Hasil untuk "Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases"

S. Seshadri, A. Beiser, J. Selhub et al.

Yun-Zhong Fang, Sheng Yang, Guoyao Wu

C. Noulas, M. Tziouvalekas, T. Karyotis

A basic knowledge of the dynamics of zinc (Zn) in soils, water and plants are important steps in achieving sustainable solutions to the problem of Zn deficiency in crops and humans. This paper aims at reviewing and discussing the relevant aspects of the role of Zn in the soil-water-plant agro biological system: from the origins of Zn in soils and water to soil Zn deficiency distribution and the factors affecting soil Zn availability to plants, therefore to elucidate the strategies potentially help combating Zn deficiency problems in soil-plant-human continuum. This necessitates identifying the main areas of Zn-deficient soils and food crops and treating them with Zn amendments, mainly fertilizers in order to increase Zn uptake and Zn use efficiency to crops. In surface and groundwater, Zn enters the environment from various sources but predominately from the erosion of soil particles containing Zn. In plants is involved in several key physiological functions (membrane structure, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and drought and disease tolerance) and is required in small but nevertheless critical contents. Several high revenue food crops such as beans, citrus, corn, rice etc are highly susceptible to Zn deficiency and biofortification is considered as a promising method to accumulate high content of Zn especially in grains. With the world population continuing to rise and the problems of producing extra food rich in Zn to provide an adequate standard of nutrition to increase, it is very important that any losses in production easily corrected so as Zn deficiencies are prevented.

G. Vici, L. Belli, M. Biondi et al.

C. Golden, ©. WorldFish, S. Myers et al.

Zhao-Xuan Lu, Bing-Qing Dong, Liang Chen et al.

Abstract Background Glycolipid dysregulation is a core driver of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), yet its role as an integrated network in CMM pathogenesis remains unexplored. Objective To explore the association between individual differential glycolipid covariance networks (IDGCNs)—pairwise glycolipid correlation matrix from six glycolipid biomarkers—and incident CMM. Methods We utilized 9-year longitudinal data (2011–2020) from 12,267 middle-aged and older Chinese adults. IDGCNs were constructed from six glycolipid biomarkers-fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-and quantified as 6 × 6 partial-correlation matrices, with 15 off-diagonal elements transformed into feature vectors. K-means clustering (k = 3) identified network phenotypes. Fine-Gray subdistribution hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for incident CMM across clusters. The effects of glycolipid-coupling mixtures were evaluated using quantile-based g-computation. The incremental predictive utility was assessed using the C-statistic, net reclassification improvement, integrated discrimination improvement, and likelihood-ratio test. Results During a median follow-up of 9 years, 2,040 participants developed CMM. Relative to the normal group, multivariable-adjusted HRs (95%CI) for incident CMM escalated across clusters: Cluster 1 = 2.321 (1.400–3.850), Cluster 2 = 5.385 (3.155–9.192), and Cluster 3 = 5.845 (3.027–11.284). HDL-related couplings were protective, while glucose–LDL coupling was deleterious factors. The addition of the glycolipid-coupling mixture to conventional risk factors improved predictive metrics significantly. Conclusions Glycolipid network topology independently predicts incident CMM, supporting a shift from single-biomarker thresholds to network-based risk phenotyping.

José R. Verde-Calvo, Héctor Bernardo Escalona-Buendía, Araceli Arellano-Covarrubias et al.

Beer is an alcoholic beverage made primarily from malted cereals, water, hops, and yeast. Although barley is the most common cereal in brewing, corn malts are also used to produce beer in different countries. However, research on their production, physicochemical properties, and aging evolution is limited. In the present study, the evolution of various physicochemical features during the aging of six lager- and ale-fermented corn beers was investigated. Results after 18 months of aging showed decreases in most of the measured properties: total phenolics between 16 and 20%, antioxidant capacity between 17 and 23% by DPPH assay and 23–41% by ABTS assay, free anthocyanins between 38 and 55%, bitterness units between 32 and 42%, and SRM color and color intensity only dropped in lager beers, while in ale beers these properties increased. Finally, tonality increased in lager beers and one ale beer. This study enabled a more in-depth analysis of corn beer, focusing on the evolution of physicochemical properties during aging that are relevant to beer quality.

Virginie Hamel, Sara Desmarais, Sharon Kirkpatrick et al.

Abstract Objective: The Canadian Ultra-Processed Product Screener (CUPS) was developed to rapidly assess ultra-processed food (UPF) and drink product intake among Canadian adults. The CUPS is an online self-administered screener that includes twenty-eight questions and assesses the intake of a variety of UPF available in Canada, both in French and English. This study aimed to assess the construct validity and reliability of the CUPS among a sample of adults in Canada. Design: Cross-sectional study (between July and November 2023). Settings: Participants completed the online CUPS screener in three versions (1-d (twice), 7-d and 30-d CUPS) and three 24-h dietary recalls (24HR) (the reference measure) over the course of 26–28 d. Participants: 354 Canadians aged 18–60 years Results: The CUPS had an acceptable construct validity, with moderate correlation coefficients between the CUPS score and UPF consumption level measured using multiple 24HR (from 0·33 to 0·44). Reproducibility was also acceptable (intraclass correlation = 0·61) and internal consistency ranged from good to excellent (Cronbach’s α = 0·72 for the 1-d and 0·86 for the 30-d CUPS). CUPS scores were also associated with higher intake of added sugars, saturated fats and Na. Conclusions: This study provides evidence supporting the construct validity and reliability of the CUPS among Canadian adults. The CUPS is useful for identifying low and high consumers of UPF and could serve as a proxy measure for one key dimension of diet quality, which is the type of food processing.

Daniel A. Nuccio, Angela Grippo, Pallavi Singh

The microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) has garnered considerable attention for its role in health, disease, and higher psychological processes. One area of particular importance is the relationship between the MGBA and stress. Although numerous animal models are suitable for research on stress, the number suitable for research on the impact of social stressors with translatability to humans is limited. The prairie vole is regarded as an ideal organism for probing the impact of social stress, as these animals not only exhibit social behaviours rare in mammals but also lack many drawbacks that come with using non-human primates. Moreover, the neurophysiological basis of their social behaviours is well characterized, and numerous studies have examined the impact of social stress, particularly social isolation, on these animals. However, only a limited number of studies have examined the prairie vole gastrointestinal system, intestinal microbiome, or MGBA. Consequently, this leaves ample opportunity for future research. In this review article, we summarize basic aspects of prairie vole ecology, behaviour, and neurophysiology, then review the limited but valuable body of research examining the gastrointestinal system and microbiome of prairie voles. Additionally, we note potential challenges and opportunities for future MGBA research utilizing prairie voles.

J. Vormann

Kannan Sridharan

Background: Metformin and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are independently associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Despite frequent co-prescription, particularly in diabetics with gastroesophageal disorders, evidence regarding the combined risk of these medications on vitamin B12 deficiency remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world risk of vitamin B12 deficiency associated with metformin, PPIs, and their combinations using the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (USFDA AERS) database. Methods: We conducted a disproportionality analysis using USFDA AERS data from 2004 to 2024. We assessed whether metformin, PPIs, or their combinations were reported more often than expected with vitamin B12 deficiency and evaluated associated clinical outcomes, such as hospitalization and life-threatening events. Results: Among 29,661,136 reports, 552 met inclusion criteria, with metformin monotherapy accounting for 274 cases. Positive safety signals were detected for both metformin and all PPIs individually. While statistical interaction measures were not conclusive, patients on metformin–pantoprazole combination therapy experienced significantly higher rates of hospitalization and life-threatening events compared to those on pantoprazole alone. Conclusions: These findings suggest that patients receiving metformin and PPIs together, particularly the elderly, may face a higher risk of serious vitamin B12 deficiency-related complications. Clinicians should consider closer monitoring of vitamin B12 levels and supplementation when needed in patients on combination therapy.

Hrishikesh Chakraborty, Qi Sun, Shilpa N Bhupathiraju et al.

Diet is a complex exposure that affects health across the lifespan. Objective biomarkers that can reliably reflect intake of nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns with sufficient accuracy are an important tool for assessing associations of diet with health outcomes. Advances in metabolomics, coupled with feeding trials and high-dimensional bioinformatics analyses, pave the way for discovering compounds that can serve as sensitive and specific biomarkers of dietary exposures. The Dietary Biomarkers Development Consortium (DBDC) is leading the first major effort to improve dietary assessment through the discovery and validation of biomarkers for foods commonly consumed in the United States diet. To achieve this goal, a 3-phase approach will be implemented to identify, evaluate, and validate food biomarkers. In phase 1, 3 controlled feeding trial designs will be implemented by administering test foods in prespecified amounts to healthy participants, followed by metabolomic profiling of blood and urine specimens collected during the feeding trials to identify candidate compounds. Data from these studies will characterize the pharmacokinetic parameters of candidate biomarkers associated with specific foods. In phase 2, the ability of candidate biomarkers to identify individuals eating the biomarker-associated foods will be evaluated using controlled feeding studies of various dietary patterns. In phase 3, the validity of candidate biomarkers to predict recent and habitual consumption of specific test foods will be evaluated in independent observational settings. Data generated during all study phases will be archived in a publicly accessible database as a resource for the research community. The DBDC aims to significantly expand the list of validated biomarkers of intake for foods consumed in the United States diet, which can help advance understanding of how diet influences human health. This manuscript discusses the DBDC’s organizational infrastructure, study design, laboratory methods, and strategies for dietary biomarker discovery and validation. Trial registration number: This trial was registered at Phase 1 Seattle Dietary Biomarkers Development Center (P1-SDBDC) as NCT05580653, at Fruit and Vegetable Biomarker Discovery (UCD-DBDC) as NCT05621863, and at Dietary Biomarkers Intervention Core as NCT05616585.

Yingxuan Huang, Yisen Huang, Boming Xu et al.

Abstract Objective Obesity is linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis, and diet is a key determinant influencing the gut microbiome. This study examined the association between a newly proposed Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) and obesity in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2020. Methods A total of 41,159 adults aged ≥ 20 years were included, with 15,327 individuals classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) and 25,832 as living without obesity. DI-GM comprises 13 components deemed either beneficial or unfavorable to the gut microbiome, yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 13. Weighted logistic regression assessed the relationship between DI-GM (continuous and categorical) and obesity, adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors plus comorbidities. Restricted cubic spline, stratified analyses, multiple imputation, and propensity score matching were also performed. Results Participants with obesity had a significantly lower mean DI-GM score than those without obesity (4.32 vs. 4.65, P < 0.001). Each 1-point increase in DI-GM was associated with 13% lower obesity odds (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.85–0.88) in the crude model, remaining robust (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) after full adjustment. Higher DI-GM scores were linearly linked to lower odds of obesity, supported by multiple imputation and propensity score matching (P < 0.001). Conclusion In this nationally representative U.S. population, a more microbiota-oriented diet, as proxied by higher DI-GM scores, was independently associated with lower odds of obesity. Prospective and randomized trials are warranted to verify causality and investigate underlying mechanisms.

J. Hunt

Abhishek Pathak, Varun Asediya, Pranav Anjaria et al.

Sage V. McGarry, Liu Yu, Dina Cruickshank et al.

Immune cells express Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) to recognize potentially pathogenic microbial forms. Nutraceutical compounds can induce immune cell activation through PRRs. The nutraceutical immune blend (IB), QuickStart™, contains botanical and yeast-derived ligands for PRRs, along with vitamin C and zinc. We evaluated immune-activating effects of the IB and its ingredients in vitro. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated with either the IB or single ingredients: elderberry extract, the proprietary <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> fermentate EpiCor™ (Sacc), the plant-based hemicellulose preparation Natramune (PDS-2865)™ (Hemi), vitamin C (VitC), or zinc gluconate (Zinc). The IB triggered sequential waves of immune activation. Initial cytokine induction by the IB at 2 h involved the immune-activating cytokines IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1α, and TNF-α, and the stem cell-mobilizing growth factor G-CSF, as did Sacc and Hemi. The 24 h immune-activation by the IB included increases in IL-1β, IL-17A, IP-10, GM-CSF, Basis FGF, PDGF-BB, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Increased CD69 expression by the IB was also seen for VitC and Sacc. Increased CD25 expression by the IB on monocytes was also seen for Sacc. The IB triggered rapid immune activating events of higher magnitude than the single ingredients, involving immune-activating cytokines and restorative growth factors. Clinical research is warranted to evaluate rapid immune-modulating events upon consumption.

Acharya Balkrishna, Prashant Katiyar, Sourav Ghosh et al.

Abstract Background Integrated-pathy aims to integrate modern medicine with traditional systems via applying the holistic approach of Ayurveda, Yoga, and natural medicine. This is important for addressing the challenges surrounding the delivery of long-term palliative care for chronic ailments including cancer. The prime intent of this study was to substantiate the underlying hypothesis behind the differential and integrative approach having a positive impact on Quality of Life of cancer patients. Study design Cross-sectional Observational study. Methods A standardized questionnaire was developed and used, after obtaining written informed consent from patients to assess the impact of Integrated-pathy on patients (n = 103) diagnosed with cancer receiving care at Patanjali Yoggram. The research was carried out over 8 months. All participants received a uniform treatment protocol as prescribed by Patanjali. For the sample size determination and validation, α and 1-β was calculated and for the significance of the pre- and post-treatment QoL ratings, Shapiro wilk test and other descriptive statistics techniques were explored. Results A total of 103 patients seeking cancer special-healthcare were interviewed, out of which 39 (37.86%) remained finally based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria with age (25–65 years), types of cancers (Carcinoma and Sarcoma), chemotherapy/radiotherapy received or not, before opting Integrated-pathy. Follow-ups revealed a significant increase in the QoL (17.91%) after receiving the integrated therapy over a course of at least 1 month. Further, a significant reduction in cancer-related pain followed by an increase in QoL index was reported in the patients. Shapiro–wilk test revealed significant pairing (p < 0.001) with validation of the model using test. Conclusions To bolster evidence-based backing for Integrated-pathy, there is a need for clearly delineated clinical indicators that are measurable and trackable over time. Clinical investigators are encouraged to incorporate Integrated-pathy into their proposed interventions and conduct analogous studies to yield sustained advantages in the long run.

María de los Ángeles Sangermano, Martín Francisco Guerrero, Diego Andrés Botta et al.

En este artículo se resumen las recomendaciones generales y específicas para personas con diabetes mellitus (DM) que presenten enfermedades osteoartromusculares. El objetivo fue brindar a los profesionales de la salud herramientas para indicar ejercicio físico seguro, efectivo y adaptado para realizar en la práctica diaria. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, y en sitios web de entidades científicas y libros. Se concluyó que en las personas con DM con enfermedades osteoartromusculares se deben adaptar los ejercicios para evitar mayores lesiones.

Huihui He, Suhang Wang, Tianwei Xu et al.

Abstract Background There is limited longitudinal evidence supporting the association between the hypertriglyceridemic-waist (HTGW) phenotype and hyperuricemia. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between hyperuricemia and the HTGW phenotype among males and females. Methods A total of 5562 hyperuricemia-free participants aged 45 or over from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (mean age: 59.0) were followed for 4 years. The HTGW phenotype was defined as having elevated triglyceride levels and enlarged waist circumference (cutoffs for males: 2.0 mmol/L and 90 cm; females: 1.5 mmol/L and 85 cm). Hyperuricemia was determined by uric acid cutoffs (males: 7 mg/dl; females: 6 mg/dl. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the HTGW phenotype and hyperuricemia. The joint effect of the HTGW phenotype and sex on hyperuricemia was quantified, and the multiplicative interaction was assessed. Results During the four-year follow-up, 549 (9.9%) incident hyperuricemia cases were ascertained. Compared with those with normal levels of triglycerides and waist circumference, participants with the HTGW phenotype had the highest risk of hyperuricemia (OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.95 to 3.66), followed by an OR of 1.96 (95% CI: 1.40 to 2.74) for only higher triglyceride levels and 1.39 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.86) for only greater waist circumference. The association between HTGW and hyperuricemia was more prominent among females (OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.77 to 3.15) than males (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.82 to 2.04), with evidence of a multiplicative interaction (P = 0.006). Conclusions Middle-aged and older females with the HTGW phenotype may at the highest risk of hyperuricemia. Future hyperuricemia prevention interventions should be primarily targeted for females with the HTGW phenotype.

María Elisa Zapata, Gustavo Cediel, Ezequiel Arrieta et al.

Abstract Objective: To assess the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and diet quality among preschool children and women of reproductive age from Argentina. Design: Cross-sectional and nationally representative survey. The food items were classified according to the NOVA system. Consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds and wholegrains was estimated, and the energy and nutrients related to non-communicable disease (NCD) intake. Linear regression was used to assess the associations. Setting: Argentina. Participants: Children aged 2–5 years (n 7022), female adolescent aged 10–19 years (n 2165) and women aged 20–49 years (n 4414). Results: UPF represented more than a quarter of total energy intake, 27 % in children, 31 % in female adolescents and 26 % in women. Across all age groups, the major contributors to UPF consumption were cookies and pastries (about 6·0–7·0 %), soft drinks (about 2·7–3·7 %), candies (about 1·8–4·6 %), and juices (about 1·3–1·7 %). The consumption of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits and legumes was negatively associated with UPF consumption. A significant positive association was found between the dietary share of UPF and the dietary content of NCD-promoting nutrients such as free sugars and total saturated and trans-fats. In contrast, a significant negative association was found with the content of NCD-protective such as fibre and protein. Conclusions: UPF were associated with lower consumption of healthy foods and higher intake of nutrients related to NCD in children and women of reproductive age in Argentina. It is necessary to design food policies that simultaneously reduce the consumption of UPF while promoting the intake of fresh and whole foods to improve the dietary quality.