � 2 mCrab for one week. The final detectability of MAXI could be � 0.2 mCrab for two years, which is comparable to the source confusion limit of the MAXI field of view (FOV). The MAXI objectives are: (1) to alert the community to X-ray novae and transient X-ray sources, (2) to monitor long-term variabilities of X-ray sources, (3) to stimulate multi-wavelength observations of variable objects, (4) to create unbiased X-ray source cataloges, and (5) to observe diffuse cosmic X-ray emissions, especially with better energy resolution for soft X-rays down to 0.5 keV.

T. Miller, Arnim Wiek, D. Sarewitz et al.

W. Cheong, S. Yang, Faiz Ali

E. Miguel, Colin Camerer, K. Casey et al.

Seungjae Han, Taeyoung Oh, Soohyeon Lee et al.

With continuous advancements in autonomous driving technology, systematic and reliable safety verification is becoming increasingly important. However, despite the active development of various X-in-the-loop simulation (XILS) platforms to validate autonomous driving systems (ADSs), standardized evaluation frameworks for assessing the credibility of the simulation platforms themselves remain lacking. Therefore, we propose a novel integrated credibility-assessment methodology that combines dynamics-based fidelity assessment, parameter-based reliability assessment, and scenario-based reliability assessment. These three techniques evaluate the similarity and consistency between XILS and real-world test data based on statistical and mathematical comparisons. The three consistency measures are then utilized to derive a dynamics-based correlation metric for fidelity, along with parameter-based and scenario-based correlation and applicability metrics for reliability. The novel contribution of this paper lies in a geometric similarity analysis methodology that significantly enhances the efficiency of credibility assessment. We propose a methodology that enables geometric similarity assessment through spider chart visualization of metrics derived from the credibility-assessment process and shape comparison, based on Procrustes, Fréchet, and Hausdorff distances. As a result, speed is not a dominant factor for credibility evaluation, enabling assessment with a single representative speed test; the framework simplifies the XILS evaluation and enhances ADS validation efficiency.

Susheel Kumar Nethi, Venugopal Gunda, Nagabhishek Sirpu Natesh et al.

Summary: Pancreatic cancer (PC) exhibits profound metabolic adaptations that support tumor progression, survival, and therapy resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key regulator of these processes, promoting metabolic reprogramming and chemoresistance. Given that mitochondrial metabolites modulate HIF-1α stability, targeting mitochondrial metabolism offers a promising therapeutic strategy. Niclosamide (Nic), a clinically approved anthelmintic, disrupts mitochondrial function but is limited by poor bioavailability. To overcome this, we developed polyanhydride-based Nic nanoparticles (NicNps) to enhance bioavailability and efficacy. NicNps impaired mitochondrial function, suppressed metabolism, downregulated HIF-1α, and inhibited growth of PC cells and orthotopic gemcitabine (Gem)-resistant mouse tumor models. Notably, NicNps combined with Gem overcame therapy resistance by synergistically reducing tumor hypoxia and HIF-1α-driven metabolic reprogramming. These findings highlight NicNps as a mitochondria-targeted, nanoparticle-based therapy that enhances Nic’s bioavailability while suppressing HIF-1α-driven adaptations. NicNps in combination with Gem offer a promising strategy to overcome therapy resistance and improve treatment outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer.