Hasil untuk "Oriental languages and literatures"

Fatima Modaf Al-Harthy

This paper investigated the syntactic, semantic, and functional behavior of phasal verbs in Bisha Colloquial Arabic (BCA)—a southern Saudi dialect that has received limited formal description in modern linguistic research. Phasal verbs, or aspectual predicates, denote the temporal stages of an event—its inception, continuation, or termination. The present study applies Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) to describe how Bisha Arabic encodes these aspectual meanings through specific lexical verbs and complement structures. Based on an analyzed dataset and corroborated by native speaker judgments, the study identified and analyzed core phasal verbs: bada ‘begin’, ʕād ‘resume’, istamar ‘continue’, waqaf ‘stop’, xallaṣ ‘finish’, and ʔinḥā ‘end’. The analysis revealed that Bisha Arabic phasal verbs form a cohesive subclass of semi-auxiliary predicates selecting non-finite imperfective complements that share their subject with the matrix clause—modeled formally as XCOMP structures in LFG. The verbs bada, ʕād, and istamar display raising-like properties, while waqaf, xallaṣ, and ʔinḥā exhibit control-like behavior. These findings align Bisha Arabic with general Arabic aspectual typology yet highlight dialectal innovations, particularly in verbs such as rajʕ (‘return/resume’), baʕad (‘still/continue’), and ʕawad (‘resume again’), which have developed new grammaticalized phasal meanings. Through a detailed LFG analysis, including c-structure and f-structure diagrams, this paper demonstrates that phasal verbs in Bisha Arabic encode event phases through a functionally governed syntactic strategy. The results contribute to broader typological and theoretical debates concerning the representation of aspect and the auxiliaryhood continuum in Arabic dialectology.

Sulthan Rafid, Hamdiah Hamdiah, Fadhilah Fadhilah

The purpose of this research is to find out the application of imlak manzur using projector media can improve students' writing skills. The research method used by the researcher is experimental research. To collect data, researchers conducted pre-test, post-test. The research population is all students at MIN 8 Aceh Barat Daya while the sample in this study is grade 5 students, totaling 30 students. The research results obtained in this thesis, namely the results of the paired sample T-test -18.660 (sig<0.05) and the results of the independent sample T-test 0.489 (sig>0.05) at the significance level (Sig) (0.05> 0.00) and this shows that the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted.

جميلة بنت سعيد بن علي القحطاني

يهدف هذا البحث إلى الكشف عن السياقات البلاغية الجمالية (للمكان)، في البيان النبوي، وبيان بلاغتها في ظل وجود هذه السياقات، وإلى بيان الدلالات البلاغية التي تكمن وراء التعبير بالمكان، وتكشف عن سر إتقانها في سنن الترمذي، ويتكون من مقدمة وتمهيد وأربعة محاور، تطرق المحور الأول إلى بلاغة التعبير بالمكان في سياق تحديد أماكن العبادة. وناقش المحور الثاني بلاغة التعبير بالجنة في سياق الترغيب بالعبادات. وركز المحور الثالث إلى بلاغة التعبير بالنار وجهنم في سياق الترغيب في العبادات، وفي سياق العذاب. وعمل المحور الرابع على دراسة بلاغة التعبير بالأماكن في سياق بيان أنواع العذاب في النار، وأنواع النعيم في الجنة. وتوصل البحث إلى أن الجمال لا يقتصر على ما هو جميل وحسن فحسب، بل يتعدى ذلك ويشمل ما هو قبيح، فالأثر الذي تتركه النار في النفس أثر إيجابي فهي تحث على الابتعاد عما نُهي عنه، إذ إن المخاطب يستفيد ويكون لها أثر غير سلبي عليه. ودقة النسق وحسن الترتيب في الحديث النبوي أبرز جمالية المكان فمرة يبدأ به، ومرة يختم به، ومرة يبني عليه الحدث حسب السياق والغرض. وأن من جماليات المكان وصف مكان داخل مكان فيتمثل المشهد وكأنه حي أمام المتلقي، مما يستثير حواسه ويؤثر فيه.

Rima N. Suleimanova

Introduction. The article deals with activities of institutes of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences evacuated to Bashkiria in 1941–1943. Goals. The article aims at revealing functioning features of Ukrainian scientific institutions, their research efforts, and academic results in the mentioned period. Materials and methods. The work focuses on archival documents and published sources. The principles of historicism, objectivity and scholarship proved key to analyses of sources, evaluations of events and phenomena. The study employs a variety of research methods, such as the comparative historical, chronological, retrospective, logical ones, etc. Results. The insights into archival documents and published sources depict academic institutions of the Ukrainian SSR during their WWII evacuation in the Bashkir ASSR, outline features of their research activities and actual impacts in military and economic endeavors. The period introduced cardinal changes not only in the scope of their work but also influenced the shaping of new scientific directions. Despite the extreme wartime conditions, the researchers were striving to implement research tasks that had been determined in Ukraine. They were conducting scientific research, undertaking expeditionary trips to rural Bashkiria further to be further described in published papers. They also joined efforts with Bashkir scientists to examine various problems of the autonomous Republic, thus not only continuing research and exploration work but also taking an active part in pursuing the assigned responsible missions. Conclusions. In the years under review, the stay of institutes and scientists of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Bashkiria became a most fruitful and productive period, which is evidenced by the scope of published scientific works. Joint efforts with scientists of the Republic and other evacuated Soviet scientific institutions and universities proved an excellent school for them to gain experiences, resulted in the emergence of new research areas, and the expansion of scientific and industrial ties.

Hasmik Hmayakyan

Jaroslava Obrtelová

The present study of language contact between the Tajik (West-Iranian) and Wakhi (East-Iranian) languages spoken in Tajikistan has been undertaken from a synchronic perspective. Specific manifestations of the language contact are studied within the context of the current sociolinguistic situation of the endangered minority Wakhi language and in relation to code-switching, diglossia and borrowing. Tajik-Wakhi contact is understood as unidirectional; i.e., Wakhi is influenced by the majority and official Tajik language, but Tajik is not influenced in return. The study focuses on describing the contact-induced phenomena occurring on the level of morphosyntax, clause-combining and discourse. The phenomena addressed in the article are the use of the ezafe linking particle -i, the use of the Tajik plural endings -o/-on, the adversative conjunction am(m)o, the use of the borrowed subordinator ki, co-occurrence of the borrowed ki and agar with the native subordinator cǝ, and finally, interference of the Tajik verb system with the native Wakhi verb system in narration.

Mahfuz Rizqi Mubarak, Noor Amalina Audina, Nurul Wahdah et al.

Changes in the offline learning system to online learning have an effect on the demotivation of students to learn. However, this fact does not affect an elderly Indonesian male. This study aims to explore motivational factors for these elderly men in participating in an online Arabic learning program organized by an informal institution in Indonesia. A narrative research design was used in this study. The data was extracted through in-depth interviews. The results showed that there were several factors that influenced the motivation to learn Arabic online from elderly men, namely: Motivation to understand Al-Qur'an, motivation from friends, and presentation of interesting Arabic material. These findings suggest further research on the motivation to learn Arabic online by involving elderly participants of various genders.

M. Watt, M. Rodinson, D. Macdonald

A. Savchenko, M. S. Khmelevskii

Given article presents an overview and analysis of the facts of the crossing of the Slavic, Oriental and European cultures in the very center of the Balkan Peninsula, as well as the connection of the Orthodox, Catholic and Muslim (Islamic) worlds and mentality in the historical retrospective of Bosnia and Herzegovina, its culture, ethnography and language. Special attention is paid to the specific moments of modern political life, socio-demographic problems, as well as to the peculiarities of the national mentality, traditions and customs of different peoples (formed as a result of confessional differences), living on the territory of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina. On this basis we try to present the specifics and uniqueness of this region: on the one hand, the Slavonic one, and on the other, not being such in the traditional and direct meaning of this word. Along with these questions, stereotyped views of the peoples of the former Yugoslavia on the Muslim part of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, their actual implementation in contemporary culture, literature and language, as well as their transformation as a result of the crucial political events of the 1990s, are also considered. In the article it is concluded for the first time that apart from the notions Slavia Orthodoxa and Slavia Romana, traditionally accepted in the science about the Slavs, from the XVI century, the third world - Slavia Muslim with its mentality, culture, religion and language has started to form in the Balkans.

Attila Paládi-Kovács

At the University of Budapest at the end of the 18th century it was Dániel Cornides (1732–1787) who dealt with issues of Hungarian ancient religion, while András Dugonics (1740–1818) paid attention to various aspects of Hungarian folk poetry (tales, idiomatic phrases, proverbs) and folk customs in his lectures.  Descriptive statistics, reports of the state of affairs in various regions and ethnic groups within the country documented the ethnographic character of these areas and groups in the first half of the 19th century.  In the second half of the century professors of Hungarian literature and language investigated and discussed these topics with a comparative European perspective at universities. Ethnographic and folklore-related knowledge was disseminated by excellent professors of classical philology and oriental studies. Professors of geography (János Hunfalvy, Lajos Lóczy) played a crucial role in providing information about faraway peoples and continents at the University of Budapest. The first associate professor (Privatdozent) in ethnography was Antal Herrmann at the University of Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca, now Romania) in 1898. He delivered his lectures until 1918 in Kolozsvár, and between 1921 and 1926 in Szeged where the University of Cluj was relocated to. The first university department for ethnographic and folklore studies was established at the University of Szeged, where Sándor Solymossy, a scholar of comparative folkloristics, became professor.  At the University of Budapest the first department for ethnography and folklore studies was founded for professor István Györffy, who primarily studied material culture and the people of the Great Hungarian Plain.  His successors were Károly Viski (1942), then folklorist Gyula Ortutay (1946). In 1951 at the University of Budapest another department came into being for István Tálasi who was a scholar of  material culture studies and historical ethnography. The head of the ethnography and folklore department of the Hungarian University of Kolozsvár (Klausenburg, Cluj) was Károly Viski in 1940–1941, and Béla Gunda between 1943 and 1948.  At the University of Debrecen established in 1912  a number of associate professors held ethnographic and folklore lectures between 1925 and 1949 (István Ecsedi, Károly Bartha N., Tibor Mendöl, Gábor Lükő), but an autonomous department was established only in 1949, led by Béla Gunda until 1979. At the University of Szeged Sándor Bálint was appointed professor of ethnography and folklore studies in 1949, but only after 1990 became it possible to provide M. A. degrees in ethnography and folkloristics. M.A. degrees in ethnography and folkloristics have been provided at the University of Budapest since 1950, while at the University of Debrecen since 1959.

Bair Ts. Gomboev

Introduction. In Buddhist religious practice, Wutaishan as a symbol of the five sacred mountains of China has long enjoyed fame among pilgrims as a holiest place in East and Central Asia subsequent to Lhasa (Tibet). The article considers the sacred objects of Wutaishan and features of veneration of Buddhist objects by pilgrims (including representatives of Mongolic peoples). Goals. The work focuses on contemporary local forms of Buddhist worship observed during visits to religious sites of Wutaishan, and identifies the general and specific features of such practices. Materials and Methods. The paper primarily analyzes the author’s field materials collected in the course of his 2019 journey to the Wutaishan Buddhist religious and pilgrimage center (Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China). The comparative analysis conducted involves traditional religious ideas of Mongolic peoples and the Buryats proper. The work employs the descriptive method, historicalcomparative analysis, and the method of participant observation. Results. Nowadays, the opening of borders has resulted in that various objects — including religious ones, and particularly special places of worship — have become available for visits and inspections by representatives of traditional religious practices. According to the Buryat cultural and historical traditions, such places include sacred objects both in the territory of ethnic Buryatia (e.g., Olkhon Island and Mount Alkhanay), and in neighboring states (Gandantegchinlen Monastery in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; Lhasa and Wutaishan in China, etc.). The primary study reveals certain historical ties between the sacred mountains of Wutaishan and other sacred sites in East and North Asia, and their religious-mythological parallels. The religious tradition says these objects (especially from the Yuan era onwards) have had great impacts on the development of Buddhism in the context of Mongolic ethnocultural traditions.

Lalu Supriadi Bin Mujib

This study examines new media in facing the challenges of cyber terrorism. The study aims to explore: the relationship between terrorism and the media, the reasons leading to the terrorist action, the media's duplication in its dissemination of terrorism news, the role of the National Counter-Terrorism Authority (BNPT), and media strategies in countering of terrorism. The research relies on the descriptive analytical approach, which is based on the literatur review of data collection. That deals with the issue of terrorism, then monitors information on contemporary media, then searches for media policies and strategies to counter terrorism. The results of the research found that the media and terrorism each work to achieve both their interests, because terrorism plans and exploits the media to achieve their goals and at the same time the media benefits from the operations committed by the terrorist group to display them in the newscasts to attract the attention of the public. There are several reasons that led to the emergence of the terrorist idea or terrorist process, namely social deprivation, the absence of social justice, the penetration of the scales of justice in economic exchange, the exploitation of the goods of disadvantaged peoples, the restriction of freedoms and support of totalitarian regimes, the spread of racist engagement and the phenomena of Islamophobia, and distorted understanding of religion. There has been a great debate among the media people themselves in publishing news that pertains to terrorist operations, between those who see them being published to demonstrate their brutality and alienating people from their owners, and those who see reservations about their publication, although many tend to refrain from publishing in the interest of that, which is relying on Islamic values that Terrorist atrocities are not likely to be spread among the general public pursuant to the general Islamic guidance, not to spread badness among the people.

Fatemeh Irandoost, Maryam Jalaei, Ali Najafi Ivaki

New educational approaches focus on the attention on teaching and application of appropriate methods as well as improving the quality of educational tools such as textbooks. In this regard, the education experts recommend the necessity of validation and the effective factors on educational activities based on valid and scientific theories. The purpose of the present study, "analyzing the comprehension exercises in Arabic textbooks of junior high school in Iran's school using Barrett’s classification (1976)", is based on analytic-descriptive method. In the present research the researchers apply reviewing, including different levels of this theory i.e. literal comprehension, reorganization, inferential comprehension, evaluation and appreciation (understanding) and then classify the questions of exercises according to frequency and percentage. The  Kruskal-Wallis Test has been used to compare the Arabic textbooks to see whether there is a significant difference in the field of comprehension questions among  them or not. Also the mono variable Test has been used to find out if there is a significant difference between the number of comprehension questions with its different levels (according to Barrett’s classification) in Arabic text books of junior high school. In this research, the statistical population and sample coincide and include 126 exercises which come after the texts in the Arabic textbooks in curriculum year (1398-99/ 2019-2020). The results of this analysis illustrate that the authors of these books mostly concentrate on the lowest level of comprehension questions namely literal comprehension. This negligence causes the students’ weakness in critic and analytic thinking skill and these exercises do not help the students’ progress and promotion.

Mamarasulova Gulnoz Abdulkasimovna, Mamarasulova Mukaddas Abdulkosim kizi

In the eighteenth century, English interest in exploring the Eastern world had increased tremendously. Orientalism was recognized as a cultural phenomenon and it had a great influence on architecture, gardening, art and literature too. As for the poets and writers, the oriental environment created a different mood and new modes of expression that inspired them to compose works with the eastern motifs. The main contribution of Orientalism to English literature was a distraction of the poets’ mind from outdated ideas and filling it with fresh views. And the translation of the Arabian tales One Thousand and One Nights created a new atmosphere in England and inspired many writers to compose Oriental works. This article researches the role of Orient in the early English Romantic literature and writers’ enthusiasm to create an extraordinary eastern world and motifs in their works. By examining these historically important researches, I clarify that how the concept of Orientalism appeared in English literature and its contribution to the formation of poetry and language.

Жахонгир Турдиев

ABSTRACT  This article analyzes from a scientific point of view the Turkic translation of Mirajnama, one of the works devoted to the history of Miraj. Miraj is one of the most famous events in the history of Islam and one of the most important themes in classical oriental literature. In literature, the word "Isra" is used together with the word "Meroj". "Isra" means that the transfer of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) by the will of Allah from the Al-Haram Mosque in Mecca to the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem during one part of the night. "Meraj" is the ascension of the last Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) from Jerusalem to heaven to Allah. The works dedicated to this event are called "Mirajnama". Such works were originally created in Arabic literature. Later in Persian and Turkic literature, Mirajnama was formed as an independent work. Turkic translations of this work also began to appear. Our scientific article also examines the textual study of the work "Mirajnama", translated into the Turkic language.

P. Oksana N.

The article is devoted to the history of Mongolian studies in the USSR during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. This research is based on the correspondence of the leading Russian specialists in Mongolian studies of the early 20th century N. N. Poppe and V. L. Kotvich, who successfully continued their research work in the 1920s–1940s. The paper makes reference to letters from the Polish Academy of Learning (Krakow) that contain aims of Soviet Mongolian studies, a work plan for 1941 and the scientific results of Mongolian cabinet of the USSR Institute of Oriental studies of the Academy of Sciences in the 1930s. It also focuses on memoirs by Lydia Leonidovna Viktorova published in 2003 as an important source for studying the activities and personal qualities of the Orientalists of the stated period. Lydia Leonidovna was a participant of the Great Patriotic War (an interpreter ‒ 1943–1944), a lecturer of Mongolian Philology Department and the Faculty of Oriental Studies at Leningrad State University (since 1956). She was a student of that faculty during the war (1945–1948) and in the first post-war years (1945–1948). The analysis of the correspondence makes it possible to conclude that the evacuated Institute of Oriental Studies continued its work in Tashkent, focusing mainly on the requirements put forward by the war. Mongolian studies were given renewed momentum in Buryat-Mongolian Research Institute of Language, Literature and History, Buryat-Mongolian Pedagogical Institute in Ulan-Ude, as well as in Irkutsk State University. As a result of evacuation and reorganization of the country’s central universities during the Great Patriotic War, leading orientalists, specialists in history and linguistics came to work in the national republics of the USSR and Siberia. The article reflects the wartime activity of such specialists in Mongolian studies as S. A. Kozin, T. A. Burdukova, K. M. Cheremisov, G. N. Rumyantsev, N. P. Shastina, D. D. Amogolonov, D. A. Abasheev and others. Keywords: Mongolian studies in the USSR, Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad State University, Buryat-Mongolian Pedagogical Institute, Buryat-Mongolian Research Institute of Language, Literature and History, the Great Patriotic War

Giuseppina Silvestri

Italo-Romance varieties display a typologically rare strategy to realize the unconditional (or free-choice) free relative clauses, i.e. the reduplication of the verb complex. The semantic entailment of unconditionality is not conveyed through the lexicalization of a morpheme corresponding to -ever. Also, the modal force of the semantic operator does not match the selection of the subjunctive morphology, which is not available in most Italian dialects. The ItaloRomance varieties of our sample resort to structural reduplication as the only strategy to express the unconditionality requirement of this type of free relative clauses. In this contribution, I compare unconditionals across Italian dialects and other Romance varieties on the basis of their morphosyntactic properties. In the analysis of the reduplication structure I link the derivation of unconditional free relatives with the semantic and syntactic aspects of free-choice indefinite pronouns. I finally propose a unifying formal account of two types of reduplication configurations, both corresponding to unconditional free relatives, both available across Italo-Romance.

V. V. Kukanova, V. M. Trofimov

On the material of the Kalmyk language with reference to the Khalkha Mongolian, the Buryat languages and old Mongolian script, the article considers a thematic group of floral vocabulary to identify the Turkic-Mongolian parallels. The names of trees and shrubs both wild and cultivated, the names of melons and gourds as well as truck crops, cereals and herbs were taken for the analysis. To prove the fact that the Turkic parallel was of the Turkic nature, the authors referred to the Ancient Turkic Dictionary and the dictionaries of the Kazakh, Nogai, Bashkir languages (the languages of Kalmyks’ nearest neighbors who had contacted with them). In addition to the comparative material from the Mongolian and Turkic languages these terms were also accompanied by comparative-historical as well as etymological analyses which revealed the Turkic origin of the Turkic Mongolian parallels in the composition of the floral vocabulary of the Kalmyk language. Some of the given terms, as it was revealed, along with the Kalmyk language, exist also in the Khalkha Mongolian and Buryat languages and were even recorded in the old Mongolian script. It suggests that these terms have been stored in the Kalmyk language since the time of the ancestors of Kalmyks - Oirats, who lived in the steppes of Central Asia with the Mongols and had contact with the ancient Turks, from whom they borrowed the terms. Many of the floristic terms are presented only in the Kalmyk language and coincide with those of the Kazakh, Nogai, Tatar and Bashkir languages, which had been borrowed by the Kalmyks from these languages as a result of later contacts.

S. G. Batyreva

The article is devoted to the cultural analysis of the tradition in the study of fine arts of Buddhism. The subject of the research are Buddhist artifacts from the collection of the Kiev Museum of Western and Oriental Art named after B. and B. Khanenko which are considered as a cultural heritage of Kalmykia. It was formed during the interaction of tradition and innovation. The art shows historical destiny of the iconographic canon in the artistic culture of Northern Buddhism. Traditional psychogenetic particular worldview, ceremonial culture and folklore are projected in the iconography, defining “local” nature of art. The analysis of the Kalmyk artistic tradition revealed visible local features of graphic images of iconographic interpretation. Selectivity of pantheon deities observed in particular images of Kiev collection is explained by the history of the people who lived beyond the bounds of their ethnic homeland. It is a local variant of the Central Asian pantheon, where archaic traces of nomadic mythology preserved in a different cultural environment can be found.  Inscriptions in Old Kalmyk todo bichig script (usually on the left border of the painting) and in Cyrillic script with yat on the lower edge of the images of Amitābha Buddha, Green Tārā Bodhisattva and Bhaisajyaguru Buddha are the specific features of the described religious paintings. Vertical ligatured todo bichig script (Kalmyk: Амидава, Отчи бурхн, Ноhан дәрк) written in ink faded to pale brown is the indisputable defining feature of Kalmyk painting. Kalmyk art developed gradually both in separate formal details of paintings and in general aesthetic interpretation of images. Canonization of deities involves introduction of border scenes, symbolic attributes and accented symmetrical front compositions into the painting. On the whole, concise symmetrical scenes with unelaborated plot which tend to emphasize main image’s personification that is the center of a religious painting and believers’ direct object of worship prevail in Old Kalmyk art.