Hasil untuk "Nursing"

Lin Tan, Jiayue Li, Dingcheng Sun et al.

Natural plant-derived active ingredients have gained increasing attention for their potential in the treatment of depression due to their safety and multi-target pharmacological activities. Saikosaponin A (SSA), a major bioactive saponin extracted from Bupleurum (a medicine and food homologous plant), has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antioxidative properties. In this study, we evaluated the antidepressant-like effects of SSA in a mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. Mice were subjected to CUMS, followed by daily administration of SSA (20 mg/kg, po for 6 weeks). Behavioral tests, including tail suspension test, open field test, elevated plus maze, and marble burying test, indicated that SSA significantly alleviated depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors. Histopathological analysis by H&E staining showed that SSA reduced hippocampal neuronal damage induced by chronic stress. Biochemical assays revealed that SSA normalized levels of neurotransmitters (5-HT, DA, and 5-HIAA), enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, and GSH), and suppressed neuroinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Mechanistically, SSA exerted its antidepressant effects by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulating BDNF expression. In PC12 cells, TLR4 overexpression attenuated SSA’s protective effects, whereas TLR4 silencing enhanced cellular resistance to corticosterone-induced damage. These findings suggest SSA alleviates CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice by modulating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress through the TLR4/NF-κB/BDNF signaling axis, indicating its potential as a functional food-derived therapy for depression.

Addisu Getie, Melaku Bimerew, Mihretie Gedfew et al.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a medical condition caused by neurodegeneration, marked by a gradual decline in neurological, motor, psychological, and cognitive domain functions, as well as daily activities. It primarily affects individuals with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, cancer, epilepsy, dementia, and other chronic illnesses, as well as older adults. While some individual studies have explored the effects of cognitive impairment, there is a lack of nationwide research to provide a comprehensive understanding of its burden among individuals with chronic diseases. Objective: To assess the pooled prevalence of cognitive impairment and its associated factors among individuals with chronic diseases in Ethiopia. Methods: Several databases were examined to find available articles. The data were extracted and sorted in Microsoft Excel before being exported to STATA/MP 17.0 for analysis. A random-effects Der Simonian-Laird model with a 95 % confidence interval was used to pool the data. Cochrane I2 statistics and Egger's test were used to evaluate heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. To determine the cause of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was performed. A log-odds ratio was utilized to illustrate the association between cognitive impairment and its associated factors. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result: This study included 22 individual articles comprising a total of 6818 participants. The overall prevalence of cognitive impairment among individuals with chronic diseases was 44.43 % (95 % CI: 37.76–51.10). Studies conducted in Addis Ababa reported a higher prevalence of 50.89 % (95 % CI: 34.59–67.19). Similarly, research focusing on older adults indicated the highest prevalence, at 57.58 % (95 % CI: 28.78–86.39). Participants who are unable to read and write were 3.82 times more likely to experience cognitive impairment compared to those who had completed primary education (AOR = 3.82; 95 % CI: 2.97–4.91). Conclusion: This review found a high prevalence of cognitive impairment among Ethiopians with chronic diseases, especially in older adults and those in Addis Ababa. Illiteracy significantly increased the risk. These findings highlight the need for targeted cognitive screening and integration of cognitive care into chronic disease management.

Somayeh Attarian, Zhaleh Feyzi, Jamshid Jamali et al.

Background: Given the high rate of cesarean section complications, mothers who have had previous cesarean sections should change their behavior toward delivery. Self-efficacy plays important role in mother's ability to adapt to vaginal birth and reduce tendency to cesarean section.Aim: The current research was conducted with aim to investigate the individual counseling based on Fogg behavior model and its effect on decision self-efficacy and decision conflict to choose vaginal birth after cesarean section.Method: This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 62 pregnant women referred to the comprehensive health centers of Mashhad in 2020. The intervention group received two face-to-face individual counseling sessions based on Fogg’s model every 2 weeks for 45-60 minutes and one virtual session on the Telegram channel. Data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 25) and the statistical tests of Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Fisher exact, independent t and paired t-test. p<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Mean score of Fogg’s model showed a significant difference between the two groups (2.79±0.52 vs. 2.33±0.31). Mean score of decision self-efficacy and decision conflict had a statistically significant difference after the intervention (3.44±0.45 and 1.03±0.33, respectively) compared to before the intervention (2.57±0.97 and 1.44±0.59, respectively) in two groups. The mean score of Fogg’s questionnaire was significantly different between the two groups (p<0.05).Implications for Practice: Counseling based on Fogg model promotes decision self-efficacy and reduces decision conflict in choosing vaginal birth after cesarean section. Maternal health care providers should consider this approach in consultation with previous cesarean section mothers.

Annah Mosalo, Johanna E. Maree

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in South Africa. Treatment is tailored but external beam radiation and brachytherapy with or without concomitant chemotherapy are commonly used. Aim: This study aimed to pilot test a support programme for women receiving curative radiotherapy for cervical cancer. Setting: The Radiation Oncology Department at an academic hospital in the Gauteng province. Methods: An intervention design and pre-test post-test approach was used. The primary outcome was perceived social support and the secondary outcome was quality of life (QoL). Census sampling entered 56 women in the programme but only 15 completed it. The Berlin Social Support Scale (BSSS) and EORTC QOQ-CX24 served as data collection instruments. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data using a completer only approach. Results: The majority of both the pre-intervention (n = 56) and post-intervention (n = 15) groups were older than 40 years (62.5%, n = 35 and 73.4%, n = 11, respectively). Most of the support categories except for ‘support seeking’ showed statistical significant differences before and after the programme. Symptom experience had the highest mean score of the symptoms scales both before and after the programme (M = 50.7 and 41.8, respectively). Conclusion: Positive results were obtained in terms of support, but QoL did not show the same trend. However, it would be feasible to refine the programme and conduct a second pilot test. Contribution: Our study seems to be the first of its kind and illustrates the positive influence a support programme can have on the lives of women receiving radiotherapy for cervical cancer.

Dawn Yi Xin Lee, Chun En Yau, Maeve Pin Pin Pek et al.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a well-established determinant of cardiovascular health. However, the relationship between SES and clinical outcomes in long-term out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is less well-understood. The Singapore Housing Index (SHI) is a validated building-level SES indicator. We investigated whether SES as measured by SHI is associated with long-term OHCA survival in Singapore. Methods: We conducted an open cohort study with linked data from the Singapore Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS), and the Singapore Registry of Births and Deaths (SRBD) from 2010 to 2020. We fitted generalized structural equation models, calculating hazard ratios (HRs) using a Weibull model. We constructed Kaplan–Meier survival curves and calculated the predicted marginal probability for each SHI category. Results: We included 659 cases. In both univariable and multivariable analyses, SHI did not have a significant association with survival. Indirect pathways of SHI mediated through covariates such as Emergency Medical Services (EMS) response time (HR of low-medium, high-medium and high SHI when compared to low SHI: 0.98 (0.88–1.10), 1.01 (0.93–1.11), 1.02 (0.93–1.12) respectively), and age of arrest (HR of low-medium, high-medium and high SHI when compared to low SHI: 1.02 (0.75–1.38), 1.08 (0.84–1.38), 1.18 (0.91–1.54) respectively) had no significant association with OHCA survival. There was no clear trend in the predicted marginal probability of survival among the different SHI categories. Conclusions: We did not find a significant association between SES and OHCA survival outcomes in residential areas in Singapore. Among other reasons, this could be due to affordable healthcare across different socioeconomic classes.

Eugene O Ohanme, Benjamin N Nwakelu, Ekene E Nwoke et al.

Background: Celosia leptostachya is classified under the Amaranthaceae family. C. leptostachya possesses numerous medicinal uses. Traditional medicine practitioners exploit C. leptostachya mainly on curing illnesses such as boils, fever, snake bites, scorpion stings, eye infections, wounds and pain and most notably, epilepsy. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the anticonvulsant properties of the ethyl acetate (EAF) and n-hexane fractions (NHF) of C. leptostachya leaf extract in mice and determine the most active extract between EAF and NHF. Methods: The acute toxicity was carried out to determine lethal dose (LD50) using Lorke’s method. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), brucine and maximal electroshock (MES) were used to induce seizures in mice. We used Swinyard’s method of using an animal model of epilepsy. Thirty mice of both genders weighing 20-25 g were divided into five groups. Groups 1 and 5 are negative and positive controls, respectively. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were pre-treated with C. leptostachya extracts (100, 150 and 200 mg). Then, 30 minutes later, PTZ (90 mg/kg body weight) was administered. This method was repeated with brucine (110 mg/kg body weight). Regarding MES, after 30 minutes of administration of C. leptostachya leaf extract, an alternating current of 50 Hz and 35 mA was delivered to the animals in each group through ear-electrodes for 0.2 s. Results: Regarding MES, EAF (150 and 200 mg/kg) protected the animals against seizure, while NHF (150 and 200 mg/kg) could not prevent seizures. However, EAF and NHF (150 and 200 mg/kg) significantly decreased mean recovery time (P<0.05). In brucine-induced seizures, EAF (150 and 200 mg/kg) protected the mice against death and significantly (P<0.05) decreased mean recovery time. For PTZ-induced seizures, 200 mg/kg of EAF offered 100% protection against the mortality of mice and significantly reduced mean onset and recovering time (P<0.05).  Conclusion: Based on the results, C. leptostachya has anticonvulsant properties and EAF extract has the highest potency.

Fabio D’Agostino, Astrid Tuinman, Camila Takáo Lopes et al.

Resumo Objetivo Fornecer uma visão geral da prevalência de diagnósticos de enfermagem em diferentes populações de pacientes e cenários de cuidado à saúde, e sobre os métodos de identificação dos diagnósticos de enfermagem. Métodos Revisão descritiva com aplicação de método sistemático de acordo com as diretrizes do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Foram incluídos estudos das bases de dados Medline e CINAHL publicados entre janeiro de 2007 e janeiro de 2020, que relataram a prevalência de diagnósticos de enfermagem, independentemente da população e do cenário (n=1839). Resultados Após a triagem, foram incluídos 328 artigos para análise. Foram identificadas 20 populações diferentes de pacientes com suas respectivas prevalências de diagnósticos de enfermagem. A maioria dos estudos foi realizada em ambientes hospitalares (por exemplo, unidades de terapia intensiva e cirúrgicas). A Classificação da NANDA International foi uma linguagem padronizada de enfermagem amplamente utilizada e o Risco de infecção foi o diagnóstico mais frequentemente identificado. Foram identificadas diversas lacunas quanto aos métodos utilizados nos artigos. Conclusão Foram identificados os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais prevalentes nas diferentes populações de pacientes. Além disso, foram sumarizados os diagnósticos de enfermagem das cinco linguagens padronizadas de enfermagem reconhecidas pela American Nurses Association e identificados avanços, lacunas e uma chamada para ação.

Weiwei Ni, Ming Xia, Mengjuan Jing et al.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the professional quality of life and work environment among intensive care unit nurses, and identify the influencing factors of intensive care unit nurses' professional quality of life.MethodsThis study design is cross-sectional and correlational descriptive. Four hundred fourteen intensive care unit nurses from Central China were recruited. Data were collected from three questionnaires of self-designed demographic questions, the professional quality of life scale and the nursing work environment scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.ResultsA total of 414 questionnaires was collected, for an effective recovery rate of 98.57%. The original scores of the three sub-scales of professional quality of life were 33.58 ± 6.43, 31.83 ± 5.94, and 32.55 ± 5.74. Compassion satisfaction was positively correlated with the nursing working environment (p &lt; 0.05), job burnout, and secondary trauma were negatively correlated with nursing work in environment (p &lt; 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis results show that, the nursing working environment entered into the influential factor model of professional quality of life scale (p &lt; 0.001). The nursing working environment independently explained 26.9% of the changes in compassion satisfaction, 27.1% of the changes in job burnout, and 27.5% of the changes in secondary trauma. The nursing work environment is an important factor affecting the professional quality of life.ConclusionThe better the nursing working environment, the higher the professional quality of life of intensive care unit nurses. Decision makers and managers can focus on improving the working environment of nurses, which may be a new perspective for managers to improve the professional quality of life of nurses and stabilize the nursing team.

Sidik Awaludin, Elly Nurachmah, Tri Wisesa Soetisna et al.

Background: Cardiac surgery can elicit both physical and psychological responses. Prayer, exercise therapy, education, hypnosis, and music are expected to be able to overcome pain, anxiety, and immobilization in the cardiac surgery. This study was to create a smartphone-based peri-operative nursing intervention model that was able to reduce pain, anxiety, and increase early mobilization cardiac surgery patients. Design and Methods: This study consisted of three stages. The first stage was research and development, the second was true experimental design, and the third was cross sectional design. The samples size was 86 respondents. The intervention models for the treatment group comprised of a smartphone-based therapy of prayer, education, exercise, hypnosis, and music. The control group was given standard hospital intervention according to the clinical pathway. Results: The majority of respondents were adults, male, high school graduate in the treatment group and bachelor graduate in the control group, CABG type of surgery, and having pain history. The intervention had a significant effect on reducing pain scale and anxiety level as well as increasing early mobilization (p<0.05). The intervention had a direct effect on pain and anxiety, but it had no direct effect on early mobilization. However, it gave indirect effect on early mobilization that was mediated by anxiety. Conclusion: The models can be used by nurses to reduce pain, anxiety and to increase early mobilization on cardiac surgery patients.

Kun Tang, Hanyu Wang, Yuning Liu et al.

Objective To investigate the association between maternal education and breast feeding in the Chinese population, with a consideration of household income and health-seeking behaviours.Design A nationally representative population-based cross-sectional study.Setting 77 counties from 12 geographically distinct regions in China.Participants 10 408 mothers with children from 0 to 12 months of age, aged 15–53 years old (mean: 29.15, SD: 5.11) were classified into primary school or below group (n=781), middle school group (n=3842), high school/vocational school group (n=1990), college or above group (n=3795), according to their highest completed education.Outcomes Five breastfeeding outcomes, including early initiation of breast feeding (EIB), exclusive breast feeding (EBF) under 6 months, predominant breast feeding under 6 months, current breast feeding and children ever breast fed, were calculated based on the standardised questionnaire from the WHO and Wellstart International’s toolkit for monitoring and evaluating breastfeeding activities.Results The absolute risk of EIB and EBF in the lowest maternal education level was 64.85% and 26.53%, respectively, whereas the absolute risk of EIB and EBF in the highest maternal education level was 77.21% and 14.06%, respectively. A higher level of maternal education was positively associated with EIB (risk ratio (RR): 1.22; 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.30) and was inversely associated with EBF (RR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.88). Stratified by household income, a positive association with EIB was observed only in the group with the highest household income and an inverse association with EBF was found in both low household and high household income groups.Conclusions Mothers with a higher education were more likely to initiate early breast feeding when they were also from a high-income household while also being less likely to exclusively breast feed their babies. Routine and successful nursing is crucial for the health of infants and is influenced by maternal education. Future public health interventions to promote breast feeding should consider the issues related to the educational level of mothers.

Shi-wen He, Yue-e Xiong, Li-hui Zhu et al.

Abstract Background Most Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) in China have restricted visiting policies for parents. This also implicates that parents are not involved in the care of their infant. Family Integrated Care (FIC), empowering parents in direct care delivery and decisions, is becoming the standard in NICUs in many countries and can improve quality-of-life and health outcomes of preterm infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a FIC intervention on the clinical outcomes of preterm infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD). Methods A pre-post intervention study was conducted at NICUs in two Chinese children’s hospitals. Infants with BPD were included: pre-intervention group (n = 134) from December 2015 to September 2016, post-intervention (FIC) group (n = 115) and their parents from October 2016 to June 2017. NICU nurses were trained between July and September 2016 to deliver the FIC intervention, including parent education and support. Parents had to be present and care for their infant minimal three hours a day. The infants’ outcome measures were length-of-stay, breastfeeding, weight gain, respiratory and oxygen support, and parent hospital expenses. Results Compared with control group (n = 134), the FIC group (n = 115) had significantly increased breastfeeding rates (83% versus 71%, p = 0.030), breastfeeding time (31 days versus 19 days, p < 0.001), enteral nutrition time (50 days versus 34 days, p < 0.001), weight gain (29 g/day versus 23 g/day, p = 0.002), and significantly lower respiratory support time (16 days versus 25 days, p < 0.001). Oxygen Exposure Time decreased but not significant (39 days versus 41 days p = 0.393). Parents hospital expenses in local Chinese RMB currency was not significant (84 K versus 88 K, p = 0.391). Conclusion The results of our study suggests that FIC is feasible in two Chinese NICUs and might improve clinical outcomes of preterm infants with BPD. Further research is needed to include all infants admitted to NICUs and should include parent reported outcome measures. Our study may help other NICUs with limited parental access to implement FIC to enhance parental empowerment and involvement in the care of their infant.

My-Linh Nguyen Luong, Kim L. Bennell, Michelle Hall et al.

Abstract Background Most adults fail to meet global physical activity guidelines set out by the World Health Organization. In recent years, behavioural economic principles have been used to design novel interventions that increase physical activity. Immediate financial rewards, for instance, can motivate an individual to change physical activity behaviour by lowering the opportunity costs of exercise. This systematic review will summarise the evidence about the effectiveness of financial incentive interventions for improving physical activity in adults. Methods We will search MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, EconLit, SPORTDiscus, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from inception using a comprehensive, electronic search strategy. The search strategy will include terms related to ‘financial incentive’ and ‘physical activity’. Only randomised controlled trials that investigate the effect of financial incentives on physical activity in adult populations and that are written in the English language will be included. Two review authors will independently screen abstracts and titles, complete full text reviews and extract data on objective and self-reported physical activity outcomes. The authors will also assess the study quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and provide a systematic presentation and synthesis of the included studies’ characteristics and results. If more than two studies are sufficiently similar in population, settings and interventions, we will pool the data to conduct a meta-analysis. If we are unable to perform a meta-analysis, we will conduct a narrative synthesis of the results and produce forest plots for individual studies. Our subgroup analyses will examine the differential effects of an intervention in healthy populations compared to populations with disease pathology and compare the effects of interventions using financial rewards to interventions using financial penalties. Discussion This systematic review will determine the effectiveness of positive and negative financial incentives on physical activity in adults. Findings will help inform the development of public health interventions and research in this field. Systematic review registration PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017068263

Marilei de Melo Tavares Souza, Lilia Marques Simões Rodrigues, Rogéria Costa de Paula et al.

Objetivo: Este ensaio teórico visa discutir sobre a saúde do docente-trabalhador de Instituição de Ensino Superior. Método: Utiliza-se uma perspectiva crítica e reflexiva na análise de artigos e documentos publicados sobre o saúde do trabalhador. Resultados: Apresentam-se definições, e contradições em relação às necessidades de saúde do docente – trabalhados de IES, apontam-se para a necessidade de realização de novas investigações destinadas a avaliar, mais detidamente, de forma exploratória. Conclusão: Estudar as condições de trabalho e sobretudo os efeitos sobre a saúde do trabalhador é passo fundamental para identificar fatores de riscos, que podem contribuir ou determinar repercussões negativas sobre a saúde do trabalhador docente. Traçar o perfil de queixas de doenças relacionadas ao docente, torna-se necessário para elaboração de estratratégias para intervir no intenso desgaste biopsíquico, atestado pelas elevadas freqüências de queixas de doença relacionada as condições de trabalho docente. Descritores: Saúde de Trabalhador, Trabalho Docente, Ensino Superior.

Clarisse Sampaio Pequeno, Simara Moreira de Macêdo, Karla Corrêa Lima Miranda

Com o avanço da AIDS no Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde sentiu a necessidade de sensibilizar e treinar profissionais de saúde para trabalhar com questões provocadas pela infecção ou pela doença. Neste sentido, surgiu a implantação de centros de orientação e apoio sorológico (CTA), que passaram a ser a principal referência em aconselhamento. O aconselhamento em HIV/AIDS é um dispositivo utilizado por profissionais de saúde buscando trabalhar informação, orientação, avaliação de risco e apoio na realização da sorologia anti-HIV. Entretanto, faz-se necessário que esta estratégia tenha fundamentos teórico-filosóficos que sirvam para embasar a prática clínica do aconselhador. Logo, este artigo objetivou apresentar os principais pressupostos de algumas teorias do aconselhamento psicológico e sua relação com a prática do aconselhamento em HIV/AIDS. Acredita-se que estas reflexões poderão contribuir para fundamentar teoricamente os profissionais que realizam aconselhamento em HIV/AIDS, configurando-o realmente em um dispositivo para promoção da saúde.

程金莲, 柴永萍

It introduced related concept of nursing scientific research,achievement of nursing scientific research has reached in China.It introduced existing problems in nursing scientific research and main factors influencing scientific research development in China.

Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de Oliveira, Neusa Collet

Este estudo tem por objetivo fazer uma reflexão crítica a respeito das relações de poderes que permeiam as ações profissionais e/ou institucionais no cotidiano do ambiente hospitalar, tomando por base uma situação concreta vivenciada por um grupo de enfermeiros docentes de uma universidade pública estadual do interior do Estado do Paraná que desencadeou um processo conflituoso nas relações de poderes (inter)profissionais e (inter)institucionais. Reflete acerca da relação de poder no ambiente hospitalar destacando as inter-relações que caracterizam a prática de enfermagem. Acreditamos que estas relações só podem ser compreendidas, refletidas e (re)construídas no cotidiano das ações buscando um "novo" agir coletivo.

Delvair de Brito Alves, Lindete Amorim Santos

Esta pesquisa trata do processo de pesquisar no Departamento de Enfermagem e Nutrição da Universidade Federal de Sergipe - DEN/UFS. Ela foi desenvolvida a partir de entrevistas semi estruturadas realizadas com as docentes. Dos materiais obtidos, apresentamos concepções das docentes sobre grupos, linhas e projetos de pesquisa; a produção científica docente e discente; dificuldades e possibilidades relativas à atividade de pesquisar; estratégias que esse Departamento vem utilizando para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, para a capacitação docente e formação de pesquisadores, além da inserção de estudantes (de graduação e de pós graduação) no "mundo científico". Ela conclui pela necessidade de aprofundamento dessa atividade e pela divulgação e aplicação dos seus resultados na prática de enfermagem.

Peter Kgoatia

In this research a survey was conducted with a purposive sample of teenage mothers attending three clinics in Soshanguve. Opsomming In hierdie navorsing is 'n opname uitgevoer met 'n doelgerigte steekproef van tienderjarige moeders wat in Soshanguve drie klinieke bywoon. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.