Hasil untuk "Print media"

M. Mcluhan

Anna Bertani, Valeria Mazzeo, Riccardo Gallotti

In the digital era, information consumption is predominantly channeled through online news media disseminated on social media platforms. Understanding the complex dynamics of the news media environment and users habits within the digital ecosystem is a challenging task that requires at the same time large bases of data and accurate methodological approaches. This study contributes to this expanding research landscape by employing network science methodologies and entropic measures to analyze the behavioural patterns of social media users sharing news pieces and dig into the diverse news consumption habits within different online social media user groups. Our analyses reveal that users are more inclined to share news classified as fake when they have previously posted conspiracy or junk science content, and vice versa, creating a series of misinformation hot streaks. To better understand these dynamics, we used three different measures of entropy to gain insights into the news media habits of each user, finding that the patterns of news consumption significantly differ among users when focusing on disinformation spreaders, as opposed to accounts sharing reliable or low-risk content. Thanks to these entropic measures, we quantify the variety and the regularity of the news media diet, finding that those disseminating unreliable content exhibit a more varied and at the same time a more regular choice of web domains. This quantitative insight into the nuances of news consumption behaviours exhibited by disinformation spreaders holds the potential to significantly inform the strategic formulation of more robust and adaptive social media moderation policies.

Andreea-Victoria GRIGORE

A Storm in Pandemic Times. The Terminological Syntagm ‘Cytokine Storm’ in the Scientific Discourse of Popularisation in Romanian. The object of this contribution is the occurrence of the terminological syntagm cytokine storm (Rom. furtună de citokine) in various excerpts of Romanian scientific discourse of popularisation with reference to the Covid-19 pandemic and/or the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The terminological analysis of the syntagm cytokine storm is limited to a selection of four fragments which have appeared in recent Romanian mass-media discourse. In these fragments, both physicians and journalists specialised in medical science have been asked to explain the cytokine storm anti-inflammatory reaction, which seems to have caused the death of many people during the Covid-19 pandemic. The fragments of popularisation discourse have been selected from interviews broadcast at TV stations or from articles posted on medical websites or in health sections in the online press. As a result of the phenomenon known as the scientific vulgarisation, the corresponding discourse is closely linked to the democratisation of knowledge, in which both mass-media and education play an important part. Moreover, the discourse of popularisation takes into account not only the addresser, but also the addressee of a certain message. In order to make the layman addressee correctly decode the scientific (and terminological) notions, the specialist needs to render the specialised message in a more simplified and easy-to-understand manner. Therefore, the paper aims to highlight the different linguistic means which have been used by various addressers to deliver the necessary explanations for the cytokine storm reaction, so that the non-specialised addressees could understand what the syntagm itself exactly denotes. Furtună în vremea pandemiei. Sintagma terminologică furtună de citokine în discursul de vulgarizare științifică din limba română. Obiectul acestei lucrări este apariția sintagmei terminologice furtună de citokine în diverse fragmente din discursul științific românesc de popularizare, cu referire la pandemia de Covid-19 și/sau la virusul SARS-CoV-2. Analiza terminologică a sintagmei furtună de citokine se limitează la o selecție de patru fragmente apărute în discursul recent al mass-mediei românești. În aceste fragmente, atât medici, cât și jurnaliști specializați în domeniul medical au încercat să explice reacția antiinflamatoare denumită furtună de citokine, care pare să fi cauzat moartea multor persoane în timpul pandemiei de Covid-19. Fragmentele discursive de vulgarizare științifică au fost selectate din interviuri difuzate la posturi de televiziune, precum și din articole postate pe site-uri medicale sau în rubrici de sănătate din presa online. Ca urmare a fenomenului cunoscut sub numele de vulgarizare științifică, discursul corespunzător este strâns legat de democratizarea cunoașterii, în care mass-media, dar și educația joacă un rol important. În plus, discursul de popularizare ia în considerare nu numai emițătorul, ci și destinatarul unui anumit mesaj. Pentru ca destinatarul profan să decodeze corect noțiuni științifice (și terminologice), specialistul trebuie să redea mesajul specializat într-o manieră mai simplificată și mai ușor de înțeles. Prin urmare, lucrarea își propune să evidențieze diferitele mijloace lingvistice care au fost folosite de o serie de emitățori în oferirea de explicații pentru apariția furtunii de citokine, astfel încât destinatarii nespecializați să poată înțelege ce anume denotă sintagma în sine. Cuvinte-cheie: sintagma terminologică „furtună de citokine”, discurs de vulgarizare științifică, cunoștințe medicale, mass-media, mijloace lingvistice de vulgarizare științifică Article history: Received 06 October 2023; Revised 03 January 2024; Accepted 21 January 2024; Available online 27 March 2024; Available print 27 March 2024

Devi Fitriani, Rahmini Hadi, Naerul Edwin Kiky Aprianto et al.

The purpose of this research is to find out how it is implemented as well as the success factors and inhibiting factors of the ZIS fundraising strategy through the use of the QRIS non-cash payment system at BAZNAS Banyumas Regency. The type of research used in this research is field research, which is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques used in this study are interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis used in this study includes data reduction, data presentation, conclusion, and verification. Test the validity of the data in this study using triangulation techniques. This research shows that BAZNAS Banyumas Regency in collecting ZIS funds through the QRIS non-cash paid system, applies four strategies, including 1) The segments and targets of QRIS muzakki are the millennial and z generations, 2) Prepare and provide competent human resources, 3) Building a communication system through social media and print media, 4) Develop and implement online zakat services through QRIS. In its implementation, the program attracts the convenience of transactions through QRIS, fosters a sense of empathy for donors with the mustahik distribution and utilization program, collaborates with BSI, provides good services in the form of zakat consultations, reports on the collection and distribution of ZIS funds to muzakki, proof of ZIS deposits, and pray for and thank you note. The success factors include online zakat services, utilizing social media and print media to promote ZIS payments through QRIS, and QRIS can be accessed 24 hours. The inhibiting factors are the lack of public awareness of paying ZIS, public understanding regarding digital technology, and the lack of special socialization of ZIS payments through QRIS.

P. Delgado, L. Salmerón

This study explored the influence of reading media and reading time-frame on readers' on-task attention, metacognitive calibration, and reading comprehension. One hundred and forty undergraduates were allocated to one of four experimental conditions varying on the reading medium (in print vs. on screen) and on the reading time-frame (free vs. pressured time). Readers' mindwandering while reading, prediction of performance on a comprehension test, and their text comprehension were measured. In-print readers, but not on-screen readers, mindwandered less on the pressured than in the free time condition, indicating higher task adaptation in print. Accordingly, on-screen readers in the pressured condition comprehended less than the other three groups. Mindwandering and text comprehension were similar under free reading time regardless of medium. Lastly, there were no differences in readers’ metacognitive calibration. The results support the hypothesis of shallow information processing when reading on screen under time constraints.

N. Usher

Hong Tang, Yingjie Zhang, Bowen Zheng et al.

Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) is an emerging technology enabled through the integration of advanced semiconductor devices and 3D printing technology. It unlocks tremendous market potential by realizing low-cost flexible circuits and systems that can be conformally integrated into various applications. However, the operating frequencies of most reported FHE systems are relatively low. It is also worth to note that reported FHE systems have been limited to relatively simple design concept (since complex systems will impose challenges in aspects such as multilayer interconnections, printing materials, and bonding layers). Here, we report a fully 3D-printed flexible four-layer millimeter-wave Doppler radar (i.e., a millimeter-wave FHE system). The sensing performance and flexibility of the 3D-printed radar are characterized and validated by general field tests and bending tests, respectively. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of developing fully 3D-printed high-frequency multilayer FHE, which can be conformally integrated into irregular surfaces (e.g., vehicle bumpers) for applications such as vehicle radars and wearable electronics.

David Rozado

Previous research has identified a post-2010 sharp increase of terms used to denounce prejudice (i.e. racism, sexism, homophobia, Islamophobia, anti-Semitism, etc.) in U.S. and U.K. news media content. Here, we extend previous analysis to an international sample of news media organizations. Thus, we quantify the prevalence of prejudice-denouncing terms and social justice associated terminology (diversity, inclusion, equality, etc.) in over 98 million news and opinion articles across 124 popular news media outlets from 36 countries representing 6 different world regions: English-speaking West, continental Europe, Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, Persian Gulf region and Asia. We find that the post-2010 increasing prominence in news media of the studied terminology is not circumscribed to the U.S. and the U.K. but rather appears to be a mostly global phenomenon starting in the first half of the 2010s decade in pioneering countries yet largely prevalent around the globe post-2015. However, different world regions' news media emphasize distinct types of prejudice with varying degrees of intensity. We find no evidence of U.S. news media having been first in the world in increasing the frequency of prejudice coverage in their content. The large degree of temporal synchronicity with which the studied set of terms increased in news media across a vast majority of countries raises important questions about the root causes driving this phenomenon.

Cai Yang

The COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting the world dramatically ever since 2020. The minimum availability of physical interactions during the lockdown has caused more and more people to turn to online activities on social media platforms. These platforms have provided essential updates regarding the pandemic, serving as bridges for communications. Research on studying these communications on different platforms emerges during the meantime. Prior studies focus on areas such as topic modeling, sentiment analysis and prediction tasks such as predicting COVID-19 positive cases, misinformation spread, etc. However, online communications with media outlets remain unexplored on an international scale. We have little knowledge about the patterns of the media consumption geographically and their association with offline political preference. We believe addressing these questions could help governments and researchers better understand human behaviors during the pandemic. In this thesis, we specifically investigate the online consumption of media outlets on Twitter through a set of quantitative analyses. We make use of several public media outlet datasets to extract media consumption from tweets collected based on COVID-19 keyword matching. We make use of a metric "interaction" to quantify media consumption through weighted Twitter activities. We further construct a matrix based on it which could be directly used to measure user-media consumption in different granularities. We then conduct analyses on the United States level and global level. To the best of our knowledge, this thesis presents the first-of-its-kind study on media consumption on COVID-19 across countries, it sheds light on understanding how people consume media outlets during the pandemic and provides potential insights for peer researchers.

Panayiotes (Peter) Tryphonopoulos

Comparing the Gutenberg Galaxy with what he called the Marconi Constellation (Understanding Media, 1964), Marshall McLuhan discussed “the effects of radio [as being] quite independent of its programming” (that is, “the medium is the message”), noting that electronic media represent “an ever-simultaneous flow which is a very far cry indeed from the one direction, one level flow of the printed page, or of the lecture platform.” Thinking of what he calls “the typographic trance of the West [that] has endured until today” (Playboy interview, 1969), McLuhan prophesized the shift from the visual culture of print to the acoustic culture of the electronic: “[T]he Gutenberg Galaxy is being eclipsed by the constellation of Marconi.” I propose that this concept has its roots in McLuhan’s deep interest in modernism but also that it leaves its imprint on his progressive pedagogy as formulated in “Education in the Electronic Age” (1967, 1970) where he proposes an experiential, collaborative, student-centered, project-based, integrated learning as a way of “the training of [students’] perception.” In this paper, I compare two brief passages, one from T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land (1922) and the other from McLuhan’s Counterblast (1954) as examples of the progressive heuristic tool of exploration McLuhan called “mosaic” and offered as a tool for the training of readers’/students’ perception. Eliot’s poem offers a paradigm of a modernist experiment in which the reader is invited to inhabit the text’s intervals, learning to read the page which, though visual, aspires to be polyphonic, simultaneous, and (in McLuhan’s terms) acoustic--instead of just visual. The paper therefore argues that McLuhan’s emerging, radical, future-looking, electronic, post-modernist poetics is firmly rooted in the modernist praxis of “making it new” that looks both to its modernist past and the electronic/media/digital future.

Maria M. Smit, Marius Pretorius

Orientation: From a critical entrepreneurship perspective, this article examines the potential hegemonic nature of the mainstream entrepreneurship discourse. Research objectives: (1) To determine what mainstream entrepreneurship assumptions and resulting discourses are being reproduced in the South African media discourse. (2) To determine if and how this current discourse is naturalising knowledge claims about ‘entrepreneurship’. (3) To highlight the hegemonic possibilities of producing and reproducing this discourse in a South African context. (4) To provide recommendations that could mitigate the potential hegemonic entrepreneurship discourse in South Africa. Motivation for the study: Everything labelled ‘entrepreneurship’ is not contributing to job creation and economic development equally. From a critical standpoint it is becoming evident that the assumptions underlying mainstream entrepreneurship discourse – especially when entrepreneurship is used as a development tool – have to be challenged. Research design, approach and method: Random purposive sampling is employed by searching English print media articles containing relevant key words that were published in South African English newspapers between 01 January 2018 and 31 December 2018. The sampling frame was obtained from Sabinet through the University of Pretoria Library SA Media database. A critical discourse analysis is conducted on the final sample of 63 articles. Main findings: The South African media discourse replicates the mainstream entrepreneurship knowledge claims that any and all type of entrepreneurial activity is essentially the same and that anything labelled ‘entrepreneurship’ will lead to economic development and job creation. These knowledge claims have become normalised in the South African discourse. The dominance of this mainstream discourse on entrepreneurship is opening the way for political hegemony in a South African context. Practical/managerial implications: The South African scholarly community has to take up its responsibility as actors of social change and challenge the reigning public discourse in the field of entrepreneurship that is resulting in political hegemony. Contribution/value-add: This article shows that the failure to distinguish between different types of entrepreneurship is providing a fertile ground for political hegemony.

Harald Garcke, Kei Fong Lam, Robert Nürnberg et al.

This work concerns a structural topology optimisation problem for 4D printing based on the phase field approach. The concept of 4D printing as a targeted evolution of 3D printed structures can be realised in a two-step process. One first fabricates a 3D object with multi-material active composites and apply external loads in the programming stage. Then, a change in an environmental stimulus and the removal of loads cause the object deform in the programmed stage. The dynamic transition between the original and deformed shapes is achieved with appropriate applications of the stimulus. The mathematical interest is to find an optimal distribution for the materials such that the 3D printed object achieves a targeted configuration in the programmed stage as best as possible. Casting the problem as a PDE-constrained minimisation problem, we consider a vector-valued order parameter representing the volume fractions of the different materials in the composite as a control variable. We prove the existence of optimal designs and formulate first order necessary conditions for minimisers. Moreover, by suitable asymptotic techniques, we relate our approach to a sharp interface description. Finally, the theoretical results are validated by several numerical simulations both in two and three space dimensions.

Amalia Husna, Rosa Ria Ayu

Parents are the first home and environment for children. Given the importance of the role of the family in children's education, the government issued a policy in Permendikbud No. 30 of 2017 concerning Family Involvement in the Implementation of Education in PAUD units. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the implementation of every policy made. With the implementation evaluation, we can assess how the implementation process has been so far and what needs improvement and maintenance. This research is qualitative research. In this qualitative research, a literature study was conducted by examining various existing literature from print media and the internet. In addition, the research was conducted by evaluating policies with the CIPP evaluation model. The research result showed that Permendikbud No.30 2017 have been implemented on input, process and product contextually and execellent.

Оксана Вікторівна Корнієнко, Оксана Володимирівна Зоренко, Ірина Сергіївна Купалкіна-Лугова et al.

Проведено дослідження якості струминного друку відбитків паковань з переробленого гофрокартону із різним типом структури та обробки поверхневого шару. Проаналізовано та порівняно із еталонними значеннями стандарту ISO 12647 одиничні показники якості: колірні характеристики поверхні гофрокартону в системі CIE Lab, величину колірних відмінностей для основних відтінків тону, оптичну густину, видільну здатність. Встановлено вплив структури гофрованого картону на якість відтворення кольору. Наявний рівень колірних відмінностей (ΔE) становить 10...22 одиниці, перевищує допустимі норми та негативно впливає на відтворення різних відтінків кольору друкованого зображення. Якість відтворення кольору досліджуваних зразків переробленого гофрокартону різниться за величиною розкиду значень колірних спотворень на відтінках тону. Інструментальний контроль якості кольоровідтворення на відбитках паковання з гофрокартону виявив високу якість тонопередачі, насиченість, контраст графічної інформації з добрим відтворенням світлих ділянок та глибоких тіней, пам’ятних кольорів. Результати дослідження дозволять обґрунтовано обирати оптимальну за складом структуру переробленого гофрокартону для друкування паковань з різними репродукційно-графічними показниками, підвищити продуктивність технологічного процесу виготовлення тари та стабілізувати якість друкування на пакованні з переробленого гофрокартону.

D. Nicholas, A. Watkinson, Hamid R. Jamali et al.

C. Mellado, L. Hellmueller, M. Márquez-Ramírez et al.

Ahmed Alharbi, Hai Dong, Xun Yi et al.

Social media have been growing rapidly and become essential elements of many people's lives. Meanwhile, social media have also come to be a popular source for identity deception. Many social media identity deception cases have arisen over the past few years. Recent studies have been conducted to prevent and detect identity deception. This survey analyses various identity deception attacks, which can be categorized into fake profile, identity theft and identity cloning. This survey provides a detailed review of social media identity deception detection techniques. It also identifies primary research challenges and issues in the existing detection techniques. This article is expected to benefit both researchers and social media providers.

Mehran Abbasi Shirsavar, Mehrnoosh Taghavimehr, Lionel J. Ouedraogo et al.

Electrohydrodynamic-jet (e-jet) printing technique enables the high-resolution printing of complex soft electronic devices. As such, it has an unmatched potential for becoming the conventional technique for printing soft electronic devices. In this study, the electrical conductivity of the e-jet printed circuits was studied as a function of key printing parameters (nozzle speed, ink flow rate, and voltage). The collected experimental dataset was then used to train a machine learning algorithm to establish models capable of predicting the characteristics of the printed circuits in real-time. Precision parameters were compared to evaluate the supervised classification models. Since decision tree methods could not increase the accuracy higher than 71%, more advanced algorithms are performed on our dataset to improve the precision of model. According to F-measure values, the K-NN model (k=10) and random forest are the best methods to classify the conductivity of electrodes. The highest accuracy of AdaBoost ensemble learning has resulted in the range of 10-15 trees (87%).

Jean-Philippe Cointet, Dominique Cardon, Andreï Mogoutov et al.

This study provides a large-scale mapping of the French media space using digital methods to estimate political polarization and to study information circuits. We collect data about the production and circulation of online news stories in France over the course of one year, adopting a multi-layer perspective on the media ecosystem. We source our data from websites, Twitter and Facebook. We also identify a certain number of important structural features. A stochastic block model of the hyperlinks structure shows the systematic rejection of counter-informational press in a separate cluster which hardly receives any attention from the mainstream media. Counter-informational sub-spaces are also peripheral on the consumption side. We measure their respective audiences on Twitter and Facebook and do not observe a large discrepancy between both social networks, with counter-information space, far right and far left media gathering limited audiences. Finally, we also measure the ideological distribution of news stories using Twitter data, which also suggests that the French media landscape is quite balanced. We therefore conclude that the French media ecosystem does not suffer from the same level of polarization as the US media ecosystem. The comparison with the American situation also allows us to consolidate a result from studies on disinformation: the polarization of the journalistic space and the circulation of fake news are phenomena that only become more widespread when dominant and influential actors in the political or journalistic space spread topics and dubious content originally circulating in the fringe of the information space.